1
|
Novaes MAS, Veloso CM, Siqueira OHGBD, Ferreira MFL, Lovatti JVR, Oliveira HR, Cunha CS, Gionbelli TRS, Espeschit CJB, Alba HDR, de Carvalho GGP. Use of Castor Bean Meal, Biodiesel Industry Coproduct, in A Lamb Production System Using Creep-Feeding in Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081250. [PMID: 32717900 PMCID: PMC7459915 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Economically, feed costs are the most expensive variable in the ruminant industry. Therefore, finding an alternative feed resource to decrease these costs is necessary. Castor bean is an oilseed used in the growing biodiesel industry from which the castor bean meal is obtained; however, the ricin content of the castor bean meal may cause animal poisoning. Thus, it is necessary to detoxify the castor bean meal before using it in animal feed. A creep-feeding method is a supplement to the actual alimentation of young animals and as a complement; its economic value must be lower. This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by detoxified castor bean meal on intake, digestibility, body weight gain, and creep-feeding method effectiveness using castor bean meal in lambs. It was found that replacing soybean meal by detoxified castor bean meal does not compromise the development of animals, while the use of creep feeding positively affects their development. The soybean meal can be replaced by detoxified castor bean meal in a creep-feeding method for lambs. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by detoxified castor bean meal on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, body weight gain, carcass yield, physiological and urinary parameters, and creep-feeding method effectiveness. For this trial, 43 male lambs were used, Dorper × Santa Inês, with an average initial body weight of 7.95 kg, 15 days old. Lambs were distributed in a randomized block design. Five experimental diets were provided: Without supplementation, with supplementation but without the use of castor bean meal, and with gradual levels of replacement of soybean meal by detoxified castor bean meal (33%, 67%, and 100%). Higher values of DMI and nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05) were observed for animals that received supplements. The milk intake did not differ among the diets. The DMD showed a linear effect, while NDFD had a quadratic effect, depending on castor bean meal inclusion. The carcass yield did not differ between experimental diets. There was no significant effect on the urinary volume and metabolites investigated. In conclusion, the replacement of soybean meal by detoxified castor bean meal does not compromise animals’ development. Besides, the creep-feeding method positively affects lamb development, with higher body weight gain for supplemented animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. S. Novaes
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.S.N.); (O.H.G.B.D.S.); (M.F.L.F.); (J.V.R.L.); (H.R.O.); (T.R.S.G.); (C.J.B.E.)
| | - Cristina M. Veloso
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.S.N.); (O.H.G.B.D.S.); (M.F.L.F.); (J.V.R.L.); (H.R.O.); (T.R.S.G.); (C.J.B.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-36124629
| | - Otávio H. G. B. D. Siqueira
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.S.N.); (O.H.G.B.D.S.); (M.F.L.F.); (J.V.R.L.); (H.R.O.); (T.R.S.G.); (C.J.B.E.)
| | - Matheus F. L. Ferreira
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.S.N.); (O.H.G.B.D.S.); (M.F.L.F.); (J.V.R.L.); (H.R.O.); (T.R.S.G.); (C.J.B.E.)
| | - João V. R. Lovatti
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.S.N.); (O.H.G.B.D.S.); (M.F.L.F.); (J.V.R.L.); (H.R.O.); (T.R.S.G.); (C.J.B.E.)
| | - Hinayah R. Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.S.N.); (O.H.G.B.D.S.); (M.F.L.F.); (J.V.R.L.); (H.R.O.); (T.R.S.G.); (C.J.B.E.)
| | - Camila S. Cunha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Tathyane R. S. Gionbelli
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.S.N.); (O.H.G.B.D.S.); (M.F.L.F.); (J.V.R.L.); (H.R.O.); (T.R.S.G.); (C.J.B.E.)
| | - Claudio J. B. Espeschit
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.S.N.); (O.H.G.B.D.S.); (M.F.L.F.); (J.V.R.L.); (H.R.O.); (T.R.S.G.); (C.J.B.E.)
| | - Henry D. R. Alba
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil; (H.D.R.A.); (G.G.P.d.C.)
| | - Gleidson G. P. de Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil; (H.D.R.A.); (G.G.P.d.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
An attractive alternative to the use of fossil fuels is biodiesel, which can be obtained from a variety of feedstock through different transesterification systems such as ultrasound, microwave, biological, chemical, among others. The efficient and cost-effective biodiesel production depends on several parameters such as free fatty acid content in the feedstock, transesterification reaction efficiency, alcohol:oil ratio, catalysts type, and several parameters during the production process. However, biodiesel production from vegetable oils is under development, causing the final price of biodiesel to be higher than diesel derived from petroleum. An alternative to decrease the production costs will be the use of economical feedstocks and simple production processes. Castor oil is an excellent raw material in terms of price and quality, but especially this non-edible vegetable oil does not have any issues or compromise food security. Recently, the use of castor oil has attracted attention for producing and optimizing biodiesel production, due to high content of ricinoleic fatty acid and the possibility to esterify with only methanol, which assures low production costs. Additionally, biodiesel from castor oil has different advantages over conventional diesel. Some of them are biodegradable, non-toxic, renewable, they can be used alone, low greenhouse gas emission, among others. This review discusses and analyzes different transesterification processes, technologies, as well as different technical aspects during biodiesel production using castor oil as a feedstock.
Collapse
|
3
|
de Araújo RA, Neiva JNM, Rogério MCP, Neto CFDS, Figueiredo HOS, Maranhão SR, Perdigão NRDOF, Pompeu RCFF. Feeding behavior and physiological parameters of goats fed with detoxified castor cake at different stages of pregnancy. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1594119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
4
|
De Araújo RA, Neiva JNM, Rogério MCP, Pimentel PG, Furtado RN, Mariz LDS, Cândido MJD, Pompeu RCFF. Ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of lactating goats fed diets containing detoxified castor cake. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1594120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
5
|
Matos LHAD, Carvalho GGPD, Silva RR, Leite LC, Santos SA, Conceição CP, Santos LM, Azevêdo JAGD, Santos AV, Pina DDS, Novais DL, Rufino LMDA. The Use of Castor Meal, a by-Product of the Biodiesel Industry, in a Beef Production System in Tropical Pastures. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2017-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of castor meal, a by-product of the biodiesel industry, on growth performance and feeding behavior of heifers in a pasture production system in Northeast Brazil. Forty Holstein × Zebu crossbred heifers with an initial body weight of 257±26 kg were kept on a Brachiaria decumbens pasture under continuous grazing. The experiment lasted 140 days and was conducted in a completly randomized design with five levels of replacement of soybean meal with castor meal (0, 200, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg of dry matter) in the supplements. Intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, performance, and carcass characteristics were evaluated. The total intakes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), ether extract, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased as the castor meal levels were increased. The digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, OM, and TDN decreased as the levels of castor meal in the supplement were increased. The castor meal levels in the supplement did not affect final body weight, average daily gain, feed conversion, hot carcass weight, or carcass dressing of the heifers. The use of supplements containing up to 1000 g/kg DM castor meal replacing soybean meal reduced the DM intake but did not change the average daily gain and feed efficiency of the heifers. Thus, the use of castor meal is a recommendable strategy to reduce production costs in a beef cattle grazing system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Henrique Almeida de Matos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, 40170-110, Salvador , Bahia Brazil
| | | | - Robério Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Rural and Animal Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga , Brazil
| | - Laudí Cunha Leite
- Center for Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas , BA, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Alvarenga Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, 40170-110, Salvador , Bahia Brazil
| | - Cinara Peixoto Conceição
- Center for Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas , BA, Brazil
| | - Lenon Machado Santos
- Center for Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas , BA, Brazil
| | | | - Aracele Vieira Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, 40170-110, Salvador , Bahia Brazil
| | - Douglas dos Santos Pina
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, 40170-110, Salvador , Bahia Brazil
| | - Daiane Lago Novais
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, 40170-110, Salvador , Bahia Brazil
| | - Luana Marta de Almeida Rufino
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, 40170-110, Salvador , Bahia Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Teixeira CSC, de Carvalho GGP, Nicory ICM, Santos AV, Dos Pina DS, de Júnior JEF, de Araújo MLGML, de Rufino LMA, Cirne LGA, Pires AJV. Evaluation of days of total collection and use of internal markers in nutritional trials with small ruminants. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:815-823. [PMID: 29270907 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the number of days required for total fecal collection and the viability of using the indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) internal markers to determine the fecal excretion of dry matter (FEDM) and digestibility in nutritional trials with small ruminants. Eight sheep in the first experiment and eight goats in the second experiment were distributed into two 4 × 4 Latin square designs. There were no significant differences between days of total fecal collection for FEDM; digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), and non-fibrous carbohydrates corrected for ash and protein (NFCap); and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in both species. The results suggest that only 1 day of total collection is sufficient to obtain the FEDM and the digestibility of the nutritional components in sheep and goats. The markers are efficient in determining fecal production and digestibility in these animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isis C M Nicory
- Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-100, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luís G A Cirne
- Federal University of Oeste of Pará, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Carvalho G, Rebouças R, Campos F, Santos E, Araújo G, Gois G, de Oliveira J, Oliveira R, de A. Rufino L, Azevedo J, Cirne L. Intake, digestibility, performance, and feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing silages of different tropical forage species. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Palmieri AD, de Carvalho GGP, Tosto MSL, Leite VM, Santos SA, Borja MS, Azevêdo JAG, Júnior JEF, Leite LC, de Almeida Rufino LM. Feeding behavior of finishing goats fed diets containing detoxified castor meal, co-product of the biodiesel industry. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:389-395. [PMID: 27981417 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was made into the feeding behavior of goats to evaluate the effects of a detoxified castor bean meal in the diet of goats. Thirty-six ½ crossbred Boer goats were used, with an average weight of 20 ± 3.2 kg. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments (diets with of 0, 100, 200, and 300 g detoxified castor bean meals/kg dry matter) and nine replicates. Castor bean meal was detoxified using calcium oxide. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, and the forage:concentrate ratio was 50:50. The feeding behavior was observed on the 17th, 45th, and 70th days of the experiment. For the evaluation of feeding behavior (feeding, idle, and rumination times), the animals were observed in 5-min intervals for 24 h. The addition of detoxified castor bean meal did not change (P > 0.05) the evaluated behavioral variables. Linear reduction was observed (P < 0.05) in the efficiencies of feeding and rumination, expressed in g dry matter/h. The variables related to the time series discretization of the feeding behavior of goats did not change (P > 0.05) with the inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal. The inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal in growing goats' diets does not change the feeding, rumination, and idle times, however, decreases intake, feeding, and rumination efficiencies of dry matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laudi Cunha Leite
- Federal University of the Reconcavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Correia BR, de Carvalho GGP, Oliveira RL, Pires AJV, Ribeiro OL, Silva RR, Leão AG, Oliveira PA. Intake, digestibility, performance, and nitrogen metabolism of feedlot-finished young bulls () fed diets containing peanut cake. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4720-4727. [PMID: 27898972 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This aim of this study was to evaluate the use of peanut cake as a dietary substitute for soybean meal and to determine the effects on intake, apparent digestibility, performance, and N metabolism in feedlot-finished young bulls. Thirty-two young Nellore bulls with an average initial BW of 390 ± 43.5 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design and individually housed in stalls. The young bulls were fed Tifton 85 hay and 4 concentrate mixes containing 0, 33, 66, or 100% peanut cake replacing soybean meal. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 150 g/kg CP, and isocaloric (65% TDN), to have a 40:60 forage:concentrate ratio, and were provided as a total mixed ration. The experiment lasted 90 d and data were collected every 28 d. Blood and urine samples were taken during the last 6 d. Intakes of DM ( = 0.005), OM ( = 0.006), CP ( = 0.002), NDF ( = 0.022), nonfiber carbohydrates ( = 0.002), and TDN ( = 0.018) linearly decreased as the dietary inclusion of peanut cake in the diet was increased. Conversely, intake and ether extract digestibility linearly increased ( < 0.035). The average daily weight gain decreased ( = 0.015) as the peanut cake levels were increased. Plasma urea N decreased (linearly; = 0.005). Peanut cake may not be used to replace soybean meal in the diet of young feedlot-finished Nellore bulls.
Collapse
|
10
|
|