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Ukashi O, Pflantzer B, Barash Y, Klang E, Segev S, Yablecovitch D, Kopylov U, Ben-Horin S, Laish I. Risk factors and prediction algorithm for advanced neoplasia on screening colonoscopy for average-risk individuals. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221101291. [PMID: 35795377 PMCID: PMC9252006 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening with colonoscopy for all average-risk population is probably not cost-effective due to the limited sources and over-generalization of the risk, and risk stratification can be used to optimize colorectal cancer screening. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess risk factors for advanced neoplasia (AN) and a classification tree algorithm to predict the risk. DESIGN This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS This study was composed of consecutive asymptomatic average-risk individuals undergoing first screening colonoscopy between 2008 and 2019. Detailed characteristics including background diseases, habits, and medications were collected. We used multivariable logistic regression to investigate the associations between clinical variables and the presence of AN and built a classification algorithm to predict AN. RESULTS A total of 3856 patients were included (73.2% male, median age 55). Adenoma and AN detection rate were 15.8% and 3.4%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, predictors of AN [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] were age (1.04, 1.01-1.06, p = 0.003), male sex (2.69, 1.56-4.64, p < 0.001), and smoking (1.97, 1.38-2.81, p < 0.001). A classification tree algorithm showed that smoking was the most important risk factor for prediction of AN (4.9% versus 2.4%, p < 0.001), followed by age with a cutoff value of 60 in the smokers (8.4% versus 3.8%, p = 0.001) and 50 in the non-smokers (2.9% versus 0.9%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Smoking habits, old age, and male gender are highly associated with an increased risk for AN and should be incorporated in the individualized risk-assessment to adapt a screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barak Pflantzer
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yiftach Barash
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel,Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,DeepVision Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eyal Klang
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel,Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,DeepVision Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shlomo Segev
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel,Institute of Medical Screening, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Doron Yablecovitch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Kopylov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shomron Ben-Horin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Laish
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Imad FE, Drissi H, Tawfiq N, Bendahhou K, Benider A, Radallah D. [A case-control study on dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Morocco]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:59. [PMID: 32537063 PMCID: PMC7250211 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.59.18214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction given its frequency and severity, colorectal cancer is a major public health problem. Diet plays a key role in preventing this type of cancer. The purpose of our study was to determine dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in our Moroccan context. Methods we conducted a case-control study including patients with colorectal cancer compared with controls. The statistical analysis of results was carried out using R software. Results our study included 225 patients treated for cancer at the Mohammed VI Hospital Center and 225 controls. The average age of our study population at the time of diagnosis was 55.49±14.06 years, including 119 men (52.9%) and 106 women (47.1%) with a sex ratio of 1.12. Associations were found between the highest intakes of red meats, cold meats, sausages and the risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001) with F4 (4-7 times / week) vs F1 (never): OR = 4.4 (1.6-11.9); (p = 0.001), OR = 1.7 (0.5-5.7); (p = 0.003), OR = 5.7 (1.2-27.4)). On the other hand, consumption of fish was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001; OR = 0.3 (0.11-0.7)), while consumption of poultry and grilled eggs was not associated with colorectal cancer. We also found that consumption of fresh vegetables and cooked vegetables was low in patients compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, a high intake of black coffee was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001; F4 vs F1: OR = 0.2 (0.1-0.4)). Conclusion our study highlights that dietary changes can prevent or impede the growth of colorectal cancer. It is essential to promote balanced diet, rich in fish, vegetables, fruits and fibers without exceeding recommended levels of red meat and avoiding cold meats and sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Houda Drissi
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, Unité de Recherche Associée, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Urac-34, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Nezha Tawfiq
- Centre Mohammed VI pour le Traitement des Cancers, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Ibn Rochd, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | | | - Abdellatif Benider
- Centre Mohammed VI pour le Traitement des Cancers, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Ibn Rochd, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Driss Radallah
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, Unité de Recherche Associée, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Urac-34, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
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Rossi M, Jahanzaib Anwar M, Usman A, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Colorectal Cancer and Alcohol Consumption-Populations to Molecules. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E38. [PMID: 29385712 PMCID: PMC5836070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, being the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the world. Several environmental and habitual factors have been associated with the CRC risk. Alcohol intake, a common and rising habit of modern society, is one of the major risk factors for development of CRC. Here, we will summarize the evidence linking alcohol with colon carcinogenesis and possible underlying mechanisms. Some epidemiologic studies suggest that even moderate drinking increases the CRC risk. Metabolism of alcohol involves ethanol conversion to its metabolites that could exert carcinogenic effects in the colon. Production of ethanol metabolites can be affected by the colon microbiota, another recently recognized mediating factor to colon carcinogenesis. The generation of acetaldehyde and alcohol's other metabolites leads to activation of cancer promoting cascades, such as DNA-adduct formation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, epigenetic alterations, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune modulatory effects. Not only does alcohol induce its toxic effect through carcinogenic metabolites, but alcoholics themselves are predisposed to a poor diet, low in folate and fiber, and circadian disruption, which could further augment alcohol-induced colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Muhammad Jahanzaib Anwar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ahmad Usman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Murchie B, Tandon K, Hakim S, Shah K, O'Rourke C, Castro FJ. A New Scoring System to Predict the Risk for High-risk Adenoma and Comparison of Existing Risk Calculators. J Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 51:345-351. [PMID: 27322531 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines likely over-generalizes CRC risk, 35% of Americans are not up to date with screening, and there is growing incidence of CRC in younger patients. GOALS We developed a practical prediction model for high-risk colon adenomas in an average-risk population, including an expanded definition of high-risk polyps (≥3 nonadvanced adenomas), exposing higher than average-risk patients. We also compared results with previously created calculators. STUDY Patients aged 40 to 59 years, undergoing first-time average-risk screening or diagnostic colonoscopies were evaluated. Risk calculators for advanced adenomas and high-risk adenomas were created based on age, body mass index, sex, race, and smoking history. Previously established calculators with similar risk factors were selected for comparison of concordance statistic (c-statistic) and external validation. RESULTS A total of 5063 patients were included. Advanced adenomas, and high-risk adenomas were seen in 5.7% and 7.4% of the patient population, respectively. The c-statistic for our calculator was 0.639 for the prediction of advanced adenomas, and 0.650 for high-risk adenomas. When applied to our population, all previous models had lower c-statistic results although one performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS Our model compares favorably to previously established prediction models. Age and body mass index were used as continuous variables, likely improving the c-statistic. It also reports absolute predictive probabilities of advanced and high-risk polyps, allowing for more individualized risk assessment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Murchie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
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El Housse H, Ajbara W, Amsaguine S, El Amrani N, Drissi H, Ahallat M, Radallah D. Profils épidémiologique et anatomoclinique d’une population marocaine atteinte de cancer colorectal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12558-014-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Okabayashi K, Ashrafian H, Hasegawa H, Yoo JH, Patel VM, Harling L, Rowland SP, Ali M, Kitagawa Y, Darzi A, Athanasiou T. Body mass index category as a risk factor for colorectal adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:1175-85; quiz 1186. [PMID: 22733302 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between increasing body weight and colorectal adenoma prevalence has been suggested to follow a similar pattern to excess weight and colorectal cancer, although the magnitude of this relationship has not been validated. The objective of this study was to quantify the association and dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and colorectal adenoma prevalence in clinical trials. METHODS We systematically reviewed 23 studies (168,201 participants), which compared the prevalence of colorectal adenomas according to World Health Organization BMI categories. We assessed the effects of each BMI category on colorectal adenomas where odds ratio (OR) was used as a surrogate for effect size, and applied multivariate meta-analysis as a method of sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of our findings and to analyze adenoma prevalence by multiple BMI categories simultaneously to assess for a dose-response relationship. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS Subjects with a BMI of ≥25 had a significantly higher prevalence of colorectal adenomas (OR=1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-1.33), P<0.01) when compared with those with BMI<25. Multivariate meta-analysis also confirmed a positive association between higher BMI categories and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma (BMI: 25-30 vs. BMI<25; OR=1.21 (95% CI: 1.07-1.38), P<0.01; BMI≥30 vs. BMI<25; OR=1.32 (95% CI: 1.18-1.48), P<0.01) and revealed a dose-response relationship. CONCLUSIONS The positive association between obesity and colorectal adenoma prevalence demonstrates an underlying dose-response relationship according to BMI. Colorectal centers may benefit from the timely screening of obese patients for colorectal adenomas in addition to clarifying the biological role of adiposity on colorectal tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
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