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Yang Z, Wang J, Zhao T, Wang L, Liang T, Zheng Y. Mitochondrial structure and function: A new direction for the targeted treatment of chronic liver disease with Chinese herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118461. [PMID: 38908494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive fat accumulation, biological clock dysregulation, viral infections, and sustained inflammatory responses can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer, thus promoting the development of chronic liver disease. A comprehensive understanding of the etiological factors leading to chronic liver disease and the intrinsic mechanisms influencing its onset and progression can aid in identifying potential targets for targeted therapy. Mitochondria, as key organelles that maintain the metabolic homeostasis of the liver, provide an important foundation for exploring therapeutic targets for chronic liver disease. Recent studies have shown that active ingredients in herbal medicines and their natural products can modulate chronic liver disease by influencing the structure and function of mitochondria. Therefore, studying how Chinese herbs target mitochondrial structure and function to treat chronic liver diseases is of great significance. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigating the prospects of herbal medicine the Lens of chronic liver disease based on mitochondrial structure and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords "mitochondrial structure", "mitochondrial function", "mitochondria and chronic liver disease", "botanicals, mitochondria and chronic liver disease".Data from the Web of Science and Science Direct databases were also included. The research findings regarding herbal medicines targeting mitochondrial structure and function for the treatment of chronic liver disease are summarized. RESULTS A computerized search of PubMed using the keywords "mitochondrial structure", "mitochondrial function", "mitochondria and chronic liver disease", "phytopharmaceuticals, mitochondria, and chronic liver disease", as well as the Web of Science and Science Direct databases was conducted to summarize information on studies of mitochondrial structure- and function-based Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic liver disease and to suggest that the effects of herbal medicines on mitochondrial division and fusion.The study suggested that there is much room for research on the influence of Chinese herbs on mitochondrial division and fusion. CONCLUSIONS Targeting mitochondrial structure and function is crucial for herbal medicine to combat chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China.
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Zhang L, Wang M, An R, Dai J, Liu S, Chen M, Ding H. Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome via Drp1 Overexpression in Kupffer Cells Aggravates Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Hepatic Steatosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1069-1078. [PMID: 37577223 PMCID: PMC10412692 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Donors with fatty livers are considered to address the shortage of livers for transplantation, but those livers are particularly sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and an increased incidence of graft failure is observed. Kupffer cells account for 20-35% of liver nonparenchymal cells, and have been shown to participate in the process of IRI and inflammatory reactions of hepatic steatosis. NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) is an intracellular sensor activated by Kupffer cells to promote generation and participates in IRI. Dynamics-associated protein 1 (Drp1) is one of the main proteins regulating mitochondrial division and exacerbates IRI by affecting mitochondrial dynamics. The mechanism of interaction of Kupffer cells with Drp1 and NLRP3 to aggravate IRI has not been clarified. Methods A mouse model of hepatic steatosis was established by feeding the mice with a high-fat diet. In vitro experiments were performed using AML12 normal mouse liver cells and RAW264.7 mononuclear macrophage cells cultured in medium with palmitate and oleic acid. Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to detect the expression of NLRPP3 and Drp1 in IRI in the control and high-fat diet groups. The expression of F4/80+ cells during IRI in hepatic steatosis was verified by IHC staining, and the role of NLRPP3 and Drp1 in Kupffer-cell mediated IRI was investigated by targeting Drp-1 inhibition. Results Drp1 and NLRP3 expression was increased during IRI in hepatic steatosis, and the expression of Drp1 and NLRP3 were decreased after the elimination of Kupffer cells. That indicated Kupffer cells were involved in the process of IRI in hepatic steatosis through the action of Drp1 and NLRP3. After Drp1 inhibition, liver function was restored and NLRP3 expression level was reduced. Conclusions Kupffer cells aggravated IRI in hepatic steatosis via NLRP3 and Drp1. Drp1 inhibitors might be useful as specific therapeutics to alleviate IRI in hepatic steatosis and may have promise in case of liver donor shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Surgery Department I, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Takeuchi F, Liang YQ, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Isono M, Ang MY, Mori K, Mori T, Kakazu E, Yoshio S, Kato N. Gene-regulation modules in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease revealed by single-nucleus ATAC-seq. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301988. [PMID: 37491046 PMCID: PMC10368228 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from fatty liver to steatohepatitis using single-nucleus and bulk ATAC-seq on the livers of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Rats fed HFD for 4 wk developed fatty liver, and those fed HFD for 8 wk further progressed to steatohepatitis. We observed an increase in the proportion of inflammatory macrophages, consistent with the pathological progression. Utilizing machine learning, we divided global gene regulation into modules, wherein transcription factors within a module could regulate genes within the same module, reaffirming known regulatory relationships between transcription factors and biological processes. We identified core genes-central to co-expression and protein-protein interaction-for the biological processes discovered. Notably, a large part of the core genes overlapped with genes previously implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Single-nucleus ATAC-seq, combined with data-driven statistical analysis, offers insight into in vivo global gene regulation as a combination of modules and assists in identifying core genes of relevant biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi-Qiang Liang
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hana Shimizu-Furusawa
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mia Yang Ang
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Mori
- Medical Genomics Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizo Mori
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Kakazu
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Yoshio
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Machado IF, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. Preservation of Mitochondrial Health in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:948. [PMID: 36979927 PMCID: PMC10046671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a major cause of the development of complications in different clinical settings such as liver resection and liver transplantation. Damage arising from LIRI is a major risk factor for early graft rejection and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality after surgery. Although the mechanisms leading to the injury of parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells are not yet fully understood, mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a hallmark of LIRI that exacerbates cellular injury. Mitochondria play a major role in glucose metabolism, energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, calcium homeostasis and cell death. The diverse roles of mitochondria make it essential to preserve mitochondrial health in order to maintain cellular activity and liver integrity during liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A growing body of studies suggest that protecting mitochondria by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, fission/fusion and mitophagy during liver I/R ameliorates LIRI. Targeting mitochondria in conditions that exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, such as steatosis and aging, has been successful in decreasing their susceptibility to LIRI. Studying mitochondrial dysfunction will help understand the underlying mechanisms of cellular damage during LIRI which is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the progress made in recent years regarding the role of mitochondria in liver I/R and discuss the impact of liver conditions on LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F. Machado
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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The Yin and Yang of toll-like receptors in endothelial dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Antioxidant Effects of Irisin in Liver Diseases: Mechanistic Insights. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3563518. [PMID: 35035659 PMCID: PMC8759828 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3563518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in the development of various liver diseases. Irisin, a metabolic hormone discovered in 2012, is mainly produced by proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) in skeletal muscles. Irisin is induced by physical exercise, and a rapidly growing body of literature suggests that irisin is, at least partially, responsible for the beneficial effects of regular exercise. The major biological function of irisin is believed to be involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. However, recent studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of irisin against a variety of liver diseases involving its antioxidative function. In this review, we aim to summarize the accumulating evidence demonstrating the antioxidative effects of irisin in liver diseases, with an emphasis on the current understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms.
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