1
|
Intracranial self-stimulation-reward or immobilization-aversion had different effects on neurite extension and the ERK pathway in neurotransmitter-sensitive mutant PC12 cells. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112920. [PMID: 32961216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various actions trigger pleasure (reward) or aversion (punishment) as emotional responses. Emotional factors that negatively affect brain neural control processes for long periods of time might cause various mental diseases by inducing neuronal changes. In the present study, newly developed PC12m12 cells which are highly sensitivity to neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh), were used. Exposing the cells to plasma from rats that had been subjected to intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) markedly upregulated neurite outgrowth. In addition, voluntary running in a wheel or forced on a rotating rod was used to induce behavioral excitation in rats, and examinations of their plasma confirmed that the ICSS-induced neurite outgrowth was not associated with the ICSS behavior itself. Furthermore, immunoblotting and treatment with U0126, an ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) antagonist, showed that the ICSS-induced neurite outgrowth was related to neuronal ERK activity. Exposing the same cells to plasma from rats that had been subjected to immobilization (IMM) also increased neurite outgrowth. Although the degree of enhancement was not as great as that seen after the ICSS rat plasma treatment, it was less than that observed after treatment with ACh as a positive control. These results indicate that ICSS or IMM lead to varying degrees of morphological changes, such as enhanced neurite outgrowth, in PC12m12 cells, but the neuronal signal transduction pathways underlying these effects differ; i.e.,the former morphological change might involve the activation of the ERK pathway, whereas the latter changes might not. Using PC12m12 cells which exhibit sensitivity to neurotransmitters, it might be possible to clarify the pathogeneses of mental diseases at the neuronal level and search for therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
|
2
|
Motoda H, Hiragami F, Kawamura K, Inoue S, Gomita Y, Kano Y. Contrast bath-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12m3 cells via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02656. [PMID: 31667436 PMCID: PMC6812228 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the differentiation and activation of p38 MAPK induced by contrast bath in drug-hypersensitive PC12m3 mutant cells. The rate of neurite outgrowth in PC12m3 cells induced by contrast bath was much higher than that induced by warming or cooling alone or that induced by two warmings with an interval of room temperature, indicating that contrast bath has a synergistic effect. The results of an experiment using a p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, showed that neurite outgrowth of PC12m3 cells induced by contrast bath is p38 MAPK-dependent. Moreover, p38 MAPK activity induced by contrast bath was greater than that induced by warming or cooling alone, indicating that the synergistic effect of a contrast bath on neurite outgrowth depends on the activity of p38 MAPK. Since calcium ions are involved in the activations of P38 MAPK, we investigated the effect of the TRP ion channel inhibitor (Capsazepine) that inhibits calcium influx in the cells. Neurite outgrowth induced by contrast bath treatment was greatly suppressed by the addition of Capsazepine. These findings suggest that calcium dependent activation of the p38 MAPK pathway induced by contrast bath is responsible for the neurite outgrowth of PC12m3 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshio Motoda
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan.,Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan
| | - Fukumi Hiragami
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan.,Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawamura
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan.,Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan
| | - Shigeki Inoue
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan.,Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan
| | - Yutaka Gomita
- Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kano
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan.,Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama, 716-8508, Japan
| |
Collapse
|