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Wang Y, Xiong Z, Qiao Y, Zhang Q, Zhou G, Zhou C, Ma X, Jiang X, Yu W. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid modulates macrophage polarization and Schwann cell migration to accelerate spinal cord injury repair in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14642. [PMID: 38430464 PMCID: PMC10908365 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibiting secondary inflammatory damage caused by glial cells and creating a stable microenvironment is one of the main strategies to investigate drugs for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) is the active component of the natural drug boswellia, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and offers a possible therapeutic option for spinal cord injury. METHODS In this study, a spinal cord injury model was established by crushing spinal cord, respectively, to detect the M1 macrophage inflammatory markers: iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and the M2 macrophage markers CD206, ARG-1, IL-10, and the detection of antioxidant enzymes and MDA. In vitro, macrophages were cultured to verify the main mechanism of the macrophage switch from Nrf2/HO-1 to M2 type by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and other techniques. Macrophage and Schwann cell co-culture validated the migration mechanism of Schwann cells promoted by AKBA. RESULTS AKBA significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and SOD, reduced MDA content, and reduced oxidative damage caused by spinal cord injury via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway; AKBA mediates Nrf2/HO-1/IL-10, converts macrophages from M1 to M2 type, reduces inflammation, and promotes Schwann cell migration, thereby accelerating the repair of spinal cord injury in rats. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that AKBA can attenuate oxidative stress as well as the secondary inflammatory injury caused by macrophages after SCI, promote Schwann cell migration to the injury site, and thus accelerate the repair of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Zongliang Xiong
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yuncong Qiao
- School of Life SciencesNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Guanghu Zhou
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xianglin Ma
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and TreatmentNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
- Institute of Chinese Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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AKBA Promotes Axonal Regeneration via RhoA/Rictor to Repair Damaged Sciatic Nerve. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415903. [PMID: 36555556 PMCID: PMC9783960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing studies by our team demonstrated the pro-recovery effect of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) on a sciatic nerve injury. To further investigate the role of AKBA in peripheral nerve injury repair, The TMT quantitative proteomics technique was used to obtain differentially significant proteins in a Sham group, Model group, and AKBA group. After that, three time points (5, 14, and 28 d) and four groups (Sham + AKBA, Sham, Model, and AKBA) were set up, and immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and cellular assays were applied to investigate the expression of CDC42, Rac1, RhoA, and Rictor in the sciatic nerve at different time points for each group in more depth. The results showed that AKBA enriched the cellular components of the myelin sheath and axon regeneration after a sciatic nerve injury and that AKBA upregulated CDC42 and Rac1 and downregulated RhoA expression 5 d after a sciatic nerve injury, promoting axon regeneration and improving the repair of a sciatic nerve injury in rats. Rictor is regulated by AKBA and upregulated in PC12 cells after AKBA action. Our findings provide a new basis for AKBA treatment of a peripheral nerve injury.
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Li WY, Li ZG, Fu XM, Wang XY, Lv ZX, Sun P, Zhu XF, Wang Y. Transgenic Schwann cells overexpressing POU6F1 promote sciatic nerve regeneration within acellular nerve allografts. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 36317259 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9e1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Acellular nerve allograft (ANA) is an effective surgical approach used to bridge the sciatic nerve gap. The molecular regulators of post-surgical recovery are not well-known. Here, we explored the effect of transgenic Schwann cells (SCs) overexpressing POU domain class 6, transcription factor 1 (POU6F1) on sciatic nerve regeneration within ANAs. We explored the functions of POU6F1 in nerve regeneration by using a cell model of H2O2-induced SCs injury and transplanting SCs overexpressing POU6F1 into ANA to repair sciatic nerve gaps.Approach.Using RNA-seq, Protein-Protein Interaction network analysis, gene ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, we identified a highly and differentially expressed transcription factor, POU6F1, following ANA treatment of sciatic nerve gap. Expressing a high degree of connectivity, POU6F1 was predicted to play a role in peripheral nervous system myelination.Main results.To test the role of POU6F1 in nerve regeneration after ANA, we infected SCs with adeno-associated virus-POU6F1, demonstrating that POU6F1 overexpression promotes proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and migration of SCsin vitro. We also found that POU6F1 significantly upregulated JNK1/2 and c-Jun phosphorylation and that selective JNK1/2 inhibition attenuated the effects of POU6F1 on proliferation, survival, migration, and JNK1/2 and c-Jun phosphorylation. The direct interaction of POU6F1 and activated JNK1/2 was subsequently confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. In rat sciatic nerve injury model with a 10 mm gap, we confirmed the pattern of POU6F1 upregulation and co-localization with transplanted SCs. ANAs loaded with POU6F1-overexpressing SCs demonstrated the enhanced survival of transplanted SCs, axonal regeneration, myelination, and functional motor recovery compared to the ANA group loaded by SCs-only in line within vitrofindings.Significance.This study identifies POU6F1 as a novel regulator of post-injury sciatic nerve repair, acting through JNK/c-Jun signaling in SCs to optimize therapeutic outcomes in the ANA surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Li
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xiao Lv
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Rajabian A, Farzanehfar M, Hosseini H, Arab FL, Nikkhah A. Boswellic acids as promising agents for the management of brain diseases. Life Sci 2022; 312:121196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Upadhayay S, Mehan S, Prajapati A, Sethi P, Suri M, Zawawi A, Almashjary MN, Tabrez S. Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Stimulation through Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) Provides Neuroprotection in Ethidium Bromide-Induced Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081324. [PMID: 35893061 PMCID: PMC9331916 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe immune-mediated neurological disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). This is frequently linked to motor abnormalities and cognitive impairments. The pathophysiological hallmarks of MS include inflammatory demyelination, axonal injury, white matter degeneration, and the development of CNS lesions that result in severe neuronal degeneration. Several studies suggested downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling is a causative factor for MS pathogenesis. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is an active pentacyclictriterpenoid obtained from Boswellia serrata, possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study explores the protective potential of AKBA on behavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological abnormalitiesandhistopathological alterations by H&E and LFB staining techniques in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the increase inNrf2/HO-1 levels in the brain. Moreover, we also examine the effect of AKBA on the intensity of myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF and rat brain homogenate. Specific apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, andcaspase-3) were also estimated in rat brain homogenate. Neuro behavioralabnormalities in rats were examined using an actophotometer, rotarod test, beam crossing task (BCT),and Morris water maze (MWM). AKBA 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were given orally from day 8 to 35 to alleviate MS symptoms in the EB-injected rats. Furthermore, cellular, molecular, neurotransmitter, neuroinflammatory cytokine, and oxidative stress markers in rat whole brain homogenate, blood plasma, and cerebral spinal fluid were investigated. This study shows that AKBA upregulates the level of antioxidant proteins such as Nrf2 and HO-1 in the rat brain. AKBA restores altered neurochemical levels, potentially preventing gross pathological abnormalities during MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Upadhayay
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.T.)
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Dracorhodin Perchlorate Regulates the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines through the TLR4 Pathway and Improves Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9050686. [PMID: 35463063 PMCID: PMC9023164 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Dragon's blood is a natural medicine with hemostatic and blood-activating effects and is used to promote wound healing. Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) is a stable form of dracarhod and is used as a substitute for cochinchinenin. DP promotes the proliferation of rat fibroblasts and promotes wound healing in rats. Methods DP ointment (0.2 mg/mL) was applied to the skin wounds of nondiabetic and diabetic rats, and the skin of the wound was collected. Wound healing rate, H&E staining, Masson staining, TLR4 pathway, related inflammatory factors, nitric oxide synthase, and so forth were detected. Results DP treatment alleviated the prolonged inflammatory cell infiltration time and the increase in the TLR4 pathway and inflammatory factors caused by diabetes. DP also promoted wound healing by increasing eNOS protein expression and NO content in the later stage of wound healing. Conclusion DP promotes wound healing in diabetic rats by regulating the TLR4 pathway and related inflammatory factors. Therefore, adjuvant treatment of DP can be developed for diabetic wound healing.
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Gong Y, Jiang X, Yang S, Huang Y, Hong J, Ma Y, Fang X, Fang Y, Wu J. The Biological Activity of 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid in Nervous System Diseases. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:374-384. [PMID: 35303275 PMCID: PMC8931781 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Frankincense is a hard gelatinous resin exuded by Boswellia serrata. It contains a complex array of components, of which acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid of the resin class, is the main active component. AKBA has a variety of physiological actions, including anti-infection, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. The use of AKBA for the treatment of mental diseases has been documented as early as ancient Greece. Recent studies have found that AKBA has anti-aging and other neurological effects, suggesting its potential for the treatment of neurological diseases. This review focuses on nervous system-related diseases, summarizes the functions and mechanisms of AKBA in promoting nerve repair and regeneration after injury, protecting against ischemic brain injury and aging, inhibiting neuroinflammation, ameliorating memory deficits, and alleviating neurotoxicity, as well as having anti-glioma effects and relieving brain edema. The mechanisms by which AKBA functions in different diseases and the relationships between dosage and biological effects are discussed in depth with the aim of increasing understanding of AKBA and guiding its use for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Gong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Suibi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Hong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiu Ma
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Microbiology, WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Identification of Novel Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Agonists from Botanical Compounds and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Anti-Osteoporotic Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030702. [PMID: 35163968 PMCID: PMC8838898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2R) possess various pharmacological effects—including anti-epilepsy, analgesia, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and regulation of bone metabolism—without the psychoactive side effects induced by cannabinoid CB1R activation, they have become the focus of research and development of new target drugs in recent years. The present study was intended to (1) establish a double luciferase screening system for a CB2R modulator; (2) validate the agonistic activities of the screened compounds on CB2R by determining cAMP accumulation using HEK293 cells that are stably expressing CB2R; (3) predict the binding affinity between ligands and CB2 receptors and characterize the binding modes using molecular docking; (4) analyze the CB2 receptors–ligand complex stability, conformational behavior, and interaction using molecular dynamics; and (5) evaluate the regulatory effects of the screened compounds on bone metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The results demonstrated that the screening system had good stability and was able to screen cannabinoid CB2R modulators from botanical compounds. Altogether, nine CB2R agonists were identified by screening from 69 botanical compounds, and these CB2R agonists exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on cAMP accumulation and good affinity to CB2R, as evidenced by the molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Five of the nine CB2R agonists could stimulate osteoblastic bone formation and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. All these findings may provide useful clues for the development of novel anti-osteoporotic drugs and help elucidate the mechanism underlying the biological activities of CB2R agonists identified from the botanical materials.
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Jiang XW, Yu WH, Wang Y, Xiong ZL, Ma XL, Zhou C, Huo MH. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid promotes sciatic nerve repair after injury: molecular mechanism. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2778-2784. [PMID: 35662229 PMCID: PMC9165397 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.339494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), the active ingredient in the natural Chinese medicine Boswellia, can stimulate sciatic nerve injury repair via promoting Schwann cell proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed genomic sequencing in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury after gastric AKBA administration for 30 days. We found that the phagosome pathway was related to AKBA treatment, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the neurotrophic factor signaling pathway was also highly up-regulated. We further investigated gene and protein expression changes in the phagosome pathway and neurotrophic factor signaling pathway. Myeloperoxidase expression in the phagosome pathway was markedly decreased, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and nerve growth factor receptor expression levels in the neurotrophic factor signaling pathway were greatly increased. Additionally, expression levels of the inflammatory factors CD68, interleukin-1β, pro-interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were also decreased. Myelin basic protein- and β3-tubulin-positive expression as well as the axon diameter-to-total nerve diameter ratio in the injured sciatic nerve were also increased. These findings suggest that, at the molecular level, AKBA can increase neurotrophic factor expression through inhibiting myeloperoxidase expression and reducing inflammatory reactions, which could promote myelin sheath and axon regeneration in the injured sciatic nerve.
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Souza NM, Gonçalves MF, Ferreira LFR, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Soriano RN. Revisiting the Role of Biologically Active Natural and Synthetic Compounds as an Intervention to Treat Injured Nerves. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4980-4998. [PMID: 34228268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic lesions in nerves present high incidence and may culminate in sensorimotor and/or autonomic dysfunctions or a total loss of function, affecting the patient's quality of life. Although the microenvironment favors peripheral nerve regeneration, the regenerative process is not always successful. Some herbs, natural products, and synthetic drugs have been studied as potential pro-regenerative interventions. We reviewed and discussed the most recent articles published over the last ten years in high impact factor journals. Even though most of the articles contemplated in this review were in vitro and animal model studies, those with herbs showed promising results. Most of them presented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Drugs of several pharmacological classes also showed optimistic outcomes in nerve functional recovery, including clinical trials. The results are hopeful; however, mechanisms of action need to be elucidated, and there is a need for more high-quality clinical studies. The study presents careful compilation of findings of dozens of compounds with consistent pro-regenerative evidence published in respected scientific journals. It may be valuable for health professionals and researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Melo Souza
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Mateus Figueiredo Gonçalves
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju Sergipe, Farolândia, 30049032-490, Brazil
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju-Sergipe, Farolândia, 30049032-490, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, 35010-177, Brazil.
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