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Sosa J, Oyelakin A, Sinha S. The Reign of Follistatin in Tumors and Their Microenvironment: Implications for Drug Resistance. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:130. [PMID: 38392348 PMCID: PMC10887188 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a potent neutralizer of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is associated with normal cellular programs and various hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. The aberrant expression of FST by solid tumors is a well-documented observation, yet how FST influences tumor progression and therapy response remains unclear. The recent surge in omics data has revealed new insights into the molecular foundation underpinning tumor heterogeneity and its microenvironment, offering novel precision medicine-based opportunities to combat cancer. In this review, we discuss these recent FST-centric studies, thereby offering an updated perspective on the protean role of FST isoforms in shaping the complex cellular ecosystem of tumors and in mediating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Lim J, Murphy A, Wong S, Nagrial A, Karikios D, Daneshvar D, McCloy R, Steinmann AM, O'Toole S, Chin V. Activin-A, Growth Differentiation Factor-11 and Transforming Growth Factor-β as predictive biomarkers for platinum chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100576. [PMID: 35597155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy, platinum-based chemotherapy remains crucial for many patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Resistance to platinum chemotherapy is common, and predictive biomarkers are needed to tailor treatment to patients likely to respond. In vitro evidence implicates the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily ligands activin-A and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11) in innate platinum resistance. We performed a validation study to assess their utility as predictive biomarkers of platinum chemotherapy response in advanced NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study included 123 adult patients with advanced NSCLC without a driver mutation treated with platinum chemotherapy. 98 patients were from a retrospective cohort and 25 from a prospective cohort. We performed immunohistochemistry staining for Activin-A, GDF-11 and TGF-β on tumour samples for each patient and analysed IHC expression with objective radiological response and overall survival. RESULTS The overall median survival was 14.8 months. We performed statistical analysis around a cytoplasmic score of 8/18 for Activin-A and GDF-11 based on previously published work, and 110/30 for TGF-β based on a calculated cutpoint for significance. No survival difference was detected between these groups for Activin-A (p=0.35), GDF-11 (p=0.57) or TGF-β (p=0.34). There was no association between rates of progressive disease and high Activin-A expression (p=0.43), high GDF-11 expression (p=1.0) or high TGF-β expression p=0.89). CONCLUSION Within the confines of our study, Activin-A, GDF-11 and TGF-β expression was not a predictor of objective radiological response to chemotherapy or overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lim
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Alexander Murphy
- The Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, 166-174 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead Sydney, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Cnr Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Stephen Wong
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Adnan Nagrial
- The Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, 166-174 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead Sydney, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Cnr Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Deme Karikios
- Nepean Cancer and Wellness Centre, Somerset Street, Kingswood, Sydney, Australia; Nepean Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, 62 Derby Street, Kingswood, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Dariush Daneshvar
- Westmead Hospital, Cnr Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Road, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rachael McCloy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Angela M Steinmann
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Venessa Chin
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.
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