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Kim HM, Kang M, Jung YS, Lee YJ, Choi W, Yoo H, Kim J, An HJ. Effects of SKCPT on Osteoarthritis in Beagle Meniscectomy and Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14972. [PMID: 37834419 PMCID: PMC10573642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects >500 million people globally, and this number is expected to increase. OA management primarily focuses on symptom alleviation, using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including Celecoxib. However, such medication has serious side effects, emphasizing the need for disease-specific treatment. The meniscectomy and cranial cruciate ligament transection (CCLx)-treated beagle dog was used to investigate the efficacy of a modified-release formulation of SKI306X (SKCPT) from Clematis mandshurica, Prunella vulgaris, and Trichosanthes kirilowii in managing arthritis. SKCPT's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties have been assessed via stifle circumference, gait, incapacitance, histopathology, and ELISA tests. The different SKCPT concentrations and formulations also affected the outcome. SKCPT improved the gait, histopathological, and ELISA OA assessment parameters compared to the control group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases were significantly lower in the SKCPT-treated groups than in the control group. This study found that SKCPT reduces arthritic lesions and improves abnormal gait. The 300 mg modified-release formulation was more efficacious than others, suggesting a promising approach for managing OA symptoms and addressing disease pathogenesis. A high active ingredient level and a release pattern make this formulation effective for twice-daily arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minseok Kang
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo, Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.C.); (H.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Jung
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo, Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.C.); (H.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Yoon-Jung Lee
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo, Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.C.); (H.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Wonjae Choi
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo, Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.C.); (H.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Hunseung Yoo
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo, Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.C.); (H.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - JeongHoon Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo, Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-J.L.); (W.C.); (H.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Aghamohammadi D, Dolatkhah N, Bakhtiari F, Eslamian F, Hashemian M. Nutraceutical supplements in management of pain and disability in osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20892. [PMID: 33262447 PMCID: PMC7708648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study designed to evaluate the effect of nutraceutical supplementation on pain intensity and physical function in patients with knee/hip OA. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science direct, and ProQuest in addition to SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex were searched up to March 2020. Records (n = 465) were screened via the PICOS criteria: participants were patients with hip or knee OA; intervention was different nutritional supplements; comparator was any comparator; the outcome was pain intensity (Visual analogue scale [VAS]) and physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis [WOMAC] index); study type was randomized controlled trials. The random effects model was used to pool the calculated effect sizes. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcome changes was considered as the effect size. The random effects model was used to combine the effect sizes. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochran's (Q) and I2 statistics. A total of 42 RCTs were involved in the meta-analysis. Nutritional supplementation were found to improve total WOMAC index (SMD = - 0.23, 95% CI - 0.37 to - 0.08), WOMAC pain (SMD = - 0.36, 95% CI - 0.62 to - 0.10) and WOMAC stiffness (SMD = - 0.47, 95% CI - 0.71 to - 0.23) subscales and VAS (SMD = - 0.79, 95% CI - 1.05 to - 0.05). Results of subgroup analysis according to the supplementation duration showed that the pooled effect size in studies with < 10 months, 10-20 months and > 20 months supplementation duration were 0.05, 0.27, and 0.36, respectively for WOMAC total score, 0.14, 0.55 and 0.05, respectively for WOAMC pain subscale, 0.59, 0.47 and 0.41, respectively for WOMAC stiffness subscale, 0.05, 0.57 and 0.53, respectively for WOMAC physical function subscale and 0.65, 0.99 and 0.12, respectively for VAS pain. The result suggested that nutraceutical supplementation of patients with knee/hip OA may lead to an improvement in pain intensity and physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Aghamohammadi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Dolatkhah
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Emam Reza Hospital, Golgasht, Azadi Ave., Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Bakhtiari
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Emam Reza Hospital, Golgasht, Azadi Ave., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Eslamian
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Emam Reza Hospital, Golgasht, Azadi Ave., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemian
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Utica College, Utica, USA
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Kim D, Oh ES, Kim CO, Choi C, Chang MJ, Park MS. Effects of JOINS® on the pharmacokinetic profiles of aceclofenac in healthy Korean volunteers: an open-label, multiple-dose, one sequence, two-period study. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2016.24.4.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dasohm Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sil Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungam Choi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Ma E. Join or be excluded from biomedicine? JOINS and Post-colonial Korea. Anthropol Med 2015; 22:64-74. [DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2015.1004774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mobasheri A. Intersection of inflammation and herbal medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2013; 14:604-16. [PMID: 22987043 PMCID: PMC3481054 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-012-0288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbal remedies and dietary supplements have become an important area of research and clinical practice in orthopaedics and rheumatology. Understanding the risks and benefits of using herbal medicines in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatic diseases, and musculoskeletal complaints is a key priority of physicians and their patients. This review discusses the latest advances in the use of herbal medicines for treating osteoarthritis (OA) by focusing on the most significant trends and developments. This paper sets the scene by providing a brief introduction to ethnopharmacology, Ayurvedic medicine, and nutrigenomics before discussing the scientific and mechanistic rationale for targeting inflammatory signalling pathways in OA by use of herbal medicines. Special attention is drawn to the conceptual and practical difficulties associated with translating data from in-vitro experiments to in-vivo studies. Issues relating to the low bioavailability of active ingredients in herbal medicines are discussed, as also is the need for large-scale, randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Madikizela B, Ndhlala AR, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Ethnopharmacological study of plants from Pondoland used against diarrhoea. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:61-71. [PMID: 22338648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea are common world wide, including in Bizana, South Africa where the majority of rural dwellers depend largely on water from unprotected sources. The people from Bizana use medicinal plants as their first line of health care to cure and prevent diarrhoea. AIM OF THE STUDY To record and document plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Bizana, to evaluate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of selected plant extracts as well as to perform genotoxicity testing of evaluated plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical approach was used to select plants used for treating diarrhoea in Bizana for pharmacological assays using questionnaires. Nine plants were selected for bioassays based on their frequency index and the fact that they have never been evaluated against diarrhoea causing-microorganisms. The petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), 70% ethanol (EtOH), and water extracts were evaluated for antibacterial (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri) activity using the microdilution technique, their ability to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the Salmonella microsome assay. RESULTS This study revealed that 34 plant species belonging to 27 families are used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Bizana. The extracts showed good inhibitory activity with MIC values ranging from 0.39 to 12.5mg/ml. The best activity was exhibited by DCM extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos, and EtOH extracts of Ficus craterostoma and Maesa lanceolata with MIC values of 0.098mg/ml. The inhibitory activity against COX-1 enzyme was higher than COX-2, with 19 plant extracts for the former and 7 for the latter. All the tested plant extracts were not mutagenic at all concentrations tested against all tester strains of bacteria. CONCLUSION In view of the fact that the plants were selected based on their ethnobotanical usage for treating diarrhoea, the activities reported here goes a long way in validating the plants for traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Madikizela
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Seo PJ, Kim N, Kim JH, Lee BH, Nam RH, Lee HS, Park JH, Lee MK, Chang H, Jung HC, Song IS. Comparison of Indomethacin, Diclofenac and Aspirin-Induced Gastric Damage according to Age in Rats. Gut Liver 2012; 6:210-7. [PMID: 22570750 PMCID: PMC3343159 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Aging gastric mucosa is known to have decreased mucosal defenses and increased susceptibility to injury by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Depending on the type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), the underlying mechanisms and the extent of damage to the stomach or intestine may differ. This study was performed to evaluate the acute gastric damage caused by different doses of indomethacin, diclofenac and aspirin in rats of various ages. Methods For the acute models, indomethacin (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg), diclofenac (40 or 80 mg/kg) or aspirin (100 mg/kg) was given to 7- and 25-week-old and 1-year-old Sprague-Dawley rats by intragastric gavage. The gross ulcer index, damage area as assessed by imaging, histological index, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) levels were measured after 24 hours. Results The gross ulcer index and damage area increased with age in the presence of three NSAIDs (p<0.05). The increases in MPO levels induced by diclofenac and aspirin were significantly higher in 1-year-old than 7-week-old rats (p<0.05). cPLA2 expression induced by indomethacin (10 and 40 mg/kg) was greater in the 1-year-old rats, compared with 7-week-old rats (p<0.05). Conclusions NSAID-induced acute gastric damage increased in a dose- and age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyoung Ju Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Huh JE, Lee WI, Seo BK, Baek YH, Lee JD, Choi DY, Park DS. Gastroprotective and safety effects of WIN-34B, a novel treatment for osteoarthritis, compared to NSAIDs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1011-1017. [PMID: 21782922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried flowers of Lonicera japonica, also known as Japanese honeysuckle, and the dried root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, the component herbs of WIN-34B, are traditionally used in Eastern medicine to treat various inflammatory conditions including arthritis. OBJECTIVE To study the acute and chronic toxicities of WIN-34B and to compare its effects on gastric mucosa with those of diclofenac, a widely used NSAID, and celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate acute toxicity, we orally administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg WIN-34B to rats. To investigate chronic toxicity, we orally administered 500, 1000 or 2,000 mg/kg WIN-34B to rats daily for 13 weeks. To assess its effects on gastric mucosa, rats received either a single dose or repeated doses of WIN-34B (400, 1000, or 2,000 mg/kg), diclofenac (10, 40, or 80 mg/kg), celecoxib (100 or 1,000 mg/kg), or vehicle, after which samples of gastric mucosa were assessed grossly and histologically. We also measured tissue activity of myeloperoxidase and synthesis of eicosanoids, including prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)). To further assess its effects, we administered WIN-34B to rats either intraperitoneally or orally, measured gastric injury scores using a rat model of diclofenac-induced gastric injury, and measured eicosanoid synthesis. RESULTS WIN-34B showed no signs of acute or chronic toxicity in terms of general behavior, gross appearance of the internal organs, blood chemistry, or mortality. WIN-34B did not cause significant gastric mucosal damage after single or repeated doses. In contrast, diclofenac and celecoxib both caused gastric damage. In terms of eicosanoid synthesis, WIN-34B significantly suppressed LTB(4) synthesis while both diclofenac and celecoxib increased LTB(4) synthesis. WIN-34B slightly reduced PGE(2) production, while both diclofenac and celecoxib significantly reduced PGE(2) production. In a rat model of diclofenac-induced gastric injury, WIN-34B significantly suppressed LTB(4) synthesis and restored PGE(2) release. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that WIN-34B did not cause acute or chronic toxicity in male or female rats. In addition, WIN-34B did not cause significant gastric mucosal damage, instead appearing to protect the mucosa from diclofenac-induced gastric damage through the regulation of PGE(2) and LTB(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Huh
- Oriental Medicine Research Center for Bone & Joint, Disease Kyung Hee University, 149, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea
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Ndhlala AR, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Plant composition, pharmacological properties and mutagenic evaluation of a commercial Zulu herbal mixture: Imbiza ephuzwato. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:663-74. [PMID: 21040765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Imbiza ephuzwato is a traditional herbal tonic made from a mixture of extracts of roots, bulbs, rhizomes and leaves of 21 medicinal plants and is used in traditional medicine as a multipurpose remedy. AIM OF THE STUDY To compile and investigate the bioactivity and mutagenic effects of extracts of the 21 plant species used in the preparation of Imbiza ephuzwato herbal tonic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 21 plant species used to make Imbiza ephuzwato herbal mixture were each investigated for their pharmacological properties. Petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), 80% ethanol (EtOH) and water extracts of the 21 plants were evaluated against two gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria and a fungus Candida albicans. The extracts were also evaluated for their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2) and acetylcholinesterase AChE enzymes. Mutagenic effects of the water extracts were evaluated using the Ames test. RESULTS Gunnera perpensa and Rubia cordifolia were the only plant species used to manufacture Imbiza ephuzwato that had water extracts which showed good antibacterial activity. The extracts of G. perpensa (EtOH), Hypericum aethiopicum (DCM) and Urginea physodes (EtOH) showed the best antifungal activity. The water extracts of H. aethiopicum, G. perpensa, Drimia robusta, Vitellariopsis marginata, Scadoxus puniceus and Momordica balsamina showed percentage inhibition of COX-1 that was over 70%. For COX-2 enzyme, the water extracts of G. perpensa, Cyrtanthus obliquus, M. balsamina and Tetradenia riparia exhibited inhibitory activity above 70%. Water extracts of G. perpensa, C. obliquus, V. marginata, Asclepias fruticosa and Watsonia densiflora showed good AChE inhibitory activity (>80%). The Ames test results revealed that all the water extracts of the 21 plant species used to make Imbiza ephuzwato were non-mutagenic towards the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain for the assay with and without S9 metabolic activation. In contrast, Imbiza ephuzwato showed mutagenic effects after exposure to S9 enzyme mixture. CONCLUSION The observed activities of some plant extracts, if supported by other confirmatory tests, may justify their inclusion in the makeup of Imbiza ephuzwato herbal mixture as well as their use in traditional medicine. Further studies aimed at investigating possible synergistic effects as a result of mixing plant extracts are necessary. The reported mutagenicity in Imbiza ephuzwato could be as a result of interaction of biomolecules in the heterogeneous mixture, yielding compounds that are converted to mutagenic agents by xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. It is therefore important to carry out further studies aimed at identifying and eliminating the sources of the mutagenic compounds in the heterogeneous mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ndhlala
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa
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Ndhlala AR, Moyo M, Van Staden J. Natural antioxidants: fascinating or mythical biomolecules? Molecules 2010; 15:6905-30. [PMID: 20938402 PMCID: PMC6259562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the use, properties, characteristics and sources of antioxidants especially phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, synthetic chemicals and some micronutrients began in the late 18th century. Since then antioxidant research has received considerable attention and over a hundred thousand papers have been published on the subject. This has led to a rampant use of antioxidants in order to try to obtain and preserve optimal health. A number of nutraceuticals and food supplements are frequently fortified with synthetic or natural antioxidants. However, some research outcomes have led to the belief that antioxidants exist as mythical biomolecules. This review provides a critical evaluation of some common in vitro antioxidant capacity methods, and a discussion on the role and controversies surrounding non-enzymatic biomolecules, in particular phenolic compounds and non-phenolic compounds, in oxidative processes in an attempt of stemming the tidal wave that is threatening to swamp the concept of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johannes Van Staden
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +27 33 260 5130; Fax: +27 33 260 5897
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Ndhlala AR, Stafford GI, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. In vitro pharmacological effects of manufactured herbal concoctions used in KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:117-122. [PMID: 19146944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Manufactured and packaged herbal mixtures, known locally as muthi concoctions, have become a new feature of traditional medicine in South Africa. These herbal concoctions are often claimed to cure several diseases ranging from minor illness to life threatening conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the prevalence, variety and evaluate the efficacy of selected herbal concoctions sold in KwaZulu-Natal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine herbal concoctions were evaluated for their effects as antibacterial and antifungal agents as well as their ability to inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes using standard in vitro methods. RESULTS Imbiza ephuzwato and Ibhubezi, both multipurpose mixtures showed high abilities to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth as well as inhibit the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Umzimba omubi and Umuthi wekukhwehlela ne zilonda, both remedies for wounds, boils and chest infections were not active against the two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains tested. Vusa umzimba and Supreme one hundred were active against Candida albicans. CONCLUSIONS Four of the herbal concoctions showed no activity in all of the assays tested while only two showed good activity. Activity cannot be ruled out as there are many mechanisms upon which natural products can act.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ndhlala
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Song YW, Lee EY, Koh EM, Cha HS, Yoo B, Lee CK, Baek HJ, Kim HA, Suh Y, Kang SW, Lee YJ, Jung HG. Assessment of comparative pain relief and tolerability of SKI306X compared with celecoxib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A 6-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, phase III, noninferiority clinical trial. Clin Ther 2007; 29:862-873. [PMID: 17697905 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SKI306X, which consists of biologically active ingredients from Clematis mandsburica, Tricbosantbes kirilowii, and Prunella vulgaris, was developed and tested in preclinical trials in Korea. Those studies found that SKI306X was associated with an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, and that it can delay the destruction of cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the pain relief and tolerability of SKI306X and celecoxib in patients with RA. METHODS This study was a 6-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, Phase III, noninferiority clinical trial. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 80 years, had a history of RA with a disease duration of > or =3 months, and were functional American College of Rheumatology (ACR) class I, II, or III before entry. After a washout period of 2 weeks, patients were randomized to SKI306X 200 mg TID or celecoxib 200 mg BID for 6 weeks. The primary end point was a change in patient assessment of pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS). The secondary end points were a 20% improvement in response rate as defined by the ACR (ACR20) and the frequency of rescue medication use. Results after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment were compared with baseline and between treatment groups, and all patients were assessed for adverse events (AEs), clinical laboratory data, and vital signs. AEs were identified based on spontaneous reports by patients during interviews conducted by the investigators and the study coordinator. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-two Korean patients from 7 medical centers were assessed and 183 were enrolled and randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Ninety-one patients (10 male, 81 female; mean [SD] age, 52.13 [12.64] years; mean [SD] duration of RA, 9.08 [10.23] years; no. [%] of ACR class I, II, and III, 13 [14.29], 44 [48.35] and 34 [37.36] patients, respectively) received SKI306X 200 mg TID and 92 patients (10 male, 82 female; mean [SD] age, 51.78 [10.94] years; mean [SD] duration of RA, 8.78 [7.78] years; no. [%] of ACR class I, II, and III, 14 [15.22], 44 [47.83], and 34 [36.96] patients, respectively) received celecoxib 200 mg BID. An analysis of the change in reported pain intensity as determined by VAS (mm) score between baseline and week 3 (mean [SD], 13.64 [16.62] vs 14.45 [15.89]), and between baseline and week 6 (18.4 [20.8] vs 17.9 [19.1], respectively) suggested that SKI306X was not inferior to celecoxib. The number of patients who achieved ACR20 response rate was not significantly different between the SKI306X group and the celecoxib group at week 3 (16/87 [18.4%] vs 24/87 [27.6%], respectively) and at week 6 (29/87 [33.3%] vs 29/87 [33.3%]). The frequency of rescue medication use was not significantly different between the SKI306X group and celecoxib group at week 3 (54/87 [62.1%] vs 47/87 [54.0%], respectively) or week 6 (57/87 [65.5%] vs 49/87 [56.3%]). Drug-related AEs were reported by 27 (29.7%) patients in the SKI306X group and 22 (23.9%) patients in the celecoxib group. The most frequent drug-related AEs were epigastric pain (9/91 [9.9%]) in the SKI306X group and glutamyltranferase elevation (4/92 [4.3%]) in the celecoxib group. No significant between-group differences were observed in the prevalence of drug-related clinical- or laboratory-determined AEs. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that SKI306X was generally well tolerated and not inferior to celecoxib in regard to pain relief in these Korean patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Wook Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon-Suk Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Joo Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyengchon, Korea
| | - Young Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyengchon, Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejoen, Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyung-Gi Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Seo Kyeong University, Seoul, Korea
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Ameye LG, Chee WSS. Osteoarthritis and nutrition. From nutraceuticals to functional foods: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:R127. [PMID: 16859534 PMCID: PMC1779427 DOI: 10.1186/ar2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific and medical community remains skeptical regarding the efficacy of nutrition for osteoarthritis despite their broad acceptation by patients. In this context, this paper systematically reviews human clinical trials evaluating the effects of nutritional compounds on osteoarthritis. We searched the Medline, Embase, and Biosis databases from their inception to September 2005 using the terms random, double-blind method, trial, study, placebo, and osteoarthritis. We selected all peer-reviewed articles reporting the results of randomised human clinical trials (RCTs) in osteoarthritis that investigated the effects of oral interventions based on natural molecules. Studies on glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate were excluded. The quality of the RCTs was assessed with an osteoarthritic-specific standardised set of 12 criteria and a validated instrument. A best-evidence synthesis was used to categorise the scientific evidence behind each nutritional compound as good, moderate, or limited. A summary of the most relevant in vitro and animal studies is used to shed light on the potential mechanisms of action. Inclusion criteria were met by 53 RCTs out of the 2,026 identified studies. Good evidence was found for avocado soybean unsaponifiables. Moderate evidence was found for methylsulfonylmethane and SKI306X, a cocktail of plant extracts. Limited evidence was found for the Chinese plant extract duhuo jisheng Wan, cetyl myristoleate, lipids from green-lipped mussels, and plant extracts from Harpagophytum procumbens. Overall, scientific evidence exists for some specific nutritional interventions to provide symptom relief to osteoarthritic patients. It remains to be investigated whether nutritional compounds can have structure-modifying effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent G Ameye
- Nutrition and Health Department, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Winnie SS Chee
- Nutrition and Health Department, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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