1
|
Fleischer M, Rummel S, Stritt F, Fischer J, Bock M, Echternach M, Richter B, Traser L. Voice efficiency for different voice qualities combining experimentally derived sound signals and numerical modeling of the vocal tract. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1081622. [PMID: 36620215 PMCID: PMC9822708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1081622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Concerning voice efficiency considerations of different singing styles, from western classical singing to contemporary commercial music, only limited data is available to date. This single-subject study attempts to quantify the acoustic sound intensity within the human glottis depending on different vocal tract configurations and vocal fold vibration. Methods: Combining Finite-Element-Models derived from 3D-MRI data, audio recordings, and electroglottography (EGG) we analyzed vocal tract transfer functions, particle velocity and acoustic pressure at the glottis, and EGG-related quantities to evaluate voice efficiency at the glottal level and resonance characteristics of different voice qualities according to Estill Voice Training®. Results: Voice qualities Opera and Belting represent highly efficient strategies but apply different vowel strategies and should thus be capable of predominate orchestral sounds. Twang and Belting use similar vowels, but the twang vocal tract configuration enabled the occurrence of anti-resonances and was associated with reduced vocal fold contact but still partially comparable energy transfer from the glottis to the vocal tract. Speech was associated with highly efficient glottal to vocal tract energy transfer, but with the absence of psychoactive strategies makes it more susceptible to noise interference. Falsetto and Sobbing apply less efficiently. Falsetto mainly due to its voice source characteristics, Sobbing due to energy loss in the vocal tract. Thus technical amplification might be appropriate here. Conclusion: Differences exist between voice qualities regarding the sound intensity, caused by different vocal tract morphologies and oscillation characteristics of the vocal folds. The combination of numerical analysis of geometries inside the human body and experimentally determined data outside sheds light on acoustical quantities at the glottal level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fleischer
- Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Mario Fleischer,
| | | | - Fiona Stritt
- Medical Center, Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Medical Center, Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Louisa Traser
- Medical Center, Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Traser L, Schwab C, Burk F, Özen AC, Bock M, Richter B, Echternach M. Differences of respiratory kinematics in female and male singers - A comparative study using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Front Psychol 2022; 13:844032. [PMID: 36544443 PMCID: PMC9760878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.844032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath control is an important factor for singing voice production, but pedagogic descriptions of how a beneficial movement pattern should be performed vary widely and the underlying physiological processes are not understood in detail. Differences in respiratory movements during singing might be related to the sex of the singer. To study sex-related differences in respiratory kinematics during phonation, 12 singers (six male and six female) trained in the Western classical singing tradition were imaged with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Singers were asked to sustain phonation at five different pitches and loudness conditions, and cross-sectional images of the lung were acquired. In each dynamic image frame the distances between anatomical landmarks were measured to quantify the movements of the respiratory apparatus. No major difference between male and female singers was found for the general respiratory kinematics of the thorax and the diaphragm during sustained phonation. However when compared to sole breathing, male singers significantly increased their thoracic movements for singing. This behavior could not be observed in female singers. The presented data support the hypothesis that professional singers follow sex-specific breathing strategies. This finding may be important in a pedagogical context where the biological sex of singer and student differ and should be further investigated in a larger cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Traser
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Louisa Traser,
| | - Carmen Schwab
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Burk
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Caglar Özen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nascimento GFD, Silva HJD, Oliveira KGSCD, Lira SZD, Gomes ADOC. Relationship Between Oropharyngeal Geometry and Acoustic Parameters in Singers: A Preliminary Study. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00214-4. [PMID: 35961825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify possible correlations between formant and cepstral parameters and oropharyngeal geometry in singers, stratified by sex. METHOD Voice records and oropharyngeal measures of 31 singers - 13 females and 18 males, mean age of 28 (±5.0) years - were retrieved from a database and analyzed. The oropharyngeal geometry measures were collected with acoustic pharyngometry, and the voice records consisted of sustained vowel /Ԑ/ phonation, which were exported to Praat software and edited to obtain the formant and cepstral parameters, stratified by sex. The Pearson linear correlation test was applied to relate voice parameters to oropharyngeal geometry, at the 5% significance level; the linear regression test was used to justify the variable related to the second formant. RESULTS Differences between the sexes were identified only in the oral cavity length (greater in males) and pharyngeal cavity length (greater in females). There was a linear correlation between the third formant and the cepstrum in the female group. In the male group, there was a linear correlation between the cepstrum and the third and fourth formants. A positive linear correlation with up to 95% confidence was also identified between the pharyngeal cavity volume and the second formant in the female group, making it possible to estimate a regression model for the second formant (R2 = 0.70). CONCLUSION There are correlations between the oropharyngeal geometry and formant and cepstral parameters in relation to sex. The pharyngeal cavity volume showed the greatest correlation between females and the second formant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Frutuoso do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Human Communication Health at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center. Speech-Languague Pathology and Audiology Departament, Recife, Pernambuco (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Departamento de Fonoaudiologia), Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, CEP, Brazil
| | - Hilton Justino da Silva
- Graduate Program in Human Communication Health at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center. Speech-Languague Pathology and Audiology Departament, Recife, Pernambuco (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Departamento de Fonoaudiologia), Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, CEP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Greyce Sukar Cavalcanti de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Human Communication Health at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center. Speech-Languague Pathology and Audiology Departament, Recife, Pernambuco (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Departamento de Fonoaudiologia), Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, CEP, Brazil
| | - Souza Zulina de Lira
- Graduate Program in Human Communication Health at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center. Speech-Languague Pathology and Audiology Departament, Recife, Pernambuco (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Departamento de Fonoaudiologia), Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, CEP, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Oliveira Camargo Gomes
- Graduate Program in Human Communication Health at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center. Speech-Languague Pathology and Audiology Departament, Recife, Pernambuco (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Departamento de Fonoaudiologia), Av. Prof. Artur de Sá, CEP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ikävalko T, Laukkanen AM, McAllister A, Eklund R, Lammentausta E, Leppävuori M, Nieminen MT. Three Professional Singers' Vocal Tract Dimensions in Operatic Singing, Kulning, and Edge-A Multiple Case Study Examining Loud Singing. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00025-X. [PMID: 35277318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A comprehensive understanding of how vocal tract dimensions vary among different types of loud voice productions has not yet been fully formed. This study aims to expand the existing knowledge on the topic. METHODS Three trained professional singers together practiced the vocal techniques underlying Opera and Kulning singing styles for one hour and, afterwards, phonated using these techniques on vowel [iː] at pitch C5 (523 Hz), while their vocal tracts were scanned via MRI. One of the participants also produced the samples in the Edge vocal mode using [ɛː]. Several dimensional vocal tract measurements were calculated from the MRIs. Spectral analysis was conducted on the filtered audio recorded during the MRI. RESULTS The Operatic technique demonstrated a lower larynx, a larger tongue-palate distance, and larger epilaryngeal and pharyngeal tube diameters compared to Kulning. Edge showed the highest laryngeal position, narrowest pharynx and epilarynx tubes, and the least forward-tilted larynx out of the styles studied. The spectra of Opera and Kulning showed a dominant first harmonic, while in Edge, the second harmonic was the strongest. CONCLUSIONS The results shed light on the magnitude of vocal tract changes necessary for genre-typical vocal projection. This information can be pedagogically helpful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tero Ikävalko
- Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anne-Maria Laukkanen
- Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anita McAllister
- Medical Unit Speech and Language Pathology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Functional Area Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Eklund
- Department of Culture and Communication (IDA), Department of Computer Science (IDA), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Mari Leppävuori
- Community of Research in Education, Music, and the Arts, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Köberlein M, Birkholz P, Burdumy M, Richter B, Burk F, Traser L, Echternach M. Investigation of resonance strategies of high pitch singing sopranos using dynamic three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:4191. [PMID: 34972262 DOI: 10.1121/10.0008903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resonance-strategies with respect to vocal registers, i.e., frequency-ranges of uniform, demarcated voice quality, for the highest part of the female voice are still not completely understood. The first and second vocal tract resonances usually determine vowels. If the fundamental frequency exceeds the vowel-shaping resonance frequencies of speech, vocal tract resonances are tuned to voice source partials. It has not yet been clarified if such tuning is applicable for the entire voice-range, particularly for the top pitches. We investigated professional sopranos who regularly sing pitches above C6 (1047 Hz). Dynamic three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate resonances for pitches from C5 (523 Hz) to C7 (2093 Hz) with different vowel configurations ([a:], [i:], [u:]), and different contexts (scales or octave jumps). A spectral analysis and an acoustic analysis of 3D-printed vocal tract models were conducted. The results suggest that there is no exclusive register-defining resonance-strategy. The intersection of fundamental frequency and first vocal tract resonance was not found to necessarily indicate a register shift. The articulators and the vocal tract resonances were either kept without significant adjustments, or the fR1:fo-tuning, wherein the first vocal tract resonance enhances the fundamental frequency, was applied until F6 (1396 Hz). An fR2:fo-tuning was not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Köberlein
- Medical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Music Freiburg, Elsässer Straße 2m, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Birkholz
- Institute of Acoustics and Speech Communication, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Burdumy
- Department of Medical Physics, Radiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Medical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Music Freiburg, Elsässer Straße 2m, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Burk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louisa Traser
- Medical Faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Music Freiburg, Elsässer Straße 2m, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The influence of gravity on respiratory kinematics during phonation measured by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22965. [PMID: 34824315 PMCID: PMC8617256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory kinematics are important for the regulation of voice production. Dynamic MRI is an excellent tool to study respiratory motion providing high-resolution cross-sectional images. Unfortunately, in clinical MRI systems images can only be acquired in a horizontal subject position, which does not take into account gravitational effects on the respiratory apparatus. To study the effect of body posture on respiratory kinematics during phonation, 8 singers were examined both in an open-configuration MRI with a rotatable gantry and a conventional horizontal MRI system. During dynamic MRI the subjects sang sustained tones at different pitches in both supine and upright body positions. Sagittal images of the respiratory system were obtained at 1-3 images per second, from which 6 anatomically defined distances were extracted to characterize its movements in the anterior, medium and posterior section of the diaphragm as well as the rip cage (diameter at the height of the 3rd and 5th rip) and the anterior-posterior position of the diaphragm cupola. Regardless of body position, singers maintained their general principles of respiratory kinematics with combined diaphragm and thorax muscle activation for breath support. This was achieved by expanding their chest an additional 20% during inspiration when singing in the supine position but not for sole breathing. The diaphragm was cranially displaced in supine position for both singing and breathing and its motion range increased. These results facilitate a more realistic extrapolation of research data obtained in a supine position.
Collapse
|
7
|
Leppävuori M, Lammentausta E, Peuna A, Bode MK, Jokelainen J, Ojala J, Nieminen MT. Characterizing Vocal Tract Dimensions in the Vocal Modes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Voice 2021; 35:804.e27-804.e42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Lynn E, Narayanan SS, Lammert AC. Dark tone quality and vocal tract shaping in soprano song production: Insights from real-time MRI. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2021; 1:075202. [PMID: 34291230 PMCID: PMC8273971 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tone quality termed "dark" is an aesthetically important property of Western classical voice performance and has been associated with lowered formant frequencies, lowered larynx, and widened pharynx. The present study uses real-time magnetic resonance imaging with synchronous audio recordings to investigate dark tone quality in four professionally trained sopranos with enhanced ecological validity and a relatively complete view of the vocal tract. Findings differ from traditional accounts, indicating that labial narrowing may be the primary driver of dark tone quality across performers, while many other aspects of vocal tract shaping are shown to differ significantly in a performer-specific way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lynn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01690, USA
| | - Shrikanth S Narayanan
- Signal Analysis and Interpretation Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 95616, USA , ,
| | - Adam C Lammert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01690, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Traser L, Burk F, Özen AC, Burdumy M, Bock M, Blaser D, Richter B, Echternach M. Respiratory kinematics and the regulation of subglottic pressure for phonation of pitch jumps - a dynamic MRI study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244539. [PMID: 33382744 PMCID: PMC7775092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is a central part of voice production as it contributes to the generation of subglottic pressure, which has an impact on voice parameters including fundamental frequency and sound pressure level. Both parameters need to be adjusted precisely during complex phonation tasks such as singing. In particular, the underlying functions of the diaphragm and rib cage in relation to the phonation of pitch jumps are not yet understood in detail. This study aims to analyse respiratory movements during phonation of pitch jumps using dynamic MRI of the lungs. Dynamic images of the breathing apparatus of 7 professional singers were acquired in the supine position during phonation of upwards and downwards pitch jumps in a high, medium, and low range of the singer's tessitura. Distances between characteristic anatomical landmarks in the lung were measured from the series of images obtained. During sustained phonation, the diaphragm elevates, and the rib cage is lowered in a monotonic manner. During downward pitch jumps the diaphragm suddenly changed its movement direction and presented with a short inspiratory activation which was predominant in the posterior part and was associated with a shift of the cupola in an anterior direction. The magnitude of this inspiratory movement was greater for jumps that started at higher compared to lower fundamental frequency. In contrast, expiratory movement of the rib cage and anterior diaphragm were simultaneous and continued constantly during the jump. The data underline the theory of a regulation of subglottic pressure via a sudden diaphragm contraction during phonation of pitch jumps downwards, while the rib cage is not involved in short term adaptations. This strengthens the idea of a differentiated control of rib cage and diaphragm as different functional units during singing phonation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Traser
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Phoniatrics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabian Burk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ali Caglar Özen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Burdumy
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Blaser
- Division of Phoniatrics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perta K, Bae Y, Obert K. A pilot investigation of twang quality using magnetic resonance imaging. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2020; 46:77-85. [DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2020.1757147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Perta
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Youkyung Bae
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kerrie Obert
- College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hosbach-Cannon CJ, Lowell SY, Colton RH, Kelley RT, Bao X. Assessment of Tongue Position and Laryngeal Height in Two Professional Voice Populations. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:109-124. [PMID: 31944876 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To advance our current knowledge of singer physiology by using ultrasonography in combination with acoustic measures to compare physiological differences between musical theater (MT) and opera (OP) singers under controlled phonation conditions. Primary objectives addressed in this study were (a) to determine if differences in hyolaryngeal and vocal fold contact dynamics occur between two professional voice populations (MT and OP) during singing tasks and (b) to determine if differences occur between MT and OP singers in oral configuration and associated acoustic resonance during singing tasks. Method Twenty-one singers (10 MT and 11 OP) were included. All participants were currently enrolled in a music program. Experimental procedures consisted of sustained phonation on the vowels /i/ and /ɑ/ during both a low-pitch task and a high-pitch task. Measures of hyolaryngeal elevation, tongue height, and tongue advancement were assessed using ultrasonography. Vocal fold contact dynamics were measured using electroglottography. Simultaneous acoustic recordings were obtained during all ultrasonography procedures for analysis of the first two formant frequencies. Results Significant oral configuration differences, reflected by measures of tongue height and tongue advancement, were seen between groups. Measures of acoustic resonance also showed significant differences between groups during specific tasks. Both singer groups significantly raised their hyoid position when singing high-pitched vowels, but hyoid elevation was not statistically different between groups. Likewise, vocal fold contact dynamics did not significantly differentiate the two singer groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that, under controlled phonation conditions, MT singers alter their oral configuration and achieve differing resultant formants as compared with OP singers. Because singers are at a high risk of developing a voice disorder, understanding how these two groups of singers adjust their vocal tract configuration during their specific singing genre may help to identify risky vocal behavior and provide a basis for prevention of voice disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soren Y Lowell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY
| | - Raymond H Colton
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY
| | - Richard T Kelley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Xue Bao
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, MGH-IHP, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Computerized Tomography Study of Vocal Tract Setting in Hyperfunctional Dysphonia and in Belting. J Voice 2019; 33:412-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Kim YC. Fast upper airway magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of speech production and sleep apnea. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
14
|
Freitas AC, Ruthven M, Boubertakh R, Miquel ME. Real-time speech MRI: Commercial Cartesian and non-Cartesian sequences at 3T and feasibility of offline TGV reconstruction to visualise velopharyngeal motion. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
15
|
Traser L, Birkholz P, Flügge TV, Kamberger R, Burdumy M, Richter B, Korvink JG, Echternach M. Relevance of the Implementation of Teeth in Three-Dimensional Vocal Tract Models. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2017; 60:2379-2393. [PMID: 28898358 DOI: 10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, efforts have been made to investigate the vocal tract using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to technical limitations, teeth were omitted in many previous studies on vocal tract acoustics. However, the knowledge of how teeth influence vocal tract acoustics might be important in order to estimate the necessity of implementing teeth in vocal tract models. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate the effect of teeth on vocal tract acoustics. METHOD The acoustic properties of 18 solid (3-dimensional printed) vocal tract models without teeth were compared to the same 18 models including teeth in terms of resonance frequencies (fRn). The fRn were obtained from the transfer functions of these models excited by white noise at the glottis level. The models were derived from MRI data of 2 trained singers performing 3 different vowel conditions (/i/, /a/, and /u/) in speech and low-pitched and high-pitched singing. RESULTS Depending on the oral configuration, models exhibiting side cavities or side branches were characterized by major changes in the transfer function when teeth were implemented via the introduction of pole-zero pairs. CONCLUSIONS To avoid errors in modeling, teeth should be included in 3-dimensional vocal tract models for acoustic evaluation. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5386771.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Traser
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Birkholz
- Institute of Acoustics and Speech Communication, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tabea Viktoria Flügge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Robert Kamberger
- Laboratory of Simulation, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Burdumy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics, Radiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Gerrit Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Echternach M, Burk F, Burdumy M, Traser L, Richter B. Morphometric Differences of Vocal Tract Articulators in Different Loudness Conditions in Singing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153792. [PMID: 27096935 PMCID: PMC4838265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dynamic MRI analysis of phonation has gathered interest in voice and speech physiology. However, there are limited data addressing the extent to which articulation is dependent on loudness. Material and Methods 12 professional singer subjects of different voice classifications were analysed concerning the vocal tract profiles recorded with dynamic real-time MRI with 25fps in different pitch and loudness conditions. The subjects were asked to sing ascending scales on the vowel /a/ in three loudness conditions (comfortable = mf, very soft = pp, very loud = ff, respectively). Furthermore, fundamental frequency and sound pressure level were analysed from the simultaneously recorded optical audio signal after noise cancellation. Results The data show articulatory differences with respect to changes of both pitch and loudness. Here, lip opening and pharynx width were increased. While the vertical larynx position was rising with pitch it was lower for greater loudness. Especially, the lip opening and pharynx width were more strongly correlated with the sound pressure level than with pitch. Conclusion For the vowel /a/ loudness has an effect on articulation during singing which should be considered when articulatory vocal tract data are interpreted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Echternach
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabian Burk
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Burdumy
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Physics, Radiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Louisa Traser
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Kilianstr. 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Institute of Musicians’ Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Perry JL, Kuehn DP, Sutton BP, Fang X. Velopharyngeal Structural and Functional Assessment of Speech in Young Children Using Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2016; 54:408-422. [PMID: 27031268 DOI: 10.1597/15-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a novel method for examining the velopharyngeal mechanism using static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the sentence-level production in young children with normal anatomy. This study examined whether velopharyngeal events occurring in the midsagittal plane are correlated to muscle events occurring along the plane of velopharyngeal closure. Adenoid involvement in velopharyngeal function was also explored. METHODS A high-resolution, T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo three-dimensional anatomical scan was used to acquire static velopharyngeal data and a fast-gradient echo fast low angle shot multishot spiral technique (15.8 frames per second) was used to acquire dynamic data on 11 children between 4 and 9 years old. RESULTS Changes in velar knee height from rest to the bilabial /p/ production was strongly correlated with changes in the velar configuration (r = 0.680, P = .021) and levator muscle contraction (r = 0.703, P = .016). Velar configuration was highly correlated to levator muscle changes (r = 0.685, P = .020). Mean alpha angle during bilabial /p/ production was 176°, which demonstrated that subjects achieve velopharyngeal closure at or just below the palatal plane. Subjects with a larger adenoid pad used significantly less (r = -0.660, P = .027) levator muscle contraction compared with individuals with smaller adenoids. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a potentially useful technique in dynamic MRI that does not rely on cyclic repetitions or sustained phonation. This study lends support to the clinical potential of dynamic MRI methods for cleft palate management.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nair A, Nair G, Reishofer G. The Low Mandible Maneuver and Its Resonential Implications for Elite Singers. J Voice 2016; 30:128.e13-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Vorperian HK, Kurtzweil SL, Fourakis M, Kent RD, Tillman KK, Austin D. Effect of body position on vocal tract acoustics: Acoustic pharyngometry and vowel formants. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:833-45. [PMID: 26328699 PMCID: PMC4545056 DOI: 10.1121/1.4926563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The anatomic basis and articulatory features of speech production are often studied with imaging studies that are typically acquired in the supine body position. It is important to determine if changes in body orientation to the gravitational field alter vocal tract dimensions and speech acoustics. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of body position (upright versus supine) on (1) oral and pharyngeal measurements derived from acoustic pharyngometry and (2) acoustic measurements of fundamental frequency (F0) and the first four formant frequencies (F1-F4) for the quadrilateral point vowels. Data were obtained for 27 male and female participants, aged 17 to 35 yrs. Acoustic pharyngometry showed a statistically significant effect of body position on volumetric measurements, with smaller values in the supine than upright position, but no changes in length measurements. Acoustic analyses of vowels showed significantly larger values in the supine than upright position for the variables of F0, F3, and the Euclidean distance from the centroid to each corner vowel in the F1-F2-F3 space. Changes in body position affected measurements of vocal tract volume but not length. Body position also affected the aforementioned acoustic variables, but the main vowel formants were preserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houri K Vorperian
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue #427, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Sara L Kurtzweil
- Speech Pathology, Marshfield Center, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA
| | - Marios Fourakis
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Ray D Kent
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue #491, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Katelyn K Tillman
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue #429, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Diane Austin
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue #429, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mainka A, Poznyakovskiy A, Platzek I, Fleischer M, Sundberg J, Mürbe D. Lower Vocal Tract Morphologic Adjustments Are Relevant for Voice Timbre in Singing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132241. [PMID: 26186691 PMCID: PMC4505946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vocal tract shape is crucial to voice production. Its lower part seems particularly relevant for voice timbre. This study analyzes the detailed morphology of parts of the epilaryngeal tube and the hypopharynx for the sustained German vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ by thirteen male singer subjects who were at the beginning of their academic singing studies. Analysis was based on two different phonatory conditions: a natural, speech-like phonation and a singing phonation, like in classical singing. 3D models of the vocal tract were derived from magnetic resonance imaging and compared with long-term average spectrum analysis of audio recordings from the same subjects. Comparison of singing to the speech-like phonation, which served as reference, showed significant adjustments of the lower vocal tract: an average lowering of the larynx by 8 mm and an increase of the hypopharyngeal cross-sectional area (+ 21.9%) and volume (+ 16.8%). Changes in the analyzed epilaryngeal portion of the vocal tract were not significant. Consequently, lower larynx-to-hypopharynx area and volume ratios were found in singing compared to the speech-like phonation. All evaluated measures of the lower vocal tract varied significantly with vowel quality. Acoustically, an increase of high frequency energy in singing correlated with a wider hypopharyngeal area. The findings offer an explanation how classical male singers might succeed in producing a voice timbre with increased high frequency energy, creating a singer‘s formant cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mainka
- Division of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Voice Research Laboratory, Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anton Poznyakovskiy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivan Platzek
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden Germany
| | - Mario Fleischer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johan Sundberg
- Department of Speech, Music and Hearing, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH CSC, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dirk Mürbe
- Division of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Voice Research Laboratory, Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Echternach M, Birkholz P, Traser L, Flügge TV, Kamberger R, Burk F, Burdumy M, Richter B. Articulation and vocal tract acoustics at soprano subject's high fundamental frequencies. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 137:2586-2595. [PMID: 25994691 DOI: 10.1121/1.4919356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of the vocal tract for phonation at very high soprano fundamental frequencies (F0s) is not yet understood in detail. In this investigation, two experiments were carried out with a single professional high soprano subject. First, using two dimensional (2D) dynamic real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (24 fps) midsagittal and coronal vocal tract shapes were analyzed while the subject sang a scale from Bb5 (932 Hz) to G6 (1568 Hz). In a second experiment, volumetric vocal tract MRI data were recorded from sustained phonations (13 s) for the pitches C6 (1047 Hz) and G6 (1568 Hz). Formant frequencies were measured in physical models created by 3D printing, and calculated from area functions obtained from the 3D vocal tract shapes. The data showed that there were only minor modifications of the vocal tract shape. These changes involved a decrease of the piriform sinus as well as small changes of tongue position. Formant frequencies did not exhibit major differences between C6 and G6 for F1 and F3, respectively. Only F2 was slightly raised for G6. For G6, however, F2 is not excited by any voice source partial. Therefore, this investigation was not able to confirm that the analyzed professional soprano subject adjusted formants to voice source partials for the analyzed F0s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Echternach
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Birkholz
- Institute of Acoustics and Speech Communication, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Louisa Traser
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tabea V Flügge
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Kamberger
- Laboratory of Simulation, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Burk
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Burdumy
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Traser L, Burdumy M, Richter B, Vicari M, Echternach M. Weight-bearing MR imaging as an option in the study of gravitational effects on the vocal tract of untrained subjects in singing phonation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112405. [PMID: 25379885 PMCID: PMC4224454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of subjects in a supine position can be used to evaluate the configuration of the vocal tract during phonation. However, studies of speech phonation have shown that gravity can affect vocal tract shape and bias measurements. This is one of the reasons that MRI studies of singing phonation have used professionally trained singers as subjects, because they are generally considered to be less affected by the supine body position and environmental distractions. A study of untrained singers might not only contribute to the understanding of intuitive singing function and aid the evaluation of potential hazards for vocal health, but also provide insights into the effect of the supine position on singers in general. In the present study, an open configuration 0.25 T MRI system with a rotatable examination bed was used to study the effect of body position in 20 vocally untrained subjects. The subjects were asked to sing sustained tones in both supine and upright body positions on different pitches and in different register conditions. Morphometric measurements were taken from the acquired images of a sagittal slice depicting the vocal tract. The analysis concerning the vocal tract configuration in the two body positions revealed differences in 5 out of 10 measured articulatory parameters. In the upright position the jaw was less protruded, the uvula was elongated, the larynx more tilted and the tongue was positioned more to the front of the mouth than in the supine position. The findings presented are in agreement with several studies on gravitational effects in speech phonation, but contrast with the results of a previous study on professional singers of our group where only minor differences between upright and supine body posture were observed. The present study demonstrates that imaging of the vocal tract using weight-bearing MR imaging is a feasible tool for the study of sustained phonation in singing for vocally untrained subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Traser
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Burdumy
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Vicari
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany; Esaote S.p.A., Genoa, Italy
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Using Active Shape Modeling Based on MRI to Study Morphologic and Pitch-Related Functional Changes Affecting Vocal Structures and the Airway. J Voice 2014; 28:554-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Vocal Tract Shapes in Different Singing Functions Used in Musical Theater Singing—A Pilot Study. J Voice 2014; 28:653.e1-653.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Vocal Tract Configurations in Tenors' Passaggio in Different Vowel Conditions—A Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. J Voice 2014; 28:262.e1-262.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|