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de Miranda E Silva Chaves C, da Costa RLD, Duarte KMR, Beltrame RT, Quirino CR. Evaluation of a cattle rapid test for early pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1345-1349. [PMID: 31811509 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The early pregnancy diagnosis allows optimizing production and timely management correction, with a greater reproductive output of livestock. The Idexx Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test® consists of an ELISA for visual reading which does not require the use of readers in the laboratory, with satisfactory pregnancy diagnoses at 28 days of pregnancy in cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate this rapid test and to verify the most appropriate day for the diagnosis of pregnancy in the ovine species. For this purpose, 98 serum samples from pregnant sheep and 36 from non-pregnant were used, with duplicate samples, and diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound examination, used as the gold standard. The numbers of positive samples obtained at 26, 28, and 30 days of pregnancy were 26, 27, and 45, respectively. The Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test correctly identified 100% of the samples as positive at pregnancy of days 26, 28, and 30. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were also 100%. The Idexx Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test, initially indicated for cattle, is effective for the detection of pregnancy in the ovine species, enabling diagnosis of pregnant sheep from the 26th day of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renato Travassos Beltrame
- Centro Universitário do Espírito Santo (UNESC), Avenida Fioravante Rossi, 2930, Colatina, ES, 29703-900, Brazil
| | - Celia Raquel Quirino
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque California, Campos dos Goitacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
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Quintero Rodríguez LE, Rearte R, Domínguez G, Luzbel de la Sota R, Madoz LV, Giuliodori MJ. Late embryonic losses in supplemented grazing lactating dairy cows: Risk factors and reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9481-9487. [PMID: 31351729 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for late embryonic loss (LEL) in supplemented grazing dairy cows. Additional objectives were to assess the incidence of LEL and its association with the reproductive performance of cows. A data set containing productive, reproductive, and health records of 13,551 lactations was used. A retrospective case-control study involving 631 cows with LEL (cases) and 2,524 controls (4 controls per case within each study year) was run. A case of LEL was defined when the embryo had no heartbeat or there was evidence of detached membranes or floating structures including embryo remnants by ultrasonography (US) at 28 to 42 d post-artificial insemination (AI), whereas a non-case was defined as a cow diagnosed with positive pregnancy by US 28 to 42 d post-AI and reconfirmed as pregnant 90 ± 7 d post-AI. Four controls per case were randomly selected from the non-cases with a temporal matching criterion (±3 d around the date of the fecundating AI of the case). Multivariable logistic models were offered with the following predictors: year of LEL (2011 through 2015), season of LEL (summer vs. fall vs. winter vs. spring), parity (1 vs. 2 vs. ≥3), uterine disease (UD), non-uterine disease (NUD), body condition score at parturition, body condition score at 28 to 42 d post-AI (BCS-LEL), days in milk (DIM), and daily milk yield (MY). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 and a tendency was set at P ≤ 0.10. We found that 4.7, 22, and 23% of cows had LEL, UD, and NUD, respectively. Cases tended to have higher daily MY than controls (32.5 vs. 31.8 kg); also, cases had much longer calving to pregnancy interval (226 vs. 118 d), lower hazard of pregnancy [hazard ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.35-0.43], and higher odds for non-pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 2.89, 95% CI = 2.37-3.54] than controls. We found that the odds for LEL increased with parity number (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.99-3.08 for parity ≥3) and with BCS-LEL <2.50 (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.33-2.47). Conversely, the odds for LEL decreased with BCS-LEL >3.00 (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53-0.91). The odds for LEL increased with UD (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.01-1.49), NUD (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01-1.54), DIM (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00-1.05), and daily MY (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04-1.25) in univariable models only. Finally, the odds for LEL were not associated with year, season, DIM, and body condition score at parturition. In conclusion, LEL is associated with extended calving to pregnancy interval, and among its risk factors are parity number and BCS-LEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Quintero Rodríguez
- Cátedra y Servicio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, B1900AVW Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Rearte
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina; Cátedra de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, B1900AVW Argentina
| | | | - R Luzbel de la Sota
- Cátedra y Servicio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, B1900AVW Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Laura V Madoz
- Cátedra y Servicio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, B1900AVW Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Mauricio J Giuliodori
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, B1900AVW Argentina.
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Mense K, Heidekorn-Dettmer J, Wirthgen E, Brockelmann Y, Bortfeldt R, Peter S, Jung M, Höflich C, Hoeflich A, Schmicke M. Increased Concentrations of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP)-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 Are Associated With Fetal Mortality in Pregnant Cows. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:310. [PMID: 29946296 PMCID: PMC6006986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a critical role in fetal growth, and components of the IGF system have been associated with fetal growth restriction in women. In human pregnancy, the proteolytic cleavage of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), particularly IGFBP-4, releases free IGF for respective action at the tissue level. The aim of the present study was to determine IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 concentrations by Western ligand blotting during pregnancy until day 100 in cows and to compare these concentrations with those of non-pregnant cows and cows undergoing embryonic/fetal mortality. Therefore, two study trials (I and II) and an in vitro study were conducted. In study I, 43 cows were not pregnant, 34 cows were pregnant, and 4 cows were undergoing fm. In study II, 500 cows were examined, and 7 cases of pregnancy loss between days 24-27 and 34-37 after artificial insemination (AI, late embryonic mortality; em) and 8 cases of pregnancy loss between days 34-37 and 54-57 after AI (late embryonic mortality and early fetal mortality; em/fm) were defined from the analyses of 30 pregnant and 20 non-pregnant cows randomly selected for insulin-like growth factor 1 and IGFBP analyses. In vitro serum from pregnant (n = 3) and non-pregnant (n = 3) cows spiked after incubation with recombinant human (rh) IGFBP-4 for 24 h, and IGFBP-4 levels were analyzed before and after incubation to detect proteolytic degradation. The IGFBP-2, -3, and -4 concentrations did not decline during early pregnancy in cows, while IGFBP-4 concentrations were comparable between pregnant and non-pregnant cows, irrespective of low proteolytic activity, which was also demonstrated in cows. Interestingly, cows with em or fm showed distinct IGFBP patterns. The IGFBP-2 and -3 concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in cows with fm compared to pregnant. The IGFBP-4 levels were significantly higher in cows developing fm. Thus, distinct differences in the circulating IGFBP concentrations could be associated with late embryonic and early fetal losses in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Mense
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow, Bernau, Germany
| | - Julia Heidekorn-Dettmer
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Wirthgen
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Yette Brockelmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Bortfeldt
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow, Bernau, Germany
| | - Sarah Peter
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow, Bernau, Germany
| | - Markus Jung
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow, Bernau, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marion Schmicke
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marion Schmicke,
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López-Gatius F, Hunter R. From pre-ovulatory follicle palpation to the challenge of twin pregnancies: Clinical reflections following one million gynaecological examinations in dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52 Suppl 4:4-11. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. López-Gatius
- Agrotecnio Center; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
- Transfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu; Barbastro Spain
| | - R.H.F. Hunter
- Sidney Sussex College; University of Cambridge; Cambridge England
- Ladfield; Jedburgh Scotland
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Abdalla H, Elghafghuf A, Elsohaby I, Nasr MAF. Maternal and non-maternal factors associated with late embryonic and early fetal losses in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 100:16-23. [PMID: 28708529 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Defining factors associated with embryonic and/or fetal losses will be helpful in overcoming such problem, either by adjusting conditions or applying therapeutic approaches to high-risk cows. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between a number of maternal and non-maternal factors and the risk of late embryonic (LED) and early fetal death (EFD) in dairy herds. Additionally, we investigated the effect of treating pregnant cows either with GnRH on day 26 post-insemination, or GnRH on day 26 plus CIDR insertion between days 26 and 33 post-insemination, on the risk of LED/EFD. From 3826 pregnancies, diagnosed at day 30 post-insemination, 851 cows lost the pregnancy by day 70 post-insemination. A mixed-effects logistic model was constructed to assess the effect of cow breed, calving difficulty, postpartum problems, lactation number, days in milk, insemination number, actual 305-day milk production, temperature humidity index (THI) at insemination, estrus synchronization protocols, and other factors, on the risk of LED/EFD. Our findings indicated that Holstein X Brown Swiss crossbreed cows had a lower risk for LED/EFD than Holstein cows (P < 0.05). Cows that had postpartum problems, were inseminated for the first time, produced more milk, or were inseminated at THI ≥75, recorded higher risks of LED/EFD (P < 0.05). Calving difficulty, lactation number, and synchronization protocols were not found to be associated with LED/EFD. Moreover, treatment of the pregnant cows with GnRH on day 26 post-insemination plus CIDR insertion between days 26 and 33 post-insemination decreased the risk of LED/EFD. In conclusion, cows that had postpartum problems, were inseminated early postpartum, produced higher milk, and/or were inseminated at high THI, were under higher risk of LED/EFD. Treating such cows with GnRH on day 26 plus CIDR insertion between days 26 and 33 may decrease the possibility of the LED/EFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Abdalla
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Adel Elghafghuf
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Misurata, P.O. Box 2478, Misurata, Libya
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A F Nasr
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
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