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Ferrara G, Moje N, Rossi A, Pagnini U, Iovane G, Montagnaro S. Exposure to three zoonotic pathogens in the pig population of Southern Italy. Acta Trop 2025; 264:107607. [PMID: 40164402 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Pigs represent a reservoir of infectious diseases that can be transmitted to humans through feeding or close contact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of three zoonotic pathogens (Brucella suis, Mycobacterium avium, and Paslahepevirus balayani, also called hepatitis E virus) in the swine population in the Campania region, Southern Italy. A total of 370 animals from 31 farms were sampled and tested with specific commercial ELISAs. Antibodies against hepatitis E virus were detected in 41.4 % of the animals and in almost all the farms (83.8 %). Mycobacterium avium and Brucella suis were less widespread (seroprevalences of 3.5 % and 0 % at the individual level, 32.3 % and 0 % at the farm level, respectively). The univariate analysis of risk factors showed that sex (males), location (Naples), age (growers and finishers), farm size, and system (intensive) were related to higher hepatitis E virus prevalences. We also found higher seroprevalences in pigs belonging to districts where bovines were the main ruminant species. This variable and age were confirmed as risk factors also in multivariate analysis. The data obtained highlighted how pigs are HEV reservoirs also in southern Italy and that pigs in this region are also exposed to Mycobacterium avium but not to Brucella suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy.
| | - Nebyou Moje
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Antonella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137, Naples, Italy
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Huang X, Lu J, Liao M, Huang Y, Wu T, Xia N. Progress and Challenges to Hepatitis E Vaccine Development and Deployment. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:719. [PMID: 39066357 PMCID: PMC11281425 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E is a significant cause of acute hepatitis, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates, and capable of causing large epidemics through fecal-oral transmission. Currently, no specific treatment for hepatitis E has been approved. Given the notably high mortality rate among HEV-infected pregnant women and individuals with underlying chronic liver disease, concerted efforts have been made to develop effective vaccines. The only licensed hepatitis E vaccine worldwide, the HEV 239 (Hecolin) vaccine, has been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in Phase III clinical trials, in which the efficacy of three doses of HEV 239 remained at 86.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 73.0-94.1) at the end of 10 years follow-up. In this review, the progress and challenges for hepatitis E vaccines are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jiaoxi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mengjun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; (X.H.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
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