FAM207BP, a pseudogene-derived lncRNA, facilitates proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and acts as an immune-related prognostic factor

The role of B cell immunity in lung adenocarcinoma

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer globally. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, constitutes a significant portion of cases. Adenocarcinoma, the most prevalent type, has seen a rising incidence. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), yet response rates remain unsatisfactory. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are primary ICIs for LUAD, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway between CD8+ T cells and tumor cells. However, LUAD presents a "cold tumor" phenotype with fewer CD8+ T cells and lower PD-1 expression, leading to resistance to ICIs. Thus, understanding the function of other immune cell in tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing novel immunotherapies for LUAD. B cells, which is part of the adaptive immune system, have gained attention for its role in cancer immunology. While research on B cells lags behind T cells, recent studies reveal their close correlation with prognosis and immunotherapy effectiveness in various solid tumors, including lung cancer. B cells show higher abundance, activity, and prognostic significance in LUAD than that in LUSC. This review summarizes the difference of B cell immunity between LUAD and other lung cancers, outlines the role of B cell immunity in LUAD.

Harnessing pseudogenes for lung cancer: A novel epigenetic target in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment

Pseudogenes are abundantly present in the human genome and are often thought of as nonfunctional nucleotide sequences, but a growing body of research suggests that pseudogenes can play important biological roles through a variety of pathways, and can be involved in the development of cancer. Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world and it is crucial to find new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of lung cancer. In recent years, studies on the effects of pseudogenes on lung carcinogenesis have increased rapidly. This has pointed to new directions in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Aim of this paper is to comprehensively discuss the role and influence of pseudogenes in the lung cancer, and the potential of pseudogenes as novel epigenetic targets in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis and treatment, which is significant for realizing the clinical benefits of pseudogenes.

KIS, a target of SOX4, regulates the ID1-mediated enhancement of β-catenin to facilitate lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis

PURPOSE

Kinase interacting with stathmin (KIS) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in RNA processing and protein phosphorylation. Increasing evidence has suggested its involvement in cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of KIS in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Dual luciferase assay was used to explore the relationship between KIS and SOX4, and its effect on ID1/β-catenin pathway.

METHODS

Real-time qPCR and western blot were used to assess the levels of KIS and other factors. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were monitored, and xenograft animal model were established to investigate the biological functions of KIS in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS

In the present study, KIS was found to be highly expressed in LUAD tissues and cell lines. KIS accelerated the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of LUAD cells in vitro, and promoted the growth of LUAD in a mouse tumor xenograft model in vivo. Mechanistically, KIS activated the β-catenin signaling pathway by modulating the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) and was transcriptionally regulated by SOX4 in LUAD cells.

CONCLUSION

KIS, a target of SOX4, regulates the ID1-mediated enhancement of β-catenin to facilitate LUAD cell invasion and metastasis.

tRF-29-79 regulates lung adenocarcinoma progression through mediating glutamine transporter SLC1A5

In recent decades, considerable evidence has emerged indicating the involvement of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in cancer progression through various mechanisms. However, the biological effects and mechanisms of tRFs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. In this study, we screen out tRF-29-79, a 5'-tRF derived from tRNAGlyGCC, through profiling the tRF expressions in three pairs of LUAD tissues. We show that tRF-29-79 is downregulated in LUAD and downregulation of tRF-29-79 is associated with poorer prognosis. In vivo and in vitro assay reveal that tRF-29-79 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells. Mechanistically, we discovered that tRF-29-79 interacts with the RNA-binding protein PTBP1 and facilitates the transportation of PTBP1 from nucleus to cytoplasm, which regulates alternative splicing in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SLC1A5 pre-mRNA. Given that SLC1A5 is a core transporter of glutamine, we proved that tRF-29-79 mediate glutamine metabolism of LUAD through affecting the stability of SLC1A5 mRNA, thus exerts its anticancer function. In summary, our findings uncover the novel mechanism that tRF-29-79 participates in glutamine metabolism through interacting with PTBP1 and regulating alternative splicing in the 3' UTR of SLC1A5 pre-mRNA.

Screening of Immune-related lncRNAs in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Establishing a Survival Prognostic Risk Prediction Model

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to improve lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) prognosis prediction based on a signature of immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).

METHODS

LUAD samples from the TCGA database were divided into the immunity_H group and the immunity_L group. Differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) between the two groups were identified. Optimized immune-related lncRNAs combination was obtained using LASSO Cox regression. A prognostic risk prediction (RS) model was built and further validated in the training and validation datasets. A network among lncRNAs in the RS model, their co-expressed DERs, and the related KEGG pathways were established. Critical lncRNAs were validated in LUAD tissue samples.

RESULTS

In total, 255 DERs were obtained, and 11 immune-related lncRNAs were significantly related to prognosis. Six lncRNAs were demonstrated as an optimal combination for building the RS model, including LINC00944, LINC00930, LINC00607, LINC00582, LINC00543, and LINC00319. The KM curve and ROC curve revealed the RS model to be a reliable indicator for LUAD prognosis. LINC00944 and LINC00582 showed a co-expression relationship with the MS4A1. LINC00944, LINC00582, and MS4A1 were successfully validated in LUAD samples.

CONCLUSION

We have established a promising LUAD patient survival prediction model based on six immune-related lncRNAs. For LUAD patients, this prognostic model could guide personalized treatment.

Pathological roles of miRNAs and pseudogene-derived lncRNAs in human cancers, and their comparison as prognosis/diagnosis biomarkers

This review examines and compares the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of miRNAs and lncRNAs derived from pseudogenes in cancer patients. Additionally, it delves into their roles in cancer pathogenesis. Both miRNAs and pseudogene-derived lncRNAs have undergone thorough investigation as remarkably sensitive and specific cancer biomarkers, offering significant potential for cancer detection and monitoring. . Extensive research is essential to gain a complete understanding of the precise roles these non-coding RNAs play in cancer, allowing the development of novel targeted therapies and biomarkers for improved cancer detection and treatment approaches.

Long non-coding RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for preventing therapeutic resistance

Lung cancer has the highest mortality and morbidity rates among all cancers worldwide. Despite many complex treatment options, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted drugs, immunotherapy, and combinations of these treatments, efficacy is low in cases of resistance to therapy, metastasis, and advanced disease, contributing to low overall survival. There is a pressing need for the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early diagnosis of lung cancer and to determine the efficacy and outcomes of drug treatments. There is now substantial evidence for the diagnostic and prognostic value of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This review briefly discusses recent findings on the roles and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in the responses to therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

The double homeobox a pseudogene 8 accelerates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in colon cancer

Double homeobox A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) is a known tumor promoter in several malignancies. Nonetheless, its function in colon cancer (CC) is indefinite. Herein, we explored the significance of DUXAP8 and its underlying mechanism in CC. Our data indicated that DUXAP8 was upregulated in CC, and it was related to advanced stages and lymph node metastases. Based on our Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, elevated DUXAP8 expression resulted in shorter patient overall survival (OS). Conversely, DUXAP8 silencing strongly suppressed cellular proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Based on our western blot analysis, DUXAP8 deficiency strongly inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Alternately, DUXAP8 overexpression accelerated cellular proliferation migration and invasion in CC. Finally, silencing DUXAP8 prevented tumorigenesis in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrated that DUXAP8 regulates the occurrence and advancement of CC, and may serve as a regulatory hub for this disease.

Construction of an immune-related lncRNA signature as a novel prognosis biomarker for LUAD

The tumor immune microenvironment of lung cancer is associated with prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. Long noncoding RNAs are identified as prognostic biomarkers associated with immune functions. We constructed a signature comprising differentially expressed immune-related lncRNAs to predict the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. We established the immune-related lncRNA signature by pairing immune-related lncRNAs regardless of expression level and lung adenocarcinoma patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. The prognosis of patients in the two groups was significantly different; The immune-related lncRNA signature could serve as an independent lung adenocarcinoma prognostic indicator. The signature correlated negatively with B cell, CD4+ T cell, M2 macrophage, neutrophil, and monocyte immune infiltration. Patients with low risk scores had a higher abundance of immune cells and stromal cells around the tumor. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that samples from low-risk group were more active in the IgA production in intestinal immune network and the T and B cell receptor signaling pathway. High-risk groups had significant involvement of the cell cycle, DNA replication, adherens junction, actin cytoskeleton regulation, pathways in cancer, and TGF-β signaling pathways. High risk scores correlated significantly negatively with high CTLA-4 and HAVCR2 expression and higher median inhibitory concentration of common anti-tumor chemotherapeutics (e.g., cisplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine) and targeted therapy (e.g., erlotinib and gefitinib). We identified a reliable immune-related lncRNA lung adenocarcinoma prognosis model, and the immune-related lncRNA signature showed promising clinical prediction value.