1
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Mohammad A, Madhavarao CN. Comparing nitric acid treatment and microwave digestion for efficiency of metal extraction from bioprocess samples. Anal Biochem 2024; 691:115555. [PMID: 38704117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions may act as enzyme cofactors and influence the kinetics of biochemical reactions that may also influence the biological production of therapeutic proteins and quality attributes such as glycosylation. Because sample preparation is a significant step in the reliable analysis of metals, we compared two sample preparation procedures for metal analysis of bioreactor culture media samples by ICP-MS: (i) samples were diluted in 2 % nitric acid (treatment with nitric acid, TNA); and (ii) samples were mixed with equal volume of 5 % nitric acid and closed vessel digestion was performed in a microwave (closed vessel digestion, CVD). In the comparison of extraction efficiencies between TNA and CVD procedures, CVD showed better extraction for Ca and Cu among bulk metals (∼30 %) and for Ni among the trace metals (∼65 %) for the bioreactor broth supernatant samples. For the cell pellet samples, the CVD procedure was found to be better for extraction of Fe (∼65 % more) among bulk metals, Zn (∼20 % more) among minor metals and Co (∼60 % more) and Ni (∼45 % more) among trace metals. Differences between the two procedures were less than 10 % and TNA was better for all other metals quantified from both supernatant samples and cell pellet samples. The current study helps bring more clarity to the methodology on comprehensive metal analysis to monitor and maintain trace metal content for biologics production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Mohammad
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Chikkathur N Madhavarao
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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2
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Magnesium and the Hallmarks of Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:496. [PMID: 38398820 PMCID: PMC10892939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential ion in the human body that regulates numerous physiological and pathological processes. Magnesium deficiency is very common in old age. Age-related chronic diseases and the aging process itself are frequently associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, called 'inflammaging'. Because chronic magnesium insufficiency has been linked to excessive generation of inflammatory markers and free radicals, inducing a chronic inflammatory state, we formerly hypothesized that magnesium inadequacy may be considered among the intermediaries helping us explain the link between inflammaging and aging-associated diseases. We show in this review evidence of the relationship of magnesium with all the hallmarks of aging (genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, disabled autophagy, dysbiosis, and chronic inflammation), which may positively affect the human healthspan. It is feasible to hypothesize that maintaining an optimal balance of magnesium during one's life course may turn out to be a safe and economical strategy contributing to the promotion of healthy aging. Future well-designed studies are necessary to further explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- School of Medicine, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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3
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Yan J, Wang L, Yang QL, Yang QX, He X, Dong Y, Hu Z, Seeliger MW, Jiao K, Paquet-Durand F. T-type voltage-gated channels, Na +/Ca 2+-exchanger, and calpain-2 promote photoreceptor cell death in inherited retinal degeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:92. [PMID: 38303059 PMCID: PMC10836022 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a group of untreatable and commonly blinding diseases characterized by progressive photoreceptor loss. IRD pathology has been linked to an excessive activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC) leading to Na+- and Ca2+-influx, subsequent activation of voltage-gated Ca2+-channels (VGCC), and further Ca2+ influx. However, a connection between excessive Ca2+ influx and photoreceptor loss has yet to be proven.Here, we used whole-retina and single-cell RNA-sequencing to compare gene expression between the rd1 mouse model for IRD and wild-type (wt) mice. Differentially expressed genes indicated links to several Ca2+-signalling related pathways. To explore these, rd1 and wt organotypic retinal explant cultures were treated with the intracellular Ca2+-chelator BAPTA-AM or inhibitors of different Ca2+-permeable channels, including CNGC, L-type VGCC, T-type VGCC, Ca2+-release-activated channel (CRAC), and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Moreover, we employed the novel compound NA-184 to selectively inhibit the Ca2+-dependent protease calpain-2. Effects on the retinal activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), sirtuin-type histone-deacetylase, calpains, as well as on activation of calpain-1, and - 2 were monitored, cell death was assessed via the TUNEL assay.While rd1 photoreceptor cell death was reduced by BAPTA-AM, Ca2+-channel blockers had divergent effects: While inhibition of T-type VGCC and NCX promoted survival, blocking CNGCs and CRACs did not. The treatment-related activity patterns of calpains and PARPs corresponded to the extent of cell death. Remarkably, sirtuin activity and calpain-1 activation were linked to photoreceptor protection, while calpain-2 activity was related to degeneration. In support of this finding, the calpain-2 inhibitor NA-184 protected rd1 photoreceptors.These results suggest that Ca2+ overload in rd1 photoreceptors may be triggered by T-type VGCCs and NCX. High Ca2+-levels likely suppress protective activity of calpain-1 and promote retinal degeneration via activation of calpain-2. Overall, our study details the complexity of Ca2+-signalling in photoreceptors and emphasizes the importance of targeting degenerative processes specifically to achieve a therapeutic benefit for IRDs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Yunnan Eye Institute & Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming, 650021, China
- Cell Death Mechanism Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Lan Wang
- Cell Death Mechanism Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Qian-Lu Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University &Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Qian-Xi Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University &Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Xinyi He
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- High-resolution Functional Imaging and Test Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Yujie Dong
- Yunnan Eye Institute & Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Zhulin Hu
- Yunnan Eye Institute & Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Kangwei Jiao
- Yunnan Eye Institute & Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Cell Death Mechanism Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
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4
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Hashizume T, Ozawa Y, Ying BW. Employing active learning in the optimization of culture medium for mammalian cells. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:20. [PMID: 37253825 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium optimization is a crucial step during cell culture for biopharmaceutics and regenerative medicine; however, this step remains challenging, as both media and cells are highly complex systems. Here, we addressed this issue by employing active learning. Specifically, we introduced machine learning to cell culture experiments to optimize culture medium. The cell line HeLa-S3 and the gradient-boosting decision tree algorithm were used to find optimized media as pilot studies. To acquire the training data, cell culture was performed in a large variety of medium combinations. The cellular NAD(P)H abundance, represented as A450, was used to indicate the goodness of culture media. In active learning, regular and time-saving modes were developed using culture data at 168 h and 96 h, respectively. Both modes successfully fine-tuned 29 components to generate a medium for improved cell culture. Intriguingly, the two modes provided different predictions for the concentrations of vitamins and amino acids, and a significant decrease was commonly predicted for fetal bovine serum (FBS) compared to the commercial medium. In addition, active learning-assisted medium optimization significantly increased the cellular concentration of NAD(P)H, an active chemical with a constant abundance in living cells. Our study demonstrated the efficiency and practicality of active learning for medium optimization and provided valuable information for employing machine learning technology in cell biology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Hashizume
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozawa
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bei-Wen Ying
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan.
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5
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Wysor SK, Hall KA, Marcus RK. Rapid metal speciation of cell culture media using reversed-phase separations and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3311. [PMID: 36308722 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture media metal content is critical in mammalian cell growth and monoclonal antibody productivity. The variability in metal concentrations has multiple sources of origin. As such, there is a need to analyze media before, during, and after production. Furthermore, it is not the simple presence of a given metal that can impact processes, but also their chemical form that is, speciation. To a first approximation, it is instructive to simply and quickly ascertain if the metals exist as inorganic (free metal) ions or are part of an organometallic complex (ligated). Here we present a simple workflow involving the capture of ligated metals on a fiber stationary phase with passage of the free ions to an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for quantification; the captured species are subsequently eluted for quantification. This first level of speciation (free vs. ligated) can be informative towards sources of contaminant metal species and means to assess bioreactor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wysor
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Katja A Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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6
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Rahimifard M, Jalalimanesh N, Movahed MA, Hadjighassem M, Pourahmad Jaktaji R, Bagheri Z, Pourahmad J, Zarghi A. Antiproliferative activity of new derivatives of pyrazino[1,2‐
a
]benzimidazole: Integrated cell‐based assay and computational studies with divalent magnesium, iron, and copper ions. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23155. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahban Rahimifard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mahsa A. Movahed
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University G.C. Tehran Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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7
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Pérez-Rodriguez S, Ramírez-Lira MDJ, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Nutrient supplementation strategy improves cell concentration and longevity, monoclonal antibody production and lactate metabolism of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Bioengineered 2021; 11:463-471. [PMID: 32223359 PMCID: PMC7161567 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1744266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A careful selection of culture mediums and feeds has become necessary to maximize yields of recombinant proteins during bioprocesses of mammalian cells. Supplements contain a variety of concentrate nutrients, and their beneficial effects vary according to recombinant cell lines. In this study, the effects of PowerFeed A on growth kinetics, productivity and cellular metabolism were evaluated for two Chinese hamster ovary cell lines producing a monoclonal antibody in a batch culture. Supplemented cultures increased integral viable cell density of CRL-12444 and CRL-12445 cells by 2.4 and 1.6 times through extension of culture time at which viability was above 90% in 72 and 36 h, respectively, and increment of maximal cell concentration in 3.25 × 106 cells/ml (69%) for CRL-12445 cells. Product titer augmented 1.9 and 2.5 times for CRL-12444 and CRL-12445 cells, respectively, without changes in growth rate and specific productivity. Feed supplementation also stimulated full consumption of glucose and free glutamine and reduced 10 times lactate accumulation, while ammonium, sodium and potassium remained at similar concentrations at the end of the culture. About 44% of calcium, mainly provided by feed, was consumed by both cell lines. Maximization of cellular growth, viability and protein titer through feeding encourages extending its use to other cell lines and exploring novel combinations with other basal mediums or feeds. A thorough investigation of its impact on protein quality and the molecular mechanisms behind these effects will allow designing effective feeds and strategies to rationally optimize protein production in the biomanufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumel Pérez-Rodriguez
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - María de Jesús Ramírez-Lira
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad De México, México
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8
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Micronutrients and Oral Health an Opportunity to Prevent Oral Diseases. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rjdnmd-2019-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in oral health as it affects the growth of craniofacial, dental and periodontal structures. When adequate food is not unavailable, oral health may be impaired, and even overexposure to the diet may also inversely affect. Therefore, there is interdependency between nutrition and oral health. The importance of Micronutrients in normal function is becoming increasingly apparent and insufficient micronutrient intake has both short term and long-term consequences. Micronutrient assessment of suspected individual and appropriate supplement therapy may assist in dental disease prevention.
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9
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Graham RJ, Bhatia H, Yoon S. Consequences of trace metal variability and supplementation on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance: A review of key mechanisms and considerations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3446-3456. [PMID: 31403183 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trace metals are supplied to chemically-defined media (CDM) for optimal Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance during the production of monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic proteins. However, lot-to-lot and vendor-to-vendor variability in raw materials consequently leads to an imbalance of trace metals that are supplied to CDM. This imbalance can yield detrimental effects rooted in several primary mechanisms and pathways including oxidative stress, apoptosis, lactate accumulation, and unfavorable glycan synthesis. Recent research endeavors involve supplying zinc, copper, and manganese to CDM in excess to further maximize culture productivity and product quality. These treatments significantly impact critical quality attributes and furthermore highlight the degree to which trace metal availability can affect CHO cell culture performance. This review highlights the role of trace metal variability, supplementation, and interplay on key cellular mechanisms responsible for overall culture performance and the production and quality of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Graham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Hemlata Bhatia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
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10
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Zheng Z, Ai J, Guo L, Ye X, Bondada S, Howatt D, Daugherty A, Li XA. SR-BI (Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1) Is Critical in Maintaining Normal T-Cell Development and Enhancing Thymic Regeneration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2706-2717. [PMID: 30354229 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Continuous T-cell production from thymus is essential in replenishing naïve T-cell pool and maintaining optimal T-cell functions. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the T-cell development in thymus remains largely unknown. Approach and Results- We identified SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type 1), an HDL (high-density lipoprotein) receptor, as a novel modulator in T-cell development. We found that SR-BI deficiency in mice led to reduced thymus size and decreased T-cell production, which was accompanied by narrowed peripheral naïve T-cell pool. Further investigation revealed that SR-BI deficiency impaired progenitor thymic homing, causing a dramatic reduction in the percentage of earliest thymic progenitors, but did not affect other downstream T-cell developmental steps inside the thymus. As a result of the impaired progenitor thymic homing, SR-BI-deficient mice displayed delayed thymic regeneration postirradiation. Using a variety of experimental approaches, we revealed that the impaired T-cell development in SR-BI-deficient mice was not caused by hematopoietic SR-BI deficiency or SR-BI deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia, but mainly attributed to the SR-BI deficiency in adrenal glands, as adrenal-specific SR-BI-deficient mice exhibited similar defects in T-cell development and thymic regeneration with SR-BI-deficient mice. Conclusions- This study demonstrates that SR-BI deficiency impaired T-cell development and delayed thymic regeneration by affecting progenitor thymic homing in mice, elucidating a previously unrecognized link between SR-BI and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Z.Z., J.A., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Z., J.A., L.G., X.Y., D.H., A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Junting Ai
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Z.Z., J.A., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Z., J.A., L.G., X.Y., D.H., A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Ling Guo
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Z., J.A., L.G., X.Y., D.H., A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Xiang Ye
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Z., J.A., L.G., X.Y., D.H., A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Department of Microbiology (S.B.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Deborah Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Z., J.A., L.G., X.Y., D.H., A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Z., J.A., L.G., X.Y., D.H., A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Xiang-An Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Z.Z., J.A., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Z., J.A., L.G., X.Y., D.H., A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
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11
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Ritacco FV, Wu Y, Khetan A. Cell culture media for recombinant protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells: History, key components, and optimization strategies. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1407-1426. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank V. Ritacco
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Pennington New Jersey United States
| | - Yongqi Wu
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Pennington New Jersey United States
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Pennington New Jersey United States
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12
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Neurobehavioral and biochemical modulation following administration of MgO and ZnO nanoparticles in the presence and absence of acute stress. Life Sci 2018; 203:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Muñoz-Castañeda JR, Pendón-Ruiz de Mier MV, Rodríguez M, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME. Magnesium Replacement to Protect Cardiovascular and Kidney Damage? Lack of Prospective Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E664. [PMID: 29495444 PMCID: PMC5877525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease exhibit an increase in cardiovascular mortality. Recent works have shown that low levels of magnesium are associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. Epidemiological studies suggest an influence of low levels of magnesium on the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, which is also observed in the normal population. Magnesium is involved in critical cellular events such as apoptosis and oxidative stress. It also participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In animal models of uremia, dietary supplementation of magnesium reduces vascular calcifications and mortality; in vitro, an increase of magnesium concentration decreases osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, it may be appropriate to evaluate whether magnesium replacement should be administered in an attempt to reduce vascular damage and mortality in the uremic population In the present manuscript, we will review the magnesium homeostasis, the involvement of magnesium in enzymatic reactions, apoptosis and oxidative stress and the clinical association between magnesium and cardiovascular disease in the general population and in the context of chronic kidney disease. We will also analyze the role of magnesium on kidney function. Finally, the experimental evidence of the beneficial effects of magnesium replacement in chronic kidney disease will be thoroughly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Muñoz-Castañeda
- Nephrology Service, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María V Pendón-Ruiz de Mier
- Nephrology Service, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano Rodríguez
- Nephrology Service, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María E Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Nephrology Service, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University Hospital Reina Sofía, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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Vasquez M, Simões I, Consuegra-Fernández M, Aranda F, Lozano F, Berraondo P. Exploiting scavenger receptors in cancer immunotherapy: Lessons from CD5 and SR-B1. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1108-1118. [PMID: 28504304 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors (SRs) are structurally heterogeneous cell surface receptors characterized by their capacity to remove extraneous or modified self-macromolecules from circulation, thus avoiding the accumulation of noxious agents in the extracellular space. This scavenging activity makes SRs important molecules for host defense and homeostasis. In turn, SRs keep the activation of the steady-state immune response in check, and participate as co-receptors in the priming of the effector immune responses when the macromolecules are associated with a threat that might compromise host homeostasis. Therefore, SRs built up sophisticated sensor mechanisms controlling the immune system, which may be exploited to develop novel drugs for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the regulation of the anti-tumor immune response by two paradigmatic SRs: the lymphocyte receptor CD5 and the more broadly distributed scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). Cancer immunity can be boosted by blockade of SRs working as immune checkpoint inhibitors (CD5) and/or by proper engagement of SRs working as innate danger receptor (SR-B1). Thus, these receptors illustrate both the complexity of targeting SRs in cancer immunotherapy and also the opportunities offered by such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vasquez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Inês Simões
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Aranda
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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LEE DOHYUNG, KIM SOYOUNG, NAM KYUNGSOO. Protective effects of deep sea water against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cardiac muscle cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2569-75. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Guo L, Zheng Z, Ai J, Huang B, Li XA. Hepatic scavenger receptor BI protects against polymicrobial-induced sepsis through promoting LPS clearance in mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14666-73. [PMID: 24719333 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI or Scarb1) plays a critical protective role in sepsis. However, the mechanisms underlying this protection remain largely unknown. In this study, using Scarb1(I179N) mice, a mouse model specifically deficient in hepatic SR-BI, we report that hepatic SR-BI protects against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis as shown by 75% fatality in Scarb1(I179N) mice, but only 21% fatality in C57BL/6J control mice. The increase in fatality in Scarb1(I179N) mice was associated with an exacerbated inflammatory cytokine production. Further study demonstrated that hepatic SR-BI exerts its protection against sepsis through its role in promoting LPS clearance without affecting the inflammatory response in macrophages, the glucocorticoid production in adrenal glands, the leukocyte recruitment to peritoneum or the bacterial clearance in liver. Our findings reveal hepatic SR-BI as a critical protective factor in sepsis and point out that promoting hepatic SR-BI-mediated LPS clearance may provide a therapeutic approach for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Zhong Zheng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Junting Ai
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Bin Huang
- Kentucky Cancer Registry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Xiang-An Li
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Kentucky Cancer Registry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent findings about the roles of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in immunity and discuss the underlying mechanisms by which SR-BI prevents immune dysfunctions. RECENT FINDINGS SR-BI is well known as a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor playing key roles in HDL metabolism and in protection against atherosclerosis. Recent studies have indicated that SR-BI is also an essential modulator in immunity. SR-BI deficiency in mice causes immune dysfunctions, including increased atherosclerosis, elevated susceptibility to sepsis, impaired lymphocyte homeostasis, and autoimmune disorders. SR-BI exerts its protective roles through a variety of HDL-dependent and HDL-independent mechanisms. SR-BI is also involved in hepatitis C virus cell entry. A deficiency of SR-BI in humanized mice has been shown to decrease hepatitis C virus infectivity. SUMMARY SR-BI regulates immunity via multiple mechanisms and its deficiency causes numerous diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the roles of SR-BI in protection against immune dysfunctions may provide a therapeutic target for intervention against its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Junting Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2012; 23:156-63. [PMID: 22418573 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283521229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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