1
|
Wang L, Xia Q, Li T, Wang Z, Li J. Limb Symmetry Index of Single-Leg Vertical Jump vs. Single-Leg Hop for Distance After ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Health 2024; 16:851-861. [PMID: 37968849 PMCID: PMC11346230 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231205267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The limb symmetry index (LSI) is recommended as a milestone of return to play (RTP), and relying on the LSI value of a single-leg hop for distance (SLHD) test may overestimate rehabilitation status. Identifying a more reliable functional test can help to carefully make decisions for RTP. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the LSI value of the SLHD test with that of a single-leg vertical jump (SLVJ) test after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and determine which test provides lower LSI values. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to July 2022. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies with participants who had both SLHD and SLVJ tests after ACLR and LSI values of an SLHD and SLVJ were included. Disagreements were resolved after discussion between the 2 researchers. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION Data on the primary outcomes (LSI values of the SLVJ and SLHD tests) were collected. Means and standard deviations (SDs) for each variable of interest were used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs). RESULTS A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. A total of 587 patients underwent SLHD and SLVJ tests at different time points after ACLR. Compared with the SLHD test, the SLVJ test provided lower LSI values (SMD -0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.67 to -0.17). Subgroup analysis found that the SLVJ test provided a lower LSI value than the SLHD test in a specific period (approximately 7-18 months after ACLR, SMD -0.53; 95% CI -0.91 to -0.14) and a similar LSI value at other times. CONCLUSION The SLVJ test provided lower LSI values in a specific period (7-18 months after ACLR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - QingHong Xia
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - ZeYan Wang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smiley T, Dallman J, Long R, Kapple M, Aldag L, Mok A, Bernard C, Martin K, Vopat L, Vopat B. Lower extremity return to sport testing: A systematic review. Knee 2024; 50:115-146. [PMID: 39163752 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower extremity injuries account for an enormous portion of sports medicine cases in the United States each year. Unfortunately, there are no uniform criteria for athletes to complete prior to returning to sport (RTS) following a lower extremity injury. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to review current literature for joint-specific and global lower extremity testing to determine the most valid functional test that can be utilized to reduce the risk of re-injury as athletes RTS. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, OVID, and Embase databases was conducted for studies prior to May 2024 following PRISMA guidelines. ROBINS-I Tool was utilized for the risk of bias assessment. RESULTS Of 19,189 studies, 114 (0.6%) studies published prior to May of 2024 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Eighty five percent of articles discussed RTS for individuals with knee pathology. Furthermore, 82% specifically analyzed RTS following ACL reconstruction. The most common RTS test was isokinetic dynamometry testing which is seen in 73% of studies. Only 6.2% of studies analyzed RTS for individuals with hip pathology and only two studies analyzed RTS for patients with ankle injuries. CONCLUSION Even with the enormous amount of literature that exists regarding ACL injuries and testing there is no standardized criterion for RTS clearance. The suggested test batteries from this review can serve as a framework for future research and validation for joint-specific RTS functional testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Traci Smiley
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 2060 W 39th Ave, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA.
| | - Johnathan Dallman
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66103-2937, USA.
| | - Rachel Long
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66160-7300, USA.
| | - Mason Kapple
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66160-7300, USA.
| | - Levi Aldag
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66160-7300, USA.
| | - Anthony Mok
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66160-7300, USA.
| | - Christopher Bernard
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66103-2937, USA.
| | - Kyle Martin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 2060 W 39th Ave, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA.
| | - Lisa Vopat
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66103-2937, USA.
| | - Bryan Vopat
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3004 Cambridge Road, Kansas City, KS 66103-2937, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuwik P, Florkiewicz E, Benedict T, Mason J, Morris J, Crowell M. Assessing the Relationship of Psychological Sport Readiness, Single-leg Vertical Jump, and Non-Sagittal Single-Leg Hops to Quadriceps Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:942-955. [PMID: 39100937 PMCID: PMC11297365 DOI: 10.26603/001c.121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limitations exist with current ACLR functional testing assessments that may be mitigated by including single-leg multi-directional testing. Hypothesis/Purpose To compare Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) scores, limb symmetry index (LSI) of the single-leg vertical jump (SLVJ), single-leg medial rotation hop (SLMRH), single-leg lateral hop (SLLH), and isokinetic quadriceps strength between participants with an ACLR and healthy controls and assess predictors of quadriceps strength asymmetry. It was hypothesized that ACL-RSI scores and LSIs for all tests would differ between ACLR and healthy control groups and within the ACLR group a strong correlation would exist between all outcome measures and quadriceps strength. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study. Methods Twenty-six participants with an ACLR (median 13 months after surgery) and twenty-six matched healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. Performance was assessed via SLVJ, SLMRH, SLLH, and isokinetic quadriceps strength. Between-group comparisons were made with independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U test. Within the ACLR group, bivariate correlation and multivariate regression analysis were performed to assess the relationship between the outcome measures and quadriceps strength asymmetry. Results Significant between-limb differences were only identified in the ACLR group (p< 0.05): SLVJ LSI: 88.5%, SLMRH LSI: 93.6%, SLLH LSI: 92.7%, quadriceps strength LSI 80.9% - 83.9%, which were significantly lower (p <0.05) than the healthy control group. Within the ACLR group, a moderate-strong significant (p < 0.05) correlations existed with quadriceps strength and SLVJ (r=0.44-0.65), SLMRH (r =0.43-0.83), and SLLH (r=0.54-0.63); while ACL-RSI had a weak non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation with quadriceps strength (r= 0.12-0.30). Conclusion Single-leg multidirectional test LSIs were less in ACLR participants than matched healthy controls and all were directly related to quadriceps strength. Psychological readiness to return to sport was not related to quadriceps strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kuwik
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| | - Erin Florkiewicz
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
- Doctor of Philosophy in Health Sciences ProgramRocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah
| | - Timothy Benedict
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| | - John Mason
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| | - Jamie Morris
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| | - Michael Crowell
- Baylor University – Keller Army Community Hospital Division 1 Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gerfroit A, Marty-Diloy T, Laboudie P, Graveleau N, Bouguennec N. Correlation between Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury Score at 6 Months after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Mid-Term Functional Test Results: An Observational Study at 5-Year Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4498. [PMID: 39124766 PMCID: PMC11312896 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Evaluations allowing patients to return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) should be multimodal, including a psychological evaluation. The goal of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between the ACL-return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) score at 6 months post-ACLR and mid-term functional results. Methods: A total of 498 patients were assessed 6 months after primary ACLR using a composite test including isokinetics, hops, and ACL-RSI. A minimum of 3 years of follow-up was necessary. At the last follow-up, each patient completed clinical and functional evaluations, including the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner Activity Scale, Self Knee Value (SKV), and ACL-RSI score. The results were compared overall and item by item. Results: At the last follow-up, the mean SKV, Tegner, IKDC, and ACL-RSI scores were 86.8 ± 14.3%, 6 ± 2.1, 77 ± 11.9%, and 68.8 ± 25.7%, respectively. A significant correlation existed between the 6-month ACL-RSI score and each functional test (respectively, ρ = 0.189 p < 0.001; ρ = 0.174 p < 0.001; ρ = 0.237 p < 0.001). The ACL-RSI score was significantly higher than at 6 months after surgery (p < 0.001). Over half (59.2%) of the cohort returned to an equal or greater level of activity, and there was a significant correlation between the 6-month ACL-RSI score and post-surgery level of activity. Conclusions: Patients with better ACL-RSI scores at 6 months post-ACLR have better functional results in the medium term and are more likely to RTS. Our results show a correlation between psychological factors at 6 months, measured through the ACL-RSI score, and activity level at mid-term follow-up. This study underlines the relationship between RTS and psychological effects, and the importance of ACLR rehabilitation to focus on decreasing apprehension and fear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gerfroit
- Sports Clinic of Bordeaux-Mérignac, 33700 Mérignac, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Thibault Marty-Diloy
- Sports Clinic of Bordeaux-Mérignac, 33700 Mérignac, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giacomazzo Q, Picot B, Chamu T, Samozino P, Pairot de Fontenay B. Impaired Symmetry in Single-Leg Vertical Jump and Drop Jump Performance 7 Months After ACL Reconstruction. Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671241263794. [PMID: 39157022 PMCID: PMC11328232 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241263794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) continues to be associated with a variable rate of return to sports and a concerning rate of further anterior cruciate ligament injury. Persistent functional deficits may explain these results and support the need to keep exploring lower limb functional indexes, especially during vertical jumping. This would help improve rehabilitation through the return-to-sports continuum and improve postoperative outcomes. Hypothesis Vertical jumping performance indexes are impaired among patients 7 months after ACLR. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A total of 202 patients who underwent ACLR and 50 healthy participants performed single-leg vertical jump (SLVJ) and single-leg drop jump (SLDJ) testing. Jump height (H) as well as reactive strength index (RSI) were assessed and the limb symmetry index (LSI) of each parameter was compared between both groups. Vertical jumping indexes were also compared between healthy participants and the injured and contralateral legs of ACLR patients. Frequency analysis (chi-square test) of participants exhibiting an LSI >90% for each parameter was calculated in both groups. The level of association between SLVJ-H, SLDJ-H, and SLDJ-RSI was evaluated using the Pearson coefficient (r). Results At 6.6 ± 0.7 months (mean ± SD) postoperatively, participants after ACLR exhibited poorer LSI than the control group for all parameters (79.1 ± 14.8 vs 93.9 ± 4.5, 77.3 ± 14.6 vs 93.4 ± 5.2, and 71.9 ± 17.4 vs 93.4 ± 3.8; all P < .001; for the SLVJ-H, SLDJ-H, and SLDJ-RSI, respectively). Vertical jumping performance was lower on both injured and contralateral legs compared with healthy participants (all P < .001). Only 27%, 25%, and 16% of the ACLR patients exhibited an LSI >90% for the SLVJ-H, SLDJ-H, and SLDJ-RSI, respectively, in comparison with 80%, 72%, and 86% in the control group. Moderate correlations were observed between SLDJ-H and SLVJ-H (r = 0.494; P < .001) as well as between SLDJ-RSI and SLVJ-H (r = 0.488; P < .001) in the ACLR group. Conclusion Vertical jumping indexes (both symmetry and absolute values) were highly impaired 7 months after ACLR. Deficits were more marked for reactive strength ability. Clinicians should focus on restoring vertical jumping abilities to improve functional performance after ACLR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brice Picot
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry, France
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapy (SFMKS Lab), Asnières-sur-Oise, France
| | - Thomas Chamu
- Centre de kinésithérapie du sport, Lyon Ortho Clinic, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratory Interuniversity of Human Movement Sciences, Chambéry, France
| | - Benoit Pairot de Fontenay
- French Society of Sports Physical Therapy (SFMKS Lab), Asnières-sur-Oise, France
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Ramsay Santé, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, Lyon, France. P.S. and B.P.F. contributed equally to this article and also share last authorship
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pasquale C, Baschung Pfister P, Kuhn M, Stöggl T. Validity and Reliability of the Orthelligent Pro Sensor for Measuring Single-Leg Vertical Jump Height in Healthy Athletic Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3699. [PMID: 38931483 PMCID: PMC11207719 DOI: 10.3390/s24123699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The Orthelligent Pro sensor is a practicable, portable measuring instrument. This study assessed the validity and reliability of this sensor in measuring single-leg countermovement jumps. Fifty healthy athletic adults participated in two measurement sessions a week apart in time. They performed single-leg countermovement jumps on the force plate while wearing the Orthelligent Pro sensor on their lower leg. During the first measurement session, Tester 1 invited the participants to make three single-leg countermovement jumps; subsequently, Tester 2 did the same. For assessing the sensor's intratester reliability, Tester 1 again invited the participants to make three single-leg countermovement jumps during the second measurement session. The sensor's validity was assessed by using the force plate results as the gold standard. To determinate the agreement between two measurements, Bland-Altman plots were created. The intertester reliability (ICC = 0.99; 0.97) and intratester reliability (ICC = 0.96; 0.82) were both excellent. The validity calculated (i) on the basis of the mean value of three jumps and (ii) on the basis of the maximum value of three jumps was very high, but it showed a systematic error. Taking this error into account, physiotherapists can use the Orthelligent Pro sensor as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the jump height of countermovement jumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pasquale
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierrette Baschung Pfister
- Directorate of Research and Education, Physiotherapy Occupational Therapy Research Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Manuel Kuhn
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, 5303 Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Newmarch T, Betsch M, Michalik R, Dwyer T, Whelan D, Chahal J, Theodoropoulos J. How Important are Psychological Measures to Determine Readiness to Return to Sports after Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament? An Online Survey Study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2024; 162:185-192. [PMID: 36265494 DOI: 10.1055/a-1938-8359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that psychological factors are important components of a successful return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to survey physicians with respect to their criteria used to determine readiness to RTS after ACLR and to understand the significance of psychological factors on RTS. METHODS A survey was designed to understand the practices of clinicians managing rehabilitation after ACLR, consisting of 25 questions divided into 3 different sections, including one section about psychological scores and factors affecting RTS. The survey was delivered to three North American organizations for orthopedic sports medicine. RESULTS The total number of respondents was 113. Of the respondents, 95% considered psychological tests at least "somewhat important" (33% "important", 23% selected "very important"). Routine use of psychological tests in practice was only reported by 35% of respondents. The ACL-Return to Sport after Injury Scale was the most frequently used psychological test (23%). Fear of reinjury was considered the most common patient-cited psychological factor affecting RTS. Psychological factors ranked 8th out of 9 outcomes measures in determining readiness to RTS. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a discrepancy between the importance of psychological tests and the frequency of use in practice. Additional education on this topic, web-based applications, and a multidisciplinary approach may increase the usage of psychological tests to determine RTS after ACLR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tate Newmarch
- Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program (UTOSM), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcel Betsch
- Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program (UTOSM), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Michalik
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Dwyer
- Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program (UTOSM), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Whelan
- Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program (UTOSM), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jaskarndip Chahal
- Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program (UTOSM), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Theodoropoulos
- Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program (UTOSM), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hart HF, Crossley KM, Culvenor AG, Khan MCM, West TJ, Kennedy JB, Couch JL, Whittaker JL. Knee Confidence, Fear of Movement, and Psychological Readiness for Sport in Individuals With Knee Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024; 54:234-247. [PMID: 38284344 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2024.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To (1) compare activity-related psychological factors between individuals with and without knee conditions, and (2) assess associations between these factors and objective measures of function in individuals with knee conditions. DESIGN: A priori registered systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: MEDLINE-Ovid, Embase-Ovid, Scopus-Elsevier, CINAHL-EBSCO, SPORTDiscus-EBSCO, and Cochrane Library were searched to May 27, 2022. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included peer-reviewed primary data studies (observational and experimental) of human participants with and without knee conditions reporting knee confidence, fear of movement/avoidance beliefs, and/or psychological readiness to return to sport (RTS) or reporting correlations between these factors and objective measures of function in knee conditions. DATA SYNTHESIS: Where possible, data were pooled by knee conditions, otherwise performed narrative syntheses. The Downs and Black checklist assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. RESULTS: Forty studies (3546 participants with knee conditions; 616 participants without knee conditions) were included. There was very low-certainty evidence of higher fear of movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41, 0.52), but not in individuals with patellofemoral pain (SMD, 0.66; 95% CI: -7.98, 9.29) when compared with those without knee conditions. There was very low-certainty evidence of no differences in psychological readiness to RTS after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (SMD, -1.14; 95% CI: -2.97, 0.70) compared to no knee condition, and negligible to weak positive correlations between psychological readiness to RTS and objective measures of function. CONCLUSION: There was very low-certainty evidence of higher fear of movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis compared to those without, and very low-certainty evidence of no correlations between these factors and objective measures of function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(4):1-14. Epub 29 January 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12070.
Collapse
|
9
|
Legnani C, Del Re M, Peretti GM, Borgo E, Macchi V, Ventura A. Limb asymmetries persist 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction according to the results of a jump test battery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1303172. [PMID: 38444418 PMCID: PMC10913088 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1303172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Test batteries used to assess a patient's return-to-sports (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are currently undergoing continual development, although no consensus exist on tests to be administered to athletes before allowing return to play. A simple standardized jump test battery was developed to objectively evaluate knee function following ACLR, thereby aiding in RTS decision-making. Methods Thirty-three patients who underwent ACLR were prospectively assessed pre-operatively, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Knee function was assessed using a device for optical detection using a test battery consisting of three jump tests: monopodalic countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump, and monopodalic side-hop. Limb symmetry index (LSI) was reported for all tests at all time points. LSI ≥90% was defined as RTS criteria. Results At 12-month evaluation, mean LSI significantly improved compared to 6-month follow up (p < 0.01), and also compared to baseline (p < 0.01), reporting a mean value of 92.6% for CMJ, 90.6 for drop jump and 96.9% for side hop test. Most patients fulfilled the RTS criteria 12 months after surgery (LSI ≥90%). The percentages of patients demonstrating LSI ≥90% at 6 months was 7/33 (21.2%) for CMJ, 12/33 (36.4%) for drop jump, and 11/33 (33.3%) for side-hop test. One year after surgery, percentages grew up to 66.6% (22/33), 63.6% (21/33), and 81.8% (27/33) respectively. Conclusion Six months after ACLR, knee functional performance was unsatisfactory in most patients, whereas a significantly higher percentage of patients met RTS criteria 1 year after surgery. The results of the jump test battery proposed in this study support the idea that timing for resumption of cutting and pivoting sports should be delayed later than 6 months, as still limb asymmetries persist at this time point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giuseppe M. Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Borgo
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim JS, Hwang UJ, Chung KS, Yi CH, Choi WJ, Kwon OY. Influence of strength and balance ability on functional performance in the involved and uninvolved sides after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:407-417. [PMID: 37899053 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The restoration and management of the uninvolved side have been emphasized to prevent a second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to ensure that athletes return to sports after ACL reconstruction. OBJECTIVE To determine the factors influencing the single leg hop test (SLHT) and single leg vertical jump test (SLVJT) at 1 year postoperatively after ACL reconstruction in both the involved and uninvolved sides. METHODS Ninety-four patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were assessed at 1 year postoperatively. Multiple regression models included eight independent variables with two dependent variables (SLHT and SLVJT.), each on the involved and uninvolved side. RESULTS On the involved side, the Y balance test (YBT), extensor peak torque per body weight (PT/BW), Biodex balance system anteroposterior index (BBS-API), and sex accounted for 53.9% of the variance in SLHT (P= 0.002), and extensor PT/BW and YBT accounted for 26.3% of the variance in SLVJT (P= 0.027). On the uninvolved side, YBT, sex, age, BBS-API, and flexor PT/BW accounted for 47.0% of the variance in SLHT (P= 0.046), and flexor PT/BW, YBT, and age accounted for 44.9% of the variance in SLVJT (P= 0.002). CONCLUSION Knee extensor strength on the involved side and flexor strength on the uninvolved side influence the two functional performance tests. The YBT was an important factor in the two functional performance tests in both sides. Anteroposterior stability was the only factor that influenced the SLHT bilaterally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ui Jae Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyu Sung Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Chung Hwi Yi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Woochol Joseph Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Oh Yun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Golberg E, Sommerfeldt M, Pinkoski A, Dennett L, Beaupre L. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Return-to-Sport Decision-Making: A Scoping Review. Sports Health 2024; 16:115-123. [PMID: 36707977 PMCID: PMC10732109 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221147524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Clinical guidelines support the use of testing batteries to assess athlete readiness for return to sport (RTS) and risk of reinjury after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACL-R). There is no consensus on the composition of the testing batteries. Test selection is based mainly on commonality in research, personal preference, and equipment availability. Including athletic performance assessments (APA) used in the athlete's sport may assist RTS decision-making for stakeholders. OBJECTIVE To determine whether APA for speed, agility, strength, or cardiovascular endurance are (1) used in ACL-R RTS literature and (2) indicative of RTS or reinjury rates. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. STUDY SELECTION Eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) athletes between 6 months and 2 years post-ACL-R, (2) commonly used APA, (3) peer-reviewed primary study with original published data. STUDY DESIGN Scoping Review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 17 studies included 24 instances of APA with a high degree of heterogeneity for both tests and protocols. RESULTS Agility makes up 75% of the APA. Only 17.6% of studies reported RTS or reinjury rates, none of which reported a significant relationship between these rates and APA outcomes. CONCLUSION Speed, strength, and cardiovascular endurance tests are underrepresented in ACL-R RTS literature. Compared with healthy controls, deficits in APA results for ACL-R athletes were common; however, many studies reported significant improvements in results for ACL-R athletes over time. There is some evidence that well-trained ACL-R athletes can match the performance of uninjured athletes in high-level sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Golberg
- Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mark Sommerfeldt
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adam Pinkoski
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Liz Dennett
- Scott Health Sciences Library, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lauren Beaupre
- Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al-Gburi M, Kristiansen JB, Christensen KB, Krogsgaard MR. Functional performance tests, clinical measurements, and patient-reported outcome measures do not correlate as outcomes 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:5905-5912. [PMID: 37947829 PMCID: PMC10719130 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The results after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are evaluated by laxity measures, functional tests, and patients' perception by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). It is not known, if one of these evaluation instruments is representative or if outcome scores from all must be reported to obtain a full evaluation of the condition. The aim was to study the correlations between these three types of outcomes 1 year after primary ACLR. METHOD All adult patients (range 18-45 years) who had an ACLR between 1.1.2019 and 31.12.2021 were offered 1-year follow-up by an independent observer. Preoperative information about knee laxity and peroperative information about the condition of menisci and cartilage were registered. At 1-year follow-up clinical and instrumented knee stability and function assessed by four different hop tests were registered. Patients completed four PROMs (the Subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, the Knee Numeric-Entity Evaluation Score (KNEES-ACL), the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the Lysholm score) and Tegner activity scale and answered anchor questions regarding satisfaction and willingness to repeat the operation. RESULTS A total of 190 adults attended the 1-year follow-up and 151 had all assessments. There were only a few positive and weak correlations between performance tests and PROMS and between clinical measurements and PROMS (r = 0.00-0.38), and the majority were of negligible strength. Tegner score had in general the highest correlation (low to moderate). The highest correlation was 0.53 (moderate) between the anchor question about patient satisfaction and Lysholm/IKDC scores. There was no difference in the correlations depending on meniscal condition. CONCLUSIONS In ACLR patients there was no clinically relevant correlation between scores obtained by PROMs, a battery of functional performance tests and instrumented laxity of the knee at 1-year follow-up. Therefore, one type of outcome cannot represent the others. This is an argument for always to include and report all three types of outcomes, and conclusions based on one type of outcome may not be sufficient. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Al-Gburi
- Sections for Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- Department of Physiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- Section for Biostatistics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Bredahl Kristiansen
- Sections for Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Section for Biostatistics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Karl Bang Christensen
- Sections for Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Section for Biostatistics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Michael Rindom Krogsgaard
- Sections for Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Section for Biostatistics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zarro M, Dickman M, Hulett T, Rowland R, Larkins D, Taylor J, Nelson C. Hop to It! The Relationship Between Hop Tests and The Anterior Cruciate Ligament - Return to Sport Index After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in NCAA Division 1 Collegiate Athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:1076-1084. [PMID: 37795334 PMCID: PMC10547069 DOI: 10.26603/001c.86130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may not be optimal, with poor physical and psychological function potentially affecting return to sport (RTS) ability. Understanding the relationship between commonly used hop tests and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament - Return to Sport Index (ACL-RSI) may improve rehabilitation strategies and optimize patient outcomes. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ACL-RSI scores and limb symmetry index (LSI) for the single hop for distance (SHD), triple hop for distance (THD), crossover hop for distance (CHD), timed 6-meter hop (T6H), and single leg vertical hop (SLVH) in a cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes after ACLR. The hypothesis was that SLVH LSI would be more highly correlated with ACL-RSI score than all horizontal hop tests. Study design Cross-Sectional Study. Methods Twenty-one National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes (7 males, 14 females) at 6.62 ± 1.69 months after ACLR were included in this retrospective study. Primary outcomes were ACL-RSI score and LSI for SHD, THD, CHD, T6H, and SLVH. The relationship between ACL-RSI scores and performance on hop tests (LSIs) was evaluated using correlation analysis and step-wise linear regression (p ≤ 0.05). Results There were significant correlations found when comparing ACL-RSI and the LSI for SHD (rs = 0.704, p < 0.001), THD (rs = 0.617, p = 0.003), CHD (rs = 0.580, p = 0.006), and SLVH (rs = 0.582, p = 0.006). The CHD explained 66% (R2 value of 0.660) of the variance in the ACL-RSI, while the other hop tests did not add to the predictive model. Conclusions Physical function has the capacity to influence psychological status after ACLR. Clinicians should recognize that SLVH, SHD, THD, and CHD are correlated with ACL-RSI and improvements in physical function during rehabilitation may improve psychological status and optimize RTS after ACLR. Level of evidence Level 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zarro
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of Maryland, Baltimore
- Orthopaedics University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Madelyn Dickman
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Timothy Hulett
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Robert Rowland
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of Maryland, Baltimore
- Orthopaedics University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Derrick Larkins
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kazemnejad A, Asosheh A, Moezy A, Abasi A. Therapy-based expert system on function and postural stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a pilot study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:617. [PMID: 37516871 PMCID: PMC10386671 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Wii Fit exergames have been less commonly used for the rehabilitation of athletes after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR). This study aims to investigate the effects of an expert system using Wii Fit exergames compared to conventional rehabilitation following ACLR. A forward-chaining rule-based expert system was developed which proposed a rehabilitation program that included the number and type of exercise in terms of difficulty and ease and the duration of each exercise in a progressive manner according to the patient's physical condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty eligible athletes aged 20-30 who underwent ACLR were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to two groups; and received 12 sessions of either Wii Fit exergames as Wii group (n = 10) or conventional rehabilitation as CL group (n = 10). RESULTS The main outcomes consisted of pain (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)), knee effusion, knee flexion range (KFR), thigh girth (TG), single-leg hop for distance (SLHD), and for time (SLHT), static and dynamic balance tests. Both groups had considerable improvement in all outcomes, also there were significantly differences between Wii and CL groups as follows; VAS (P < 0.001), knee effusion (P < 0.001), TG (P = 0.001), KFR (P = 0.012), static balance in stable position (P < 0.001) and in unstable position (P = 0.001), dynamic balance in the anterior (P < 0.001), posteromedial (P < 0.001), posterolateral (P = 0.004) directions, symmetry index of SLHD (P < 0.001) and symmetry index of SLHT (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that using Wii Fit exergames in post-ACLR patients reduced pain and effusion while also improving function and balance significantly. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registration number is IRCT20191013045090N1, and the registration date is 03-03-2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Asosheh
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Moezy
- Department of Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-E Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Abasi
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Legnani C, Del Re M, Peretti GM, Macchi V, Borgo E, Ventura A. Drop Jump Performance Improves One Year Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Sportsmen Irrespectively of Psychological Patient Reported Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5080. [PMID: 36981988 PMCID: PMC10049645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our study aims to prospectively report the functional outcomes of 31 sportsmen following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, up to 12 months after surgery, with regards to subjective tests and drop jump performance, and to investigate the correlations between these variables, to be used for determining the return to sports after ACL reconstruction. Lysholm score, Tegner activity level, and the ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale were evaluated preoperatively, at 6 months, and at 12 months after surgery. Drop vertical jump was recorded using an infrared optical acquisition system. Lysholm and ACL-RSI scores significantly improved at the 12-month follow-up compared to the baseline and 6-month evaluations (p < 0.001). Concerning Tegner activity level, no statistically significant differences were reported between pre- and post-operative status (p = 0.179). Drop jump limb symmetry index significantly improved at 12 months, with the mean value improving from 76.6% (SD: 32,4) pre-operatively to 90.2% (SD: 14.7; p < 0.001) at follow-up. Scarce positive correlation was reported between the ability to perform drop jumps and activity level in athletes one year after ACL reconstruction. In addition, subjective knee score and psychological readiness were not related to jumping performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Legnani
- Sport Traumatology and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Del Re
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M. Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Macchi
- Sport Traumatology and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Borgo
- Sport Traumatology and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Ventura
- Sport Traumatology and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uhlár Á, Ambrus M, Lacza Z. Dynamic valgus knee revealed with single leg jump tests in soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:461-470. [PMID: 36861880 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic valgus knee occurs in sports that involve jumps and landing such as soccer and pose an increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Visual estimation is biased by the athlete's body type, the experience of the evaluator and the movement phase at which the valgus is assessed - thus the result is highly variable. The aim of our study was to accurately assess dynamic knee positions during single and double leg tests through a video-based movement analysis system. METHODS Young soccer players (U15, N.=22) performed single leg squat, single leg jump, and double leg jump tests while the knee medio-lateral movement was monitored with a Kinect Azure camera. Jumping and landing phases of the movement were determined within the continuous recording of the knee medio-lateral position over the ankle and the hip vertical position. Kinect measurements were validated by Optojump (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). RESULTS Soccer players retained their predominantly varus knee positions in all phases of double-leg jumps, which was far less prominent in single leg tests. Interestingly, a marked dynamic valgus was observed in athletes who participated in traditional strengthening exercises, while this valgus shift was mostly prevented in those who participated in antivalgus training regimes. All these differences were only revealed during single leg tests, while the double leg jump tests masked all valgus tendencies. CONCLUSIONS We propose to use single-leg tests and movement analysis systems for evaluating dynamic valgus knee in athletes. These methods can reveal valgus tendencies even in soccer players who have a characteristic varus knee while standing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Uhlár
- Research Center for Sports Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary -
| | - Mira Ambrus
- Research Center for Sports Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Research Center for Sports Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Perelli S, Gelber PE, Morales-Avalos R, Ronco S, Torres-Claramunt R, Espregueira-Mendes J, Monllau JC. Isolated lateral extra-articular tenodesis in ACL-deficient knees: in vivo knee kinematics and clinical outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023:10.1007/s00167-023-07344-9. [PMID: 36810948 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To carry out an in vivo kinematic analysis of isolated modified Lemaire lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) to explore its ability to modify the stability of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees. The secondary aim was to look at the clinical outcomes of the isolated LET to analyze whether biomechanical changes have an influence on clinical improvement or not. METHODS A total of 52 patients who underwent an isolated modified Lemaire LET were prospectively studied. Twenty-two were over 55-year-old patients with ACL rupture and subjective instability (group 1). They were followed up for 2 years postoperatively. Thirty were patients underwent a two-stage ACL revision (group 2). They were followed up for 4 months postoperatively (up to the second stage of the ACL revision). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative kinematic analyses were carried out using the KiRA accelerometer and KT1000 arthrometer to look for residual anterolateral rotational instability and residual anteroposterior instability. Functional outcomes were measured with the single-leg vertical jump test (SLVJT) and the single-leg hop test (SLHT). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the IKDC 2000, Lysholm, and Tegner scores. RESULTS A significant reduction of both rotational and anteroposterior instability was detected. It was present both with the patient under anesthesia (p < 0.001 and p = 0.007 respectively) as well as with the patient awake (p = 0.008 and p = 0.018 respectively). Postoperative analysis of knee laxity did not show any significant variation from the first to the last follow-up. Both the SLVJT and SLHT improved significantly at the last follow-up (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011 respectively). The mean values of both the IKDC and Lysholm and Tegner scores showed an improvement (p = 0.008; p = 0.012; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The modified Lemaire LET improves the kinematics of ACL-deficient knees. The improvement in the kinematics leads to an improvement in subjective stability as well as in the function of the knee and in the clinical outcomes. At the 2-year follow-up, these improvements were maintained in a cohort of patients over 55 years. Following our findings, to reduce knee instability, an isolated LET in ACL-deficient knees may be used when ACL reconstruction in patients over 55 years is not indicated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perelli
- Department of Surgery and Morphologic Science, Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. .,Knee and Arthroscopy Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia I Medicina de L'Esport (I.C.A.T.M.E.), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Eduardo Gelber
- Knee and Arthroscopy Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia I Medicina de L'Esport (I.C.A.T.M.E.), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Morales-Avalos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Knee UnitSchool of Medicine and University Hospital "DrJosé Eleuterio González", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Sergio Ronco
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department, E. Agnelli Hospital, Pinerolo, (Turin), Italy
| | - Raul Torres-Claramunt
- Department of Surgery and Morphologic Science, Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Knee and Arthroscopy Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia I Medicina de L'Esport (I.C.A.T.M.E.), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica Espregueira FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joan Carles Monllau
- Department of Surgery and Morphologic Science, Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Knee and Arthroscopy Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia I Medicina de L'Esport (I.C.A.T.M.E.), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim JG, Lee DW, Bae KC, Choi BC, Yang SJ, Cho SI, Kim DH. Correlation of Y Balance with Clinical Scores and Functional Tests after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Young and Middle-Aged Patients. Clin Orthop Surg 2023; 15:50-58. [PMID: 36778986 PMCID: PMC9880508 DOI: 10.4055/cios21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Criteria for return to sports (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have been extensively studied. But there is no consensus among investigators regarding which factors are most important in determining a safe RTS. Methods Sixty-one patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were included. Subjective knee scoring systems (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score and Lysholm score), functional performance tests (carioca test and single-leg hop for distance [SLHD] test), and isokinetic knee strength test were used for assessment and analyzed for association with the limb symmetry index (LSI) of the Y-balance test for lower quarter (YBT-LQ). Results The LSI of the YBT-LQ was significantly correlated with Lysholm score, IKDC score, Carioca, LSI for the SLHD, and extensor strength deficit at 6 months after ACL reconstruction. At 12 months, Lysholm score, IKDC score, LSI for the SLHD, and extensor strength deficit were significantly correlated with the LSI of the YBT-LQ. Conclusions The YBT-LQ test could be used conveniently as an additional tool to assess the patient's functional performance results after ACL reconstruction in outpatient clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Goo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Center, Myungji Hospital, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dhong-Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Cheor Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung-Chan Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Yang
- Department of Health and Exercise, Tongwon University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Ik Cho
- Sports Medical Center, KonKuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Du-Han Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Warming S, Herzog RB, Lundgaard-Nielsen M, Rathcke MW, Krogsgaard MR. No correlation between performance tests, clinical measurements and data from patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) in children reconstructed for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 31:2386-2393. [PMID: 36149469 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), functional tests and clinical measures correlate well in children after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). It was hypothesized that these outcomes correlate, so it is sufficient to report only one of them. METHODS A consecutive group of children (< 16 years old) who had an ACL reconstruction, were prospectively followed and assessed after 1-year with Pedi-IKDC and KOOS-Child, instrumented laxity measurement, range of motion, extension strength and four performance tests. Relations between the different outcomes were calculated by partial correlation coefficient analysis, controlling for gender, age, height, and weight. RESULTS Outcomes were available for 141 of 163 children. There were only few positive and weak correlations between performance tests and PROM scores and between clinical measurements and PROM scores. There were weak to strong correlations between the scores from Pedi-IKDC and the scores from each of the five domains of KOOS-Child and a weak to moderate correlation between the different domains of KOOS-Child. Similar correlations were found between the different performance tests. CONCLUSION For children who had their ACL reconstructed there was no clinically important correlation between scores obtained by PROMs, a battery of functional performance tests and instrumented laxity of the knee at 1-year follow-up. This is an argument for always to include and report all three types of outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Warming
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Robert Bennike Herzog
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Lundgaard-Nielsen
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin Wyman Rathcke
- Section for Sports Traumatology M51, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Rindom Krogsgaard
- Section for Sports Traumatology M51, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Urhausen AP, Berg B, Øiestad BE, Whittaker JL, Culvenor AG, Crossley KM, Juhl CB, Risberg MA. Measurement properties for muscle strength tests following anterior cruciate ligament and/or meniscus injury: What tests to use and where do we need to go? A systematic review with meta-analyses for the OPTIKNEE consensus. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1422-1431. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesCritically appraise and summarise the measurement properties of knee muscle strength tests after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or meniscus injury using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments Risk of Bias checklist.DesignSystematic review with meta-analyses. The modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-guided assessment of evidence quality.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTSDiscus searched from inception to 5 May 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies evaluating knee extensor or flexor strength test reliability, measurement error, validity, responsiveness or interpretability in individuals with ACL and/or meniscus injuries with a mean injury age of ≤30 years.ResultsThirty-six studies were included involving 31 different muscle strength tests (mode and equipment) in individuals following an ACL injury and/or an isolated meniscus injury. Strength tests were assessed for reliability (n=8), measurement error (n=7), construct validity (n=27) and criterion validity (n=7). Isokinetic concentric extensor and flexor strength tests were the best rated with sufficient intrarater reliability (very low evidence quality) and construct validity (moderate evidence quality). Isotonic extensor and flexor strength tests showed sufficient criterion validity, while isometric extensor strength tests had insufficient construct and criterion validity (high evidence quality).ConclusionKnee extensor and flexor strength tests of individuals with ACL and/or meniscus injury lack evidence supporting their measurement properties. There is an urgent need for high-quality studies on these measurement properties. Until then, isokinetic concentric strength tests are most recommended, with isotonic strength tests a good alternative.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hirohata K, Aizawa J, Ohmi T, Ohji S, Mitomo S, Ohara T, Koga H, Yagishita K, Jinno T, Okawa A. Reactive strength index during single-limb vertical continuous jumps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:150. [PMID: 35918729 PMCID: PMC9344617 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of the reactive strength index (RSI) during single-limb vertical continuous jumps (SVCJs) with single-limb hop tests in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to confirm the measurement properties of the RSI during SVCJs in athletes with ACLR at the phase of determining the timing of their return to sport. METHODS RSI during SVCJs and single-limb hop (single, triple, and crossover) tests were measured for post-ACLR and healthy athletes. The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated using the measurements of each parameter. For each test, patients were divided into two subgroups according to their LSI score (≥ 90%, satisfactory; < 90%, unsatisfactory). Fisher's exact test was used to examine the association of single-limb hop tests with RSI during the SVCJs. RESULTS A total of 21 post-ACLR and 17 healthy athletes completed all the tests. RSI during SVCJs was significantly lower on the involved limb than on the uninvolved limb in post-ACLR athletes (P < 0.001). The LSI of RSI during SVCJs of post-ACLR athletes was significantly lower than that of the healthy athletes (P < 0.01). Among the post-ACLR athletes, < 30% of those with LSIs > 90% in the single-limb hop tests had an LSI > 90% of the RSI during SVCJs. CONCLUSIONS RSI during SVCJs of post-ACLR athletes was significantly lower on the involved limb than on the uninvolved limb, and the asymmetry was more remarkable in the SVCJs than in the single-limb hop tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hirohata
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Junya Aizawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohmi
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohji
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sho Mitomo
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohara
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Jinno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Berg B, Urhausen AP, Øiestad BE, Whittaker JL, Culvenor AG, Roos EM, Crossley KM, Juhl CB, Risberg MA. What tests should be used to assess functional performance in youth and young adults following anterior cruciate ligament or meniscal injury? A systematic review of measurement properties for the OPTIKNEE consensus. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1454-1464. [PMID: 35697502 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To critically appraise and summarise measurement properties of functional performance tests in individuals following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or meniscal injury. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Systematic searches were performed in Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO) and SPORTSDiscus (EBSCO) on 7 July 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies evaluating at least one measurement property of a functional performance test including individuals following an ACL tear or meniscal injury with a mean injury age of ≤30 years. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments Risk of Bias checklist was used to assess methodological quality. A modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessed evidence quality. RESULTS Thirty studies evaluating 26 functional performance tests following ACL injury were included. No studies were found in individuals with an isolated meniscal injury. Included studies evaluated reliability (n=5), measurement error (n=3), construct validity (n=26), structural validity (n=1) and responsiveness (n=1). The Single Leg Hop and Crossover Hop tests showed sufficient intrarater reliability (high and moderate quality evidence, respectively), construct validity (low-quality and moderate-quality evidence, respectively) and responsiveness (low-quality evidence). CONCLUSION Frequently used functional performance tests for individuals with ACL or meniscal injury lack evidence supporting their measurement properties. The Single Leg Hop and Crossover Hop are currently the most promising tests following ACL injury. High-quality studies are required to facilitate stronger recommendations of performance-based outcomes following ACL or meniscal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørnar Berg
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anouk P Urhausen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jackie L Whittaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Arthritis Research Centre, Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adam G Culvenor
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ewa M Roos
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carsten B Juhl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - May Arna Risberg
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Perelli S, Morales-Avalos R, Formagnana M, Rojas-Castillo G, Serrancolí G, Monllau JC. Lateral extraarticular tenodesis improves stability in non-anatomic ACL reconstructed knees: in vivo kinematic analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:1958-1966. [PMID: 35091787 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To carry out an in vivo kinematic analysis to determine whether adding a lateral extraarticular tenodesis (LET) for those patients with subjective instability and objective residual laxity after a transtibial (TT) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) reduces anteroposterior and rotational laxity and to evaluate the 2-year follow-up clinical outcomes to analyze whether biomechanical changes determine clinical improvement or not. METHODS A total of 19 patients with residual knee instability after TT ACLR who underwent a modified Lemaire LET were prospectively evaluated for at least 2-year follow-up. Preoperative, intraoperative, and 6 and 24-month postoperative kinematic analyses were carried out using the KiRA accelerometer and KT1000 arthrometer to look for residual anterolateral rotational instability and residual anteroposterior instability. Functional outcomes were measured with the single-leg vertical jump test and the single-leg hop test. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the IKDC 2000, Lysholm, and Tegner scores. RESULTS A significant reduction in anterolateral rotational instability was detected with the patient under anesthesia (from 3 ± 1.2 to 1.1 ± 1.1 m/s2; p < 0.05) as well as with the patient awake (from 2.1 ± 0.8 to 0.7 ± 1.4 m/s2; p < 0.05). A significant reduction in anteroposterior instability was only present under anesthesia (from 3.4 ± 1.9 to 2.1 ± 1.1 mm; p < 0.05), while no difference was present without anesthesia (from 2.3 ± 1.1 to 1.6 ± 1 mm; n.s.). Postoperative analysis of knee laxity did not show any significant variation from the first to the last follow-up. Both the single-leg vertical jump test and single-leg hop test improved significantly at the last follow-up (both p < 0.05). The mean values of both the IKDC and Tegner scores showed an improvement (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas that was not the case with the Lysholm score (n.s.). CONCLUSIONS The modified Lemaire LET can improve the kinematics of a non-anatomic ACL reconstructed knee with residual subjective and objective instability. These kinematic changes were able to lead to an improvement in subjective stability as well as the function of the knee in a small cohort of recreationally active patients. At 2-year follow-up, the kinematic changes as well as the level of activity of the patients and the IKDC score show their improvement sustained. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perelli
- Institut Català de Traumatologia I Medicina de L'Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Morphologic Science, Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Morales-Avalos
- Institut Català de Traumatologia I Medicina de L'Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University Hospital "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico. .,Knee Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University Hospital "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (U.A.N.L.), 4th Floor, Central Building of the University Hospital, Av. Francisco I. Madero and Av. Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño, s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Mario Formagnana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Nuovo Ospedale Degli Infermi, Biella, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Rojas-Castillo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Talca Regional Hospital, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Gil Serrancolí
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Monllau
- Institut Català de Traumatologia I Medicina de L'Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Morphologic Science, Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee DW, Lee DR, Kim MA, Cho SI, Lee JK, Kim JG. Patients with advanced lateral osteoarthritis can return to sports and work after distraction arthroplasty plus lateral meniscal allograft transplantation combined with cartilage repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:1990-2002. [PMID: 35165755 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to report return to sports (RTS) and return to work (RTW) outcomes after distraction arthroplasty (DA) plus lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) combined with cartilage repair in active patients with advanced osteoarthritis. It was hypothesised that DA combined with lateral MAT would improve clinical and radiological outcomes and enable RTS and RTW for most patients. METHODS In total, 21 patients with advanced osteoarthritis (moderate to severe joint space narrowing at lateral edge on Rosenberg view and large cartilage defect of lateral femoral condyle) who underwent concomitant DA and MAT were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using subjective knee scores [Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score, and Tegner activity scale (TAS)] and functional tests (isokinetic extensor muscle strength test, single-leg vertical jump test, and single-leg hop for distance test). The rates of RTS, RTW, and satisfaction were evaluated. Radiological outcomes were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray (Rosenberg view). RESULTS The mean age at surgery and mean follow-up duration were 37.2 ± 5.9 years and 37.1 ± 5.4 months, respectively. All improvements in subjective scores were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The Lysholm score improved from 58.3 ± 8.1 to 84.3 ± 8.2, the IKDC subjective score from 53.9 ± 10.4 to 78.0 ± 7.7, and the TAS from 4.0 ± 0.5 to 5.1 ± 0.8. The limb symmetry index (LSI) (%) of the extensor peak torque at an angular velocity of 60°/s improved from 67.3 ± 19.2 to 88.4 ± 20.3% (p = 0.001). The LSI of the single-leg vertical jump test and single-leg hop for distance test improved from 62.8 ± 21.3 to 87.7 ± 19.5% and from 63.9 ± 20.8 to 85.5 ± 18.1%, respectively (all, p < 0.001). All patients were able to return to any sports activity and work. However, 67% and 90.5% returned to their defined or desired level of sports activity and occupation intensity, respectively. Further, 76.2% were very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with the outcome at the last follow-up. The JSW increased by 0.8 ± 0.4 to 2.3 ± 0.6 mm (p = 0.005). In more than 90% of patients, > 50% of cartilage lesion was covered. The mean graft extrusion was 2.6 ± 1.0 mm. CONCLUSION All patients who underwent distraction arthroplasty plus lateral MAT combined with cartilage repair returned to any sports and work at the last follow-up. Significant improvements in clinical outcomes and the radiographic joint space width were observed. However, the activity ability was somewhat reduced compared with the best preoperative level. This one-stage joint salvage treatment is a promising option for young and active patients with advanced OA who wish to return to high levels of sports activity and occupation intensity (≥ Tegner activity scale 4). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhong Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ryun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ah Kim
- Sports Medical Center, HanYang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung Ik Cho
- Sports Medical Center, KonKuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kyu Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Goo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HanYang University Myongji Hospital, 55, Hwasu-ro 14 beon-gil, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10475, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kurz E, Schwesig R, Pröger S, Delank KS, Bartels T. Foot tapping and unilateral vertical jump performance in athletes after knee surgery: an explorative cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:34. [PMID: 35241147 PMCID: PMC8896086 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Guiding athletes through the rehabilitation process and judging the time at which return to sports can be enabled after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are still challenging processes. The purpose of this explorative cross-sectional study was to retrospectively compare unilateral vertical jump as well as vertical foot tapping outcomes in athletes returned to sports after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with uninjured athletes. Methods Seven-teen ACLR athletes (male/female: 12/5) were examined 11 (6–23) months after their ACL injury and after return to sport clearance together with 67 uninjured athletes (male/female: 51/16). Seventeen age and stature matched controls were selected from the sample of uninjured athletes. Participants unilaterally performed acyclic (squat jump, SJ; drop jump, DJ) and cyclic (foot tapping, FT) tests. SJ peak power, DJ take-off efficiency (TOE) and FT coefficients (FTC) were compared between ACLR and matched as well as unmatched control groups. Limb symmetry index (LSI) as well as performance score were calculated. Results Analyses of the SJ peak power revealed moderate effects of group (right: P < 0.09, ηp2 = 0.06; left: P < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.08). The TOE was largely affected by group (right: P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.12; left: P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.13). No effect of group was found on the FTC (P > 0.8, ηp2 < 0.01). The SJ peak power LSI (r = 0.46, P < 0.07) and TOE LSI (r = 0.38, P = 0.13) were positively associated with the performance score of the ACLR group. Conclusion Although already returned to sports, the ACLR group underperformed the matched and unmatched control groups significantly. Unilaterally performed vertical jumps may provide additional information on athletes’ rehabilitation progress and help to manage the rehabilitation process and decisions on potential readiness after ACLR. More attention should be paid to the direction of the LSI results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Kurz
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Pröger
- Joint Surgery Center, Sports Clinic Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karl-Stefan Delank
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Bartels
- Joint Surgery Center, Sports Clinic Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Welling W, Frik L. On-Field Tests for Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Scoping Review. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671211055481. [PMID: 35005045 PMCID: PMC8727834 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211055481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), a patient’s physical capacities, such as (repeated) sprint performance, agility performance, and intermittent endurance performance, are often reduced because of detraining effects. Monitoring the progression of these physical capacities is essential for specific training goals before patients return to complex team sports. Purpose: To map the existing literature regarding on-field tests for (repeated) sprint performance, agility performance, and intermittent endurance performance in patients after ACLR. Study Design: Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A search was performed in 4 electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for scoping reviews. Results: There were 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria and described a total of 14 on-field tests for patients after ACLR. Overall, 2 tests were described for sprint performance, 11 tests were related to agility performance, and 1 test was performed for intermittent endurance performance. Conclusion: The results of this scoping review provide an overview of on-field tests to monitor sport-specific progression and to set performance-specific training goals for patients after ACLR before returning to complex team sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Welling
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Medisch Centrum Zuid, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens Frik
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Frix Fysiotherapie, Elburg, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Farmer B, Anderson D, Katsavelis D, Bagwell JJ, Turman KA, Grindstaff TL. Limb preference impacts single-leg forward hop limb symmetry index values following ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:200-207. [PMID: 33934379 PMCID: PMC8560653 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction limb dominance for performing tasks is not considered when making rehabilitation progression decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine if strength and functional outcomes differ between individuals who injured their preferred or nonpreferred jumping limb and to determine if these same outcomes differ between individuals who injured their preferred or nonpreferred limb used to kick a ball. A secondary purpose was to determine the association of quadriceps strength and single-leg forward hop performance with patient self-reported function. Forty individuals with ACL reconstruction (age = 20.0 ± 4.6 years, height = 174.2 ± 12.7 cm, mass = 71.2 ± 12.7 kg, time since surgery = 5.3 ± 0.8 months) were included in the study. Primary outcome measures included, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC) scores, quadriceps limb symmetry index (LSI) values, and single-leg forward hop LSI values. Limb preference was defined two ways, kicking a ball and performing a unilateral jump. There were no significant differences between groups based on injury to the preferred limb to kick a ball for any of the outcome variables. Individuals who injured their nonpreferred jumping limb demonstrated significantly (p = 0.05, d = 0.77) lower single-leg forward hop LSI values (81.1% ± 19.5%) compared to individuals who injured their preferred jumping limb (94.1% ± 12.6%), but demonstrated no differences in IKDC scores or quadriceps LSI values. Quadriceps LSI and single-leg forward hop LSI explained 73% of the variance in IKDC scores, but quadriceps LSI had the strongest association (r = 0.790). These findings suggests that limb preference influences single forward hop LSI values and should be considered following ACL reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Farmer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Dimitrios Katsavelis
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Bagwell
- Department of Physical Therapy, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Terry L. Grindstaff
- Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zarro MJ, Stitzlein MG, Lee JS, Rowland RW, Gray VL, Taylor JB, Meredith SJ, Packer JD, Nelson CM. Single-Leg Vertical Hop Test Detects Greater Limb Asymmetries Than Horizontal Hop Tests After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in NCAA Division 1 Collegiate Athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1405-1414. [PMID: 34909247 PMCID: PMC8637251 DOI: 10.26603/001c.29595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee function deficits may persist after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Return to sport (RTS) testing batteries assess recovery after ACLR and can guide RTS progression, but the ideal test components are debatable. The single leg vertical hop for height (SLVH) test using a commercially available jump mat may provide a valuable assessment of knee function. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the limb symmetry index (LSI) of SLVH to horizontal hop testing in a cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes after ACLR. The hypothesis was the SLVH would elicit significantly lower LSI than horizontal hop tests. STUDY DESIGN Cross-Sectional Study. METHODS Eighteen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes (7 males, 11 females) at 7.33 ± 2.05 months after ACLR were included in this retrospective study. LSI was calculated for single hop for distance (SHD), triple hop for distance (THD), cross-over hop for distance (CHD), timed 6-meter hop (T6H), and SLVH. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to identify differences in LSI for each test. Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationship between LSIs for each test. RESULTS The LSI for SLVH (84.48% ± 11.41%) was significantly lower than LSI for SHD (95.48 ± 8.02%, p = 0.003), THD (94.40 ± 3.70%, p = 0.002), CHD (95.85 ± 7.00, p = 0.007), and T6H (97.69 ± 6.60%, p = 0.001). The correlation of LSI between SLVH and the horizontal hop tests was weak and non-significant for SHD (rs = 0.166, p = 0.509), CHD (rs = 0.199, p = 0.428), and T6H (rs = 0.211, p = 0.401) and moderate and non-significant for THD (rs = 0.405, p = 0.096). CONCLUSIONS Individuals after ACLR had lower LSI on the SLVH than on horizontal hop tests and weak to moderate correlations between the tests suggest SLVH detects performance deficits not identified by the horizontal hop tests. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zarro
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Matthew G Stitzlein
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Jason S Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Robert W Rowland
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Vicki L Gray
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | | | - Sean J Meredith
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Jonathan D Packer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Christa M Nelson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
de Fontenay BP, van Cant J, Gokeler A, Roy JS. Reintroduction of running after ACL reconstruction with a hamstring graft: can we predict short-term success? J Athl Train 2021; 57:540-546. [PMID: 34623431 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0407.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Return to running (RTR) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) is a crucial milestone. However, there is uncertainty on how and when to start a running program. OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of a structured program to reintroduce running after ACL-R and to evaluate the predictive value of potential predictors of short-term success. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Local Research Center / participant's home. PATIENTS Thirty-five participants were recruited after ACL-R. INTERVENTION Program with a progression algorithm to reintroduce running (10 running sessions in 14 days). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The criterion for short-term success was no exacerbation of symptoms. Potential predictors included: (i) the International Knee Document Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form; (ii) ACL Return to Sport after Injury questionnaire; (iii) quadriceps and hamstring strength; (iv) Step-Down Endurance test; and (v) the modified Star Excursion Balance test. Descriptive statistics were performed to study the feasibility of the RTR program and Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors of success. RESULTS Of the 34 participants included, 33 completed the RTR program. Sixteen participants experienced some temporary exacerbation of symptoms, but only one had to stop the RTR program. Initial IKDC score was the only significant predictor of a successful RTR with an Area under the ROC curve of 80.4%. An ICKD cut-off of 63.7/100 differentiated responders and non-responders with the highest sensitivity and specificity (77.8% and 75.0%, respectively). There was a 3-fold greater chance of success with an IKDC score above this threshold. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the feasibility of our RTR program and progression algorithm after ACL-R. Clinicians should use an IKDC score of >64 as a criterion to reintroduce running after ACL-R to increase the likelihood of short-term success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Pairot de Fontenay
- 1 University of Lyon - University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424 - Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science
| | - Joachim van Cant
- 2 Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alli Gokeler
- 3 Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Exercise and Health, Faculty of Science, Paderborn University, Paderborn.,4 Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Science (LIROMS), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,5 Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sebastien Roy
- 6 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1M 2S8.,7 Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1R 1P5
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sullivan SW, Fleet NA, Brooks VA, Bido J, Nwachukwu BU, Brubaker PH. Comparison of Different Functional Tests for Leg Power and Normative Bilateral Asymmetry Index in Healthy Collegiate Athletes. Open Access J Sports Med 2021; 12:119-128. [PMID: 34393525 PMCID: PMC8354771 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s315162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bilateral leg power is being increasingly investigated as a proxy for the recovery of muscle performance after injury. Functional tests like the single leg hop for distance (SLHD) and single leg vertical jump (SLVJ) are often used to determine symmetry and return to play (RTP) readiness. As an injury predictor, leg power is accurately measured with the Keiser Air420 seated leg press. Purpose To measure and analyze lower leg asymmetry in healthy collegiate athletes across each test battery. Methods Eighty-eight healthy student-athletes (44 males, 44 females) across 14 varsity teams at Wake Forest University performed the SLHD, SLVJ, and the Keiser. Horizontal and vertical displacement were measured via the SLHD and SLVJ, respectively. Peak power was recorded via the Keiser Air420 leg press. Pearson correlations and repeated measures ANOVA were used to calculate associations and compare bilateral asymmetry indices (BAI) and raw scores. Results There was a significant effect on each test’s raw BAI (P < 0.01). The mean absolute BAI were 5.42 ± 4.9%, 6.64 ± 4.9% and 5.36 ± 4.7% for the SLHD, SLVJ and Keiser, respectively. The SLVJ and Keiser (dominant leg r = 0.832, nondominant leg r = 0.826) were more highly correlated than the SLHD and Keiser (dominant leg r = 0.645, nondominant leg r = 0.687), all of which were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion At the 90th percentile, healthy collegiate athletes attained <15% BAI. We recommend the implementation of a battery of tests to determine normative lower limb asymmetry. A battery of functional tests may present different asymmetry indices as opposed the 10% reference asymmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer W Sullivan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA.,Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Niles A Fleet
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Vanessa A Brooks
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Jennifer Bido
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Benedict U Nwachukwu
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Peter H Brubaker
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Neural Mobilization Short-Term Dose Effect on the Lower-Limb Flexibility and Performance in Basketball Athletes: A Randomized, Parallel, and Single-Blinded Study. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:1060-1066. [PMID: 34034229 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neural mobilization is commonly used in sports, and previous studies have suggested that it has a positive impact on lower-limb flexibility and performance. However, studies exploring the effect of neural mobilization dosage are almost nonexistent. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess whether 2 distinct dosages of neural gliding mobilization (4 and 8 sets of 10 repetitions) impact the flexibility and performance of both the mobilized and nonmobilized lower limb in basketball athletes differently. DESIGN Randomized, parallel, and single-blinded study. SETTING Amateur and professional basketball clubs. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-two basketball athletes (40 men and 12 women), who were distributed into 2 groups; one received 40 (n = 28) and the other 80 repetitions (n = 24) of neural gliding mobilization. INTERVENTION Neural gliding mobilization applied to a single limb (the dominant limb). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knee extension angle for hamstring flexibility; hop tests and single-leg vertical jump for performance. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of time (P < .001), a significant interaction between time and limb for flexibility (P = .003), and a significant interaction between time and limb for the single-leg hop test (P = .032). No other significant main effect for any of the remaining variables was found (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The application of both 40 repetitions and 80 of neural gliding significantly improved lower-limb flexibility, and one was not superior to the other. Neither one dosage nor the other positively or negatively impacted the lower-limb performance of basketball athletes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Roe C, Jacobs C, Hoch J, Johnson DL, Noehren B. Test Batteries After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2021; 14:205-215. [PMID: 33896240 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211009473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is a lack of consensus regarding test batteries for return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). OBJECTIVE To report the RTS test batteries for individuals after ACLR and to examine alignment with the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC). Finally, to examine how published RTS batteries prior to the AAOS AUC (2010-2015) compared with those after publication of the AUC (2016-2020). DATA SOURCE A systematic search of PubMed (2010-2020). STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they were published from 2010 to 2020, patients underwent primary ACLR and were tested between 6 months and 2 years postoperatively and included a minimum of 2 assessments. Studies were excluded if patients were tested outside the designated time; had undergone a revision, contralateral, or multiligament injury; included healthy participants; were level 5 evidence or the study was a systematic review. A total of 1012 articles were reviewed and 63 met the criteria. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION Information regarding the RTS batteries and patient demographics were extracted from the included articles. RESULTS A total of 63 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (22 from 2010-2015 and 41 from 2016-2020). The most common RTS batteries included the hop test, quadriceps strength test, and patient-reported outcome measures. No study met all 7 AUC; the most common criteria met were functional skills (98.4%), followed by confidence (22.2%), then range of motion and knee stability (20.6%). CONCLUSION The test batteries in the current literature show high variability and a lack of essential components necessary for RTS. No study met the AUC guidelines, suggesting a disconnect between recommended guidelines and clinical practice. Test battery research has expanded over the past decade; however, standardized, clinically applicable batteries that encompass all criteria are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey Roe
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Cale Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Johanna Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Darren L Johnson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Brian Noehren
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Davies WT, Myer GD, Read PJ. Is It Time We Better Understood the Tests We are Using for Return to Sport Decision Making Following ACL Reconstruction? A Critical Review of the Hop Tests. Sports Med 2021; 50:485-495. [PMID: 31745732 PMCID: PMC7018781 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been a move towards a criterion-based return to play in recent years, with 4 single-leg hop tests commonly used to assess functional performance. Despite their widespread integration, research indicates that relationships between ‘passing’ ‘hop test criteria and successful outcomes following rehabilitation are equivocal, and, therefore, require further investigation. This critical review includes key information to examine the evolution of these tests, their reliability, relationships with other constructs, and sensitivity to change over time. Recommendations for how measurement and administration of the tests can be improved are also discussed. The evidence presented in this review shows that hop tests display good reliability and are sensitive to change over time. However, the use of more than 2 hop tests does not appear to be necessary due to high collinearity and no greater sensitivity to detect abnormality. The inclusion of other hop tests in different planes may give greater information about the current function of the knee, particularly when measured over time using both relative and absolute measures of performance. It is recommended that the contralateral limb be tested prior to surgery for a more relevant benchmark for performance, and clinicians are strongly advised to measure movement quality, as hop distance alone appears to overestimate the recovery of the knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William T Davies
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Gregory D Myer
- Division of Sports Medicine, The SPORT Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Read
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ellington MD, Randich K, Garfin J, Archambault N, Roocroft J, Bastrom TP, Pennock AT, W Edmonds E. Interrater and Intrarater Reliability and Discriminant Validity of a Pediatric Lower Extremity Physical Therapy Clearance Test. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967120983827. [PMID: 33748298 PMCID: PMC7938390 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120983827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have validated when an athlete can safely return to sports, and even fewer have identified when he or she no longer requires physical therapy after surgery. Discontinuing physical therapy is often dictated by insurance restrictions, but most studies have suggested that the decision should be multifactorial, stemming from patient-derived subjective outcome questionnaires, clinical examination, and isokinetic and functional testing. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to establish discriminant validity and reliability of an objective physical therapy clearance (PTC) test in a clinical setting. The hypotheses were that the PTC test (1) will demonstrate different scores between normal and postoperative cohorts and (2) will have acceptable inter- and intraobserver reliability. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Four cohorts (27 total participants; age range, 12-18 years) underwent the PTC test: 9 adolescents 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 4 adolescents 6 weeks after partial meniscectomy, 5 adolescents with nonstructural knee pain, and 9 control/healthy participants without any lower extremity complaint. The PTC test included a dynamic warm-up, objective measures (knee range of motion, thigh girth, and muscle motor tone), functional strength tests (heel raises, single-leg dips, hop tests, tuck jumps), and agility tests (shuffle and sprint T-test). Each testing session was videotaped and scored live by the physical therapist administering the test, and then scored via the video recording by an independent physical therapist and 2 orthopaedic surgeons. Results: The PTC test was found to have discriminant validity between the control cohort and both cohorts with previous surgery. The single-leg dip, single-leg hop, and vertical tuck jump were the most discriminatory components. The PTC test had moderate to almost perfect intrarater reliability (κ = 0.57-1), but only fair to moderate interrater reliability among video graders (κ = 0.29-0.58) and slight to substantial reliability between video graders and the live PT rater (κ = 0.19-0.63). Conclusion: The PTC test was found to have moderate inter- and intraobserver agreement, with the ability to discriminate between postoperative and control patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Ellington
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Randich
- Pediatric Orthopedics & Scoliosis Center, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jessica Garfin
- Pediatric Orthopedics & Scoliosis Center, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nicole Archambault
- Pediatric Orthopedics & Scoliosis Center, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joanna Roocroft
- Pediatric Orthopedics & Scoliosis Center, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tracey P Bastrom
- Pediatric Orthopedics & Scoliosis Center, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Andrew T Pennock
- Pediatric Orthopedics & Scoliosis Center, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric W Edmonds
- Pediatric Orthopedics & Scoliosis Center, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Maestroni L, Read P, Bishop C, Turner A. Strength and Power Training in Rehabilitation: Underpinning Principles and Practical Strategies to Return Athletes to High Performance. Sports Med 2020; 50:239-252. [PMID: 31559567 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Injuries have a detrimental impact on team and individual athletic performance. Deficits in maximal strength, rate of force development (RFD), and reactive strength are commonly reported following several musculoskeletal injuries. This article first examines the available literature to identify common deficits in fundamental physical qualities following injury, specifically strength, rate of force development and reactive strength. Secondly, evidence-based strategies to target a resolution of these residual deficits will be discussed to reduce the risk of future injury. Examples to enhance practical application and training programmes have also been provided to show how these can be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maestroni
- Smuoviti, Viale Giulio Cesare, 29, 24121, Bergamo, BG, Italy.
- StudioErre, Via della Badia, 18, 25127, Brescia, BS, Italy.
| | - Paul Read
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, UK
| | - Anthony Turner
- London Sport Institute, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aquino CF, Ocarino JM, Cardoso VA, Resende RA, Souza TR, Rabelo LM, Fonseca ST. Current clinical practice and return-to-sport criteria after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a survey of Brazilian physical therapists. Braz J Phys Ther 2020; 25:242-250. [PMID: 32561136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to the use of recommended measures/criteria for return to sport clearance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is crucial for successful rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the current clinical practice of Brazilian physical therapists that treat patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, including the measures/criteria used to support the decision-making process regarding return to sport. The secondary aim was to investigate factors associated with the use of the most recommended measures/criteria for return to sport. METHODS An electronic survey questionnaire was sent to Brazilian physical therapists. The survey consisted of questions about demographics and professional and clinical practice data related to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction postoperative rehabilitation and return to sport criteria. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for analyses. RESULTS A sample of 439 professionals participated in the survey. Only 6.4% of the physical therapists use the most recommended measures/criteria for return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Professional certification in Sports Physical Therapy was the only factor associated with the use of these recommended measures/criteria (p=0.02). The measures most used for return to sport clearance were related to physical factors (65.3% to 75.1%), such as range of motion and muscle strength. A small number of professionals use questionnaires to assess functional (16.6%) and psychological (19.1%) aspects of their patients to support the decision-making process. CONCLUSION In their clinical practice, most Brazilian physical therapists do not use the recommended measures/criteria for return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ferreira Aquino
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil; Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo Ocarino
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Aparecida Cardoso
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renan Alves Resende
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thales Rezende Souza
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laís Menezes Rabelo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Teixeira Fonseca
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee DW, Kim JG, Kim HT, Cho SI. Evaluation of Anterolateral Ligament Healing After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:1078-1087. [PMID: 32176530 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520908805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have reported the healing process of anterolateral ligament (ALL) injuries. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS This study investigated the healing status of ALL injuries after primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Additionally, we investigated the association between the healing status of ALL injuries and associated lesions such as osseous lesions and meniscal tears occurring at the time of an ACL rupture. We hypothesized that acute ALL injuries show a high rate (more than two-thirds) of healing at the 1-year follow-up after ACLR and that concomitant lesions observed at the time of an ACL rupture affect the healing status of the ALL. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS We retrospectively investigated patients with ALL injuries who underwent primary ACLR between March 2015 and February 2017. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we evaluated the features of ALL injuries and concomitant lesions, and MRI was performed at the 1-year follow-up to assess the healing status of the ALL. We investigated the association between the healing status of the ALL and concomitant lesions observed at the time of an ACL rupture. A subjective assessment was performed using the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, and Tegner activity scale. Objective tests included an isokinetic strength assessment and functional performance testing. RESULTS With respect to the severity of ALL injuries, of 54 patients, a complete rupture occurred in 16 (29.6%) of the 54 patients and a partial rupture in 38 (70%). A significant association was observed between the severity of ALL injuries and bone contusions (lateral tibial plateau and medial tibial plateau [MTP]) and meniscus ramp lesions (Fisher exact test: P = .023, .012, and .023, respectively). Good and partial healing of the ALL occurred in 16 (29.6%) and 23 (42.6%) of 54 patients, respectively. Scar formation occurred in 12 (22.2%), and nonvisualization of the ALL was observed in 3 (5.6%) of 54 patients. Poor healing of the ALL was associated with preoperative MTP bone contusions and a high-grade pivot shift. Multivariate analysis showed that an MTP bone contusion was an independent risk factor associated with poor healing of the ALL. Among the functional tests performed, significant differences were observed between the good and poor healing groups with respect to the carioca test (P = .039). The good healing group (n = 16) showed a negative pivot shift at the last follow-up, whereas 5 (13.2%) of the patients from the poor healing group (n = 38) showed a positive pivot shift, including 2 (5.3%) with a high-grade pivot shift. CONCLUSION Approximately 70% of acute ALL injuries showed poor healing at the 1-year follow-up. Poor healing of ALL injuries was significantly associated with preoperative MTP bone contusions and a high-grade pivot shift. Therefore, a careful assessment of posteromedial bone contusions at the time of an ACL rupture is warranted, particularly in patients with a high-grade pivot shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhong Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ik Cho
- Sports Medical Center, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee DW, Kim JG. Anatomic medial complex reconstruction in serious medial knee instability results in excellent mid-term outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:725-732. [PMID: 30997548 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the mid-term outcomes of anatomic medial complex reconstruction in cases of serious medial knee instability. METHODS Between 2010 and 2013, 23 patients who underwent anatomic medial complex reconstruction with a minimum 5-year follow-up were included. The Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (IKDC SKF), and Tegner activity scale scores were evaluated. Clinical and functional tests included valgus and sagittal stress tests, isokinetic muscle strength test, single leg hop for distance test (SLDT), and single leg vertical jump test (SLVT). RESULTS The mean follow-up duration was 77.2 ± 10.8 months. At final follow-up, the Lysholm score improved from 49.7 ± 10.2 to 93.4 ± 12.4; the IKDC SKF score, from 46.2 ± 8.7 to 90.5 ± 13.9; and median Tegner activity, from 5 (4-7) to 7 (4-10) (P < 0.001). The mean side-to-side difference on valgus stress radiographs was significantly reduced to 1.2 ± 0.7 mm postoperatively compared to 8.5 ± 1.6 mm preoperatively (P < 0.001). The mean side-to-side differences on anterior and posterior stress radiographs were significantly improved in concomitant ACL and PCL reconstructions, respectively (P < 0.001). Preoperatively, 17 patients (73.9%) had anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI), but none had AMRI at the last follow-up. The extensor peak torque and Limb Symmetry Index (LSI, %) improved from 128.2 ± 42.9 to 225 ± 39.4 N m/kg and from 61.4 ± 19.6 to 88.7 ± 21.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). The LSI (%) for SLDT and SLVT improved from 56.8 ± 19.5 to 87.3 ± 14.2% and from 68.1 ± 21.1 to 91.1 ± 12.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). No patient had a restricted range of movement. CONCLUSION Although posteromedial corner injuries that need medial complex reconstruction are extremely rare, proper anatomic medial complex reconstruction of the medial collateral and posterior oblique ligaments achieved satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes at mid-term follow-up in cases with chronic symptomatic valgus and rotatory laxity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case series, level IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhong Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, 120-1, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Jin Goo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KonKuk University Medical Center, 120-1, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|