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Crompton M, Skinner LJ, Satchell SC, Butler MJ. Aldosterone: Essential for Life but Damaging to the Vascular Endothelium. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1004. [PMID: 37371584 PMCID: PMC10296074 DOI: 10.3390/biom13061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin angiotensin aldosterone system is a key regulator of blood pressure. Aldosterone is the final effector of this pathway, acting predominantly via mineralocorticoid receptors. Aldosterone facilitates the conservation of sodium and, with it, water and acts as a powerful stimulus for potassium excretion. However, evidence for the pathological impact of excess mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation is increasing. Here, we discussed how in the heart, hyperaldosteronism is associated with fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and maladaptive hypertrophy. In the kidney, aldosterone was shown to cause proteinuria and fibrosis and may contribute to the progression of kidney disease. More recently, studies suggested that aldosterone excess damaged endothelial cells. Here, we reviewed how damage to the endothelial glycocalyx may contribute to this process. The endothelial glycocalyx is a heterogenous, negatively charged layer on the luminal surface of cells. Aldosterone exposure alters this layer. The resulting structural changes reduced endothelial reactivity in response to protective shear stress, altered permeability, and increased immune cell trafficking. Finally, we reviewed current therapeutic strategies for limiting endothelial damage and suggested that preventing glycocalyx remodelling in response to aldosterone exposure may provide a novel strategy, free from the serious adverse effect of hyperkalaemia seen in response to mineralocorticoid blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Butler
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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2
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Le G, Baumann CW, Warren GL, Lowe DA. In vivo potentiation of muscle torque is enhanced in female mice through estradiol-estrogen receptor signaling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:722-730. [PMID: 36735234 PMCID: PMC10027088 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00731.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol affects several properties of skeletal muscle in females including strength. Here, we developed an approach to measure in vivo posttetanic twitch potentiation (PTP) of the anterior crural muscles of anesthetized mice and tested the hypothesis that 17β-estradiol (E2) enhances PTP through estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Peak torques of potentiated twitches were ∼40%-60% greater than those of unpotentiated twitches and such PTP was greater in ovary-intact mice, or ovariectomized (Ovx) mice treated with E2, compared with Ovx mice (P ≤ 0.047). PTP did not differ between mice with and without ERα ablated in skeletal muscle fibers (P = 0.347). Treatment of ovary-intact and Ovx mice with ERβ antagonist and agonist (PHTPP and DPN, respectively) did not affect PTP (P ≥ 0.258). Treatment with G1, an agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), significantly increased PTP in Ovx mice from 41 ± 10% to 66 ± 21% (means ± SD; P = 0.034). Collectively, these data indicate that E2 signals through GPER, and not ERα or ERβ, in skeletal muscles of female mice to augment an in vivo parameter of strength, namely, PTP.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A novel in vivo approach was developed to measure potentiation of skeletal muscle torque in female mice and highlight another parameter of strength that is impacted by estradiol. The enhancement of PTP by estradiol is mediated distinctively through the G-protein estrogen receptor, GPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyun Le
- Division of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Cory W Baumann
- Division of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Gordon L Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Division of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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3
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Di Mattia RA, Diaz-Zegarra LA, Blanco PG, Valverde CA, Gonano LA, Jaquenod De Giusti C, Portiansky EL, Vila-Petroff MG, Aiello EA, Orlowski A. The specific inhibition of the cardiac electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter leads to cardiac hypertrophy. Life Sci 2022; 312:121219. [PMID: 36435222 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two alkalinizing mechanisms coexist in cardiac myocytes to maintain intracellular pH: sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (electroneutral isoform NBCn1 and electrogenic isoform NBCe1) and sodium/proton exchanger (NHE1). Dysfunction of these transporters has previously been reported to be responsible for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the downregulation of the NBCe1 to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. To specifically reduce NBCe1 expression, we cloned shRNA into a cardiotropic adeno-associated vector (AAV9-shNBCe1). After 28 days of being injected with AAV9-shNBCe1, the expression and the activity of NBCe1 in the rat heart were reduced. Strikingly, downregulation of NBCe1 causes significant hypertrophic heart growth, lengthening of the action potential in isolated myocytes, an increase in the duration of the QT interval and an increase in the frequency of Ca2+ waves without any significant changes in Ca2+ transients. An increased compensatory expression of NBCn1 and NHE1 was also observed. We conclude that reduction of NBCe1 is sufficient to induce cardiac hypertrophy and modify the electrical features of the rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Di Mattia
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - L A Diaz-Zegarra
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - P G Blanco
- Centro de Fisiología Reproductiva & Métodos Complementarios de Diagnóstico (CEFIRE & MECODIAG), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C A Valverde
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - L A Gonano
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Jaquenod De Giusti
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - E L Portiansky
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M G Vila-Petroff
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - E A Aiello
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - A Orlowski
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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Francis AJ, Firth JM, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Gorelik J, MacLeod KT. GPER limits adverse changes to Ca 2+ signalling and arrhythmogenic activity in ovariectomised guinea pig cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1023755. [PMID: 36439245 PMCID: PMC9686394 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1023755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The increased risk of post-menopausal women developing abnormalities of heart function emphasises the requirement to understand the effect of declining oestrogen levels on cardiac electrophysiology and structure, and investigate possible therapeutic targets, namely the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER). Methods: Female guinea pigs underwent sham or ovariectomy (OVx) surgeries. Cardiomyocytes were isolated 150-days post-operatively. Membrane structure was assessed using di-8-ANEPPs staining and scanning ion conductance microscopy. Imunnohistochemistry (IHC) determined the localisation of oestrogen receptors. The effect of GPER activation on excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms were assessed using electrophysiological and fluorescence techniques. Downstream signalling proteins were investigated by western blot. Results: IHC staining confirmed the presence of nuclear oestrogen receptors and GPER, the latter prominently localised to the peri-nuclear region and having a clear striated pattern elsewhere in the cells. Following OVx, GPER expression increased and its activation reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude (by 40%) and sarcomere shortening (by 32%). In these cells, GPER activation reduced abnormal spontaneous Ca2+ activity, shortened action potential duration and limited drug-induced early after-depolarisation formation. Conclusion: In an animal species with comparable steroidogenesis and cardiac physiology to humans, we show the expression and localisation of all three oestrogen receptors in cardiac myocytes. We found that following oestrogen withdrawal, GPER expression increased and its activation limited arrhythmogenic behaviours in this low oestrogen state, indicating a potential cardioprotective role of this receptor in post-menopausal women.
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Singh R, Nasci VL, Guthrie G, Ertuglu LA, Butt MK, Kirabo A, Gohar EY. Emerging Roles for G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 in Cardio-Renal Health: Implications for Aging. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030412. [PMID: 35327604 PMCID: PMC8946600 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) and renal diseases are increasingly prevalent in the United States and globally. CV-related mortality is the leading cause of death in the United States, while renal-related mortality is the 8th. Despite advanced therapeutics, both diseases persist, warranting continued exploration of disease mechanisms to develop novel therapeutics and advance clinical outcomes for cardio-renal health. CV and renal diseases increase with age, and there are sex differences evident in both the prevalence and progression of CV and renal disease. These age and sex differences seen in cardio-renal health implicate sex hormones as potentially important regulators to be studied. One such regulator is G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). GPER1 has been implicated in estrogen signaling and is expressed in a variety of tissues including the heart, vasculature, and kidney. GPER1 has been shown to be protective against CV and renal diseases in different experimental animal models. GPER1 actions involve multiple signaling pathways: interaction with aldosterone and endothelin-1 signaling, stimulation of the release of nitric oxide, and reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune infiltration. This review will discuss the current literature regarding GPER1 and cardio-renal health, particularly in the context of aging. Improving our understanding of GPER1-evoked mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutics aimed at improving cardio-renal health and clinical outcomes in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Singh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (R.S.); (V.L.N.)
| | - Victoria L. Nasci
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (R.S.); (V.L.N.)
| | - Ginger Guthrie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (G.G.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Lale A. Ertuglu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (L.A.E.); (A.K.)
| | - Maryam K. Butt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (G.G.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (L.A.E.); (A.K.)
| | - Eman Y. Gohar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (R.S.); (V.L.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Hajializadeh Z, Khaksari M. The protective effects of 17-β estradiol and SIRT1 against cardiac hypertrophy: a review. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:725-738. [PMID: 34537933 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which leads to heart failure. Sex differences in CH can be caused by sex hormones or their receptors. The incidence of CH increases in postmenopausal women due to the decrease in female sex hormone 17-β estradiol (E2) during menopause. E2 and its receptors inhibit CH in humans and animal models. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent HDAC (histone deacetylase) and plays a major role in biological processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress responses. Probably SIRT1 because of these effects, is one of the main suppressors of CH and has a cardioprotective effect. On the other hand, estrogen and its agonists are highly efficient in modulating SIRT1 expression. In the present study, we review the protective effects of E2 and SIRT1 against CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Yang S, Yin Z, Zhu G. A review of the functions of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 in vascular and neurological aging. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174363. [PMID: 34297966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases, especially vascular and neurological disorders cause huge economic burden. How to delay vascular and neurological aging is one of the insurmountable questions. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) has been extensively investigated in recent years due to its multiple biological responses. In this review, the function of GPER in aging-related diseases represented by vascular diseases, and neurological disorders were discussed. Apart from that, activation of GPER was also found to renovate the aging brain characterized by memory decline, but in a manner different from another two nuclear estrogen receptors estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. This salutary effect would be better clarified from the aspects of synaptic inputs and transmission. Furthermore, we carefully described molecular mechanisms underpinning GPER-mediated effects. This review would update our understanding of GPER in the aging process. Targeting GPER may represent a promising strategy in the aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China.
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Dinh QN, Vinh A, Arumugam TV, Drummond GR, Sobey CG. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1: a novel target to treat cardiovascular disease in a sex-specific manner? Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3849-3863. [PMID: 33948934 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an agonist of the classical nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor-α and -β (NR3A1/2), estrogen has been assumed to inhibit the development of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women. Indeed, reduced levels of estrogen after menopause are believed to contribute to accelerated morbidity and mortality rates in women. However, estrogen replacement therapy has variable effects on cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women, including increased serious adverse events. Interestingly, preclinical studies have shown that selective activation of the novel membrane-associated G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPER, can promote cardiovascular protection. These benefits are more evident in ovariectomised than intact females or in males. It is therefore possible that selective targeting of the GPER in postmenopausal women could provide cardiovascular protection with fewer adverse effects that are caused by conventional 'receptor non-specific' estrogen replacement therapy. This review describes new data regarding the merits of targeting GPER to treat cardiovascular disease with a focus on sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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