Ileal interposition improves metabolic syndrome parameters in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by monosodium glutamate

Visseral Lipectomy Improves Metabolic Syndrome Parameters and Adipokines in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome Induced by Monosodium Glutamate

OBJECTIVE

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes abdominal obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Research has indicated that reducing excess visceral fat has positive effects on inflammation and insulin resistance. We examined whether visceral lipectomy modifies the effects of MetS parameters and adipocytokine levels.

METHODS

Each group included 15 newborn male rats: control+sham (C+S), metabolic syndrome+sham (MetS+S), and metabolic syndrome+visceral lipectomy (MetS+VL). On postnatal days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 g/mg) were administered to induce MetS. The control group received saline injection. The rats underwent sham surgery or lipectomy on the 120th day of life. Two months post-surgery, tests were performed to check lipid and insulin levels as well as the Lee index, HOMA-IR, serum adiponectin (ADP), resistin, interleukin-6 (IL6), leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

RESULTS

These findings showed that the Lee index (p = 0.001), insulin resistance (p = 0.002), and hyperinsulinemia (p = 0.009) were significantly improved in the MetS+VL group compared to those in the MetS+S group. The lipid profile was unaffected by visceral lipectomy. Furthermore, visceral lipectomy normalized MetS-induced adipokine imbalance.

CONCLUSION

The decrease in the Lee index and improvement in hyperinsulinemia suggest that visceral lipectomy may benefit impaired glucose metabolism. Although visceral lipectomy has no apparent effect on the lipid profile, positive effects on adipokine levels by reducing various inflammatory markers including resistin, IL6, leptin, TNF-α, and CRP. These findings indicate that visceral lipectomy may have therapeutic potential for MetS.

NO LEVEL ASSIGNED

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

A synergistic effect of herb and acupuncture on the methamphetamine

Background

Herbal medicine Ja-Geum-Jeong (JGJ) has been used for the treatment of detoxification in Eastern Asia. However, the mechanisms involved are not clearly defined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if herb medication inhibits Methamphetamine (METH)'s reinforcing effect and also examined if a combination of herb medication and acupuncture produces a synergistic effect on METH.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given acute METH intraperitoneally and the locomotor activity and ultrasonic vocalization (USV) calls were measured. Rats were administered JGJ orally and acupuncture was given at HT7 or SI5. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists were injected into the Central amygdala (CeA) to investigate a possible neuroscientific mechanism. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) were measured to immunohistochemically and electrically confirm the behavioral data.

Results

Locomotor activity and USV calls were increased by METH (P < 0.05) and these increases were inhibited by JGJ (P < 0.05). Also, JGJ had no effect on the normal group given saline, and acupuncture at SI5 acupoint, but not at HT7 acupoint, produced a synergistic effect when combined with JGJ (P < 0.05). The JGJ's inhibition was blocked by the inactivation of CeA (P < 0.05), and MSG mimicked JGJ (P < 0.05). TH and FSCV measures showed the same pattern with the behavioral data (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Results of the present study suggest that JGJ had inhibitory effects on the METH which was mediated through the activation of CeA and that combination of acupuncture and herb produced synergistic effect.