1
|
Finno CJ, Bordbari MH, Gianino G, Ming-Whitfield B, Burns E, Merkel J, Britton M, Durbin-Johnson B, Sloma EA, McMackin M, Cortopassi G, Rivas V, Barro M, Tran CK, Gennity I, Habib H, Xu L, Puschner B, Miller AD. An innate immune response and altered nuclear receptor activation defines the spinal cord transcriptome during alpha-tocopherol deficiency in Ttpa-null mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120. [PMID: 29526809 PMCID: PMC5940542 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mice with deficiency in tocopherol (alpha) transfer protein gene develop peripheral tocopherol deficiency and sensory neurodegeneration. Ttpa-/- mice maintained on diets with deficient α-tocopherol (α-TOH) had proprioceptive deficits by six months of age, axonal degeneration and neuronal chromatolysis within the dorsal column of the spinal cord and its projections into the medulla. Transmission electron microscopy revealed degeneration of dorsal column axons. We addressed the potential pathomechanism of α-TOH deficient neurodegeneration by global transcriptome sequencing within the spinal cord and cerebellum. RNA-sequencing of the spinal cord in Ttpa-/- mice revealed upregulation of genes associated with the innate immune response, indicating a molecular signature of microglial activation as a result of tocopherol deficiency. For the first time, low level Ttpa expression was identified in the murine spinal cord. Further, the transcription factor liver X receptor (LXR) was strongly activated by α-TOH deficiency, triggering dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. The aberrant activation of transcription factor LXR suppressed the normal induction of the transcription factor retinoic-related orphan receptor-α (RORA), which is required for neural homeostasis. Thus we find that α-TOH deficiency induces LXR, which may lead to a molecular signature of microglial activation and contribute to sensory neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Matthew H Bordbari
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Giuliana Gianino
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Brittni Ming-Whitfield
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Erin Burns
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Janel Merkel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Monica Britton
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Erica A Sloma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Marissa McMackin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Victor Rivas
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Marietta Barro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Cecilia K Tran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Ingrid Gennity
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Hadi Habib
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Otulakowski G, Engelberts D, Arima H, Hirate H, Bayir H, Post M, Kavanagh BP. α-Tocopherol transfer protein mediates protective hypercapnia in murine ventilator-induced lung injury. Thorax 2017; 72:538-549. [PMID: 28159772 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypercapnia is common in mechanically ventilated patients. Experimentally, 'therapeutic hypercapnia' can protect, but it can also cause harm, depending on the mechanism of injury. Hypercapnia suppresses multiple signalling pathways. Previous investigations have examined mechanisms that were known a priori, but only a limited number of pathways, each suppressed by CO2, have been reported. OBJECTIVE Because of the complexity and interdependence of processes in acute lung injury, this study sought to fill in knowledge gaps using an unbiased screen, aiming to identify a specifically upregulated pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Using genome-wide gene expression analysis in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury, we discovered a previously unsuspected mechanism by which CO2 can protect against injury: induction of the transporter protein for α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (αTTP). Pulmonary αTTP was induced by inspired CO2 in two in vivo murine models of ventilator-induced lung injury; the level of αTTP expression correlated with degree of lung protection; and, absence of the αTTP gene significantly reduced the protective effects of CO2. α-Tocopherol is a potent antioxidant and hypercapnia increased lung α-tocopherol in wild-type mice, but this did not alter superoxide generation or expression of NRF2-dependent antioxidant response genes in wild-type or in αTTP-/- mice. In concordance with a regulatory role for α-tocopherol in lipid mediator synthesis, hypercapnia attenuated 5-lipoxygenase activity and this was dependent on the presence of αTTP. CONCLUSIONS Inspired CO2 upregulates αTTP which increases lung α-tocopherol levels and inhibits synthesis of a pathogenic chemoattractant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Otulakowski
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Doreen Engelberts
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hajime Arima
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirate
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin Post
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian P Kavanagh
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grażyna C, Hanna C, Adam A, Magdalena BM. Natural antioxidants in milk and dairy products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cichosz Grażyna
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Czeczot Hanna
- Department of Biochemistry; I Faculty of Medicine; Medical University of Warsaw; ul. Banacha 1 02-097 Warszawa Poland
| | - Ambroziak Adam
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Bielecka Marika Magdalena
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The rise, the fall and the renaissance of vitamin E. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:100-8. [PMID: 27095224 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with the expectations of vitamin E ability of preventing or curing, as a potent antioxidant, alleged oxidative stress based ailments including cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cataracts, macular degeneration and more. The results obtained with clinical intervention studies have highly restricted the range of effectiveness of this vitamin. At the same time, new non-antioxidant mechanisms have been proposed. The new functions of vitamin E have been shown to affect cell signal transduction and gene expression, both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of vitamin E, which takes place in vivo, results in a molecule provided with functions that are in part stronger and in part different from those of the non-phosphorylate compound. The in vivo documented functions of vitamin E preventing the vitamin E deficiency ataxia (AVED), slowing down the progression of non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), decreasing inflammation and potentiating the immune response are apparently based on these new molecular mechanisms. It should be stressed however that vitamin E, when present at higher concentrations in the body, should exert antioxidant properties to the extent that its chromanol ring is unprotected or un-esterified.
Collapse
|
5
|
Patel S, Akalkotkar A, Bivona JJ, Lee JY, Park YK, Yu M, Colpitts SL, Vajdy M. Vitamin A or E and a catechin synergize as vaccine adjuvant to enhance immune responses in mice by induction of early interleukin-15 but not interleukin-1β responses. Immunology 2016; 148:352-62. [PMID: 27135790 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins A and E and select flavonoids in the family of catechins are well-defined small molecules that, if proven to possess immunomodulatory properties, hold promise as vaccine adjuvants and various therapies. In an effort to determine the in vivo immunomodulatory properties of these molecules, we found that although mucosal and systemic vaccinations with a recombinant HIV-1BaL gp120 with either a catechin, epigallo catechin gallate (EGCG) or pro-vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) alone in a vegetable-oil-in-water emulsion (OWE) suppressed antigen-specific responses, the combination of EGCG and vitamin A or E in OWE (Nutritive Immune-enhancing Delivery System, NIDS) synergistically enhanced adaptive B-cell, and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses, following induction of relatively low local and systemic innate tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17, but relatively high levels of early systemic IL-15 responses. For induction of adaptive interferon-γ and TNF-α responses by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, the adjuvant effect of NIDS was dependent on both IL-15 and its receptor. In addition, the anti-oxidant activity of NIDS correlated positively with higher expression of the superoxide dismutase 1, an enzyme involved in reactive oxygen species elimination but negatively with secretion of IL-1β. This suggests that the mechanism of action of NIDS is dependent on anti-oxidant activity and IL-15, but independent of IL-1β and inflammasome formation. These data show that this approach in nutritive vaccine adjuvant design holds promise for the development of potentially safer effective vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Sara L Colpitts
- Department of Immunology, Health Center for Integrated Immunology and Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu R, Schellhorn HE. Recent applications of engineered animal antioxidant deficiency models in human nutrition and chronic disease. J Nutr 2013; 143:1-11. [PMID: 23173175 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.168690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants are essential nutrients that inhibit the oxidation of biologically important molecules and suppress the toxicity of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. When the total antioxidant capacity is insufficient to quench these reactive species, oxidative damage occurs and contributes to the onset and progression of chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. However, epidemiological studies that examine the relationship between antioxidants and disease outcome can only identify correlative associations. Additionally, many antioxidants also have prooxidant effects. Thus, clinically relevant animal models of antioxidant function are essential for improving our understanding of the role of antioxidants in the pathogenesis of complex diseases as well as evaluating the therapeutic potential and risks of their supplementation. Recent progress in gene knockout mice and virus-based gene expression has potentiated these areas of study. Here, we review the current genetically modified animal models of dietary antioxidant function and their clinical relevance in chronic diseases. This review focuses on the 3 major antioxidants in the human body: vitamin C, vitamin E, and uric acid. We examine genetic models of vitamin C synthesis (guinea pig, Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi rat, Gulo(-/-) and SMP30(-/-) mouse mutants) and transport (Slc23a1(-/-) and Slc23a2(-/-) mouse mutants), vitamin E transport (Ttpa(-/-) mouse mutant), and uric acid synthesis (Uox(-/-) mouse mutant). The application of these models to current research goals is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Yu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Madill J, Arendt B, Aghdassi E, Chow C, Guindi M, Therapondos G, Lilly L, Allard J. Oxidative Stress and Nutritional Factors in Hepatitis C Virus–Positive Liver Recipients, Controls, and Hepatitis C Virus–Positive Nontransplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:1744-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
8
|
Gohil K, Vasu VT, Cross CE. Dietary α-tocopherol and neuromuscular health: Search for optimal dose and molecular mechanisms continues! Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:693-709. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
Vasu VT, Oommen S, Lim Y, Valacchi G, Hobson B, Eirserich JP, Leonard SW, Traber MG, Cross CE, Gohil K. Modulation of ozone-sensitive genes in alpha-tocopherol transfer protein null mice. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:1-16. [PMID: 19555225 DOI: 10.3109/08958370902838145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (ATTP) null mice (ATTP-/-) have a systemic alpha-tocopherol (AT) deficiency, with their lung AT levels being < 10% of those in AT-replete ATTP(+/+) mice when fed a standard rodent chow diet. ATTP(+/+) and ATTP(-/-) mice (4 wk old male mice, n = 16 per group) were fed a standard diet (35 IU AT/kg diet) for 8-12 wk, exposed 6 h/day for 3 days to either to O(3) (0.5 ppm) or filtered air, then sacrificed. No significant differences in plasma or lung AT concentrations were observed in response to this level of O(3) exposure. Lung genomic responses of the lungs to O(3) were determined using Affymetrix 430A 2.0 arrays containing over 22,600 probe sets representing 14,000 well-characterized mouse genes. As compared with filtered air exposure, O(3) exposure resulted in 99 genes being differentially expressed in ATTP(-/-) mice, as compared to 52 differentially expressed genes in ATTP(+/+) mice. The data revealed an O(3)-induced upregulation of genes related to cell proliferation/DNA repair and inflammatory-immune responses in both ATTP(+/+) and ATTP(-/-) mice, with the expression of 22 genes being common to both, whereas 30 and 77 genes were unique to ATTP(+/+) and ATTP(-/-) mice, respectively. The expressions of O(3) sensitive genes-Timp1, Areg, Birc5 and Tnc-were seen to be further modulated by AT status. The present study reveals AT modulation of adaptive response of lung genome to O(3) exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vihas T Vasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Nearly after one century of research and thousands of publications, the physiological function(s) of vitamin E remain unclear. Available evidence suggests a role in cell homeostasis that occurs through the modulation of specific signaling pathways and genes involved in proliferative, metabolic, inflammatory, and antioxidant pathways. Vitamin E presence in the human body is under close metabolic control so that only alpha-tocopherol and, to a lower extent, gamma-tocopherol are retained and delivered to tissues. Other vitamin E forms that are not retained in the body in significant amounts, exhibit responses in vitro that are different form those of alpha-tocopherol and may include tumor cell specific toxicity and apoptosis. These responses provide a therapeutic potential for these minor forms, either as such or metabolically modified, to produce bioactive metabolites. These cellular effects go beyond the properties of lipophilic antioxidant attributed to alpha-tocopherol particularly investigated for its alleged protective role in atherosclerosis or other oxidative stress conditions. Understanding signaling and gene expression effects of vitamin E could help assign a physiological role to this vitamin, which will be discussed in this review. Besides vitamin E signaling, attention will be given to tocotrienols as one of the emerging topics in vitamin E research and a critical re-examination of the most recent clinical trials will be provided together with the potential use of vitamin E in disease prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Galli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han SN, Pang E, Zingg JM, Meydani SN, Meydani M, Azzi A. Differential effects of natural and synthetic vitamin E on gene transcription in murine T lymphocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 495:49-55. [PMID: 20026030 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mice were supplemented with low and high doses of natural and synthetic vitamin E, T cells from the spleen isolated and stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3 and soluble anti-CD28, and gene expression changes assessed by gene array experiments. The data obtained indicate significant qualitative and quantitative differences between the two vitamin forms in regulating gene expression in response to T-cell stimulation. Marker genes have been found whose expression can be considered significant in establishing the level of, and response to vitamin E for both natural and synthetic vitamin E supplementation; unique markers for synthetic vitamin E supplementation and unique markers for natural vitamin E supplementation have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vasu VT, Cross CE, Gohil K. Nr1d1, an important circadian pathway regulatory gene, is suppressed by cigarette smoke in murine lungs. Integr Cancer Ther 2009; 8:321-8. [PMID: 19926613 DOI: 10.1177/1534735409352027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D member 1 (Nr1d1), also known as Rev-erb-alpha, belongs to the family of "orphan receptors" and functions as a member of clock gene family. In addition to being an important member of clock circuitry, Nr1d1, also regulates cell proliferation, lipid metabolism, and inflammation and is also touted as a tumor suppressor. Our focus on Nr1d1 was stimulated by data from a genome-wide search for mRNA correlates of cigarette smoke (CS) sensitive--whole smoke (WS) and filtered smoke (FS)--lung transcriptomes in tumor-resistant C57BL6 and tumor-susceptible AJ mice strains. Differential analysis of approximately 15,000 genes using Affymetrix 430A 2.0 high-density oligonucleotide arrays identified modulation of genes related to circadian pathways by CS in lungs of both mouse strains. Nr1d1 expression was downregulated by both WS and FS irrespective of mouse strain as compared to respective air-breathing controls. WS was more effective than FS on decreasing Nr1d1 expression. The present data suggest that transcriptional regulation of Nr1d1 by CS may affect circadian rhythmicity and thus may play a complementary role in CS-induced lung respiratory tract pathobiology and/or lung tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vihas T Vasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vasu VT, Ott S, Hobson B, Rashidi V, Oommen S, Cross CE, Gohil K. Sarcolipin and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 1 mRNAs are over-expressed in skeletal muscles of alpha-tocopherol deficient mice. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:106-16. [PMID: 19204867 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802616676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptome of ataxic muscles from alpha-tocopherol transfer protein deficient (ATTP-KO), 23-month old, mice was compared with that of their normal littermates. Genes encoding sarcolipin (sln) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (uchl1) were over-expressed (> or =10-fold) in ataxic muscles. SLN is a 3.2 kDa membrane protein that binds to sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, regulates Ca(+ +) transport and muscle relaxation-contraction cycles. UCHL1 is a 24.8 kDa member of proteosome proteins; it is over-expressed in myofibrillar myopathy and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, six additional transcripts, three encoding thin-filament proteins and three encoding Ca(+ +) sensing proteins that participate in contraction-relaxation cycle, and eight transcripts that encode members of lysosomal proteins were also over-expressed in ataxic muscles. These observations suggest that chronic alpha-tocopherol (AT) deficiency activates critical genes of muscle contractility and protein degradation pathways, simultaneously. The magnitude of induction of sln and uchl1 was lower in asymptomatic, 8-month old, ATTP-KO mice and in 8-month old mice fed an AT-depleted diet. These studies suggest sln and uchl1 genes as novel targets of AT deficiency and may offer molecular correlates of well documented descriptions of neuromuscular dysfunctions in AT-deficient rodents. Since the neuromuscular deficits of ATTP-KO mice appear to be similar to those of patients with ATTP mutations, it is suggested that over-expression of sln and uchl1 may also contribute to AT-sensitive ataxia in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vihas T Vasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nakamura YK, Omaye ST. Vitamin E-modulated gene expression associated with ROS generation. J Funct Foods 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
15
|
Aung HH, Vasu VT, Valacchi G, Corbacho AM, Kota RS, Lim Y, Obermueller-Jevic UC, Packer L, Cross CE, Gohil K. Effects of dietary carotenoids on mouse lung genomic profiles and their modulatory effects on short-term cigarette smoke exposures. GENES AND NUTRITION 2008; 4:23-39. [PMID: 19104882 PMCID: PMC2654053 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-008-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Male C57BL/6 mice were fed diets supplemented with either beta-carotene (BC) or lycopene (LY) that were formulated for human consumption. Four weeks of dietary supplementations results in plasma and lung carotenoid (CAR) concentrations that approximated the levels detected in humans. Bioactivity of the CARs was determined by assaying their effects on the activity of the lung transcriptome (~8,500 mRNAs). Both CARs activated the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene but only BC induced the retinol dehydrogenase gene. The contrasting effects of the two CARs on the lung transcriptome were further uncovered in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 3 days; only LY activated ~50 genes detected in the lungs of CS-exposed mice. These genes encoded inflammatory-immune proteins. Our data suggest that mice offer a viable in vivo model for studying bioactivities of dietary CARs and their modulatory effects on lung genomic expression in both health and after exposure to CS toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hnin H Aung
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Clinical Nutrition and Vascular Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, 6404A, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reply to Drug Insight: antioxidant therapy in inherited ataxias. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:E1; author reply E2. [PMID: 18600251 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Gohil K, Oommen S, Quach HT, Vasu VT, Aung HH, Schock B, Cross CE, Vatassery GT. Mice lacking alpha-tocopherol transfer protein gene have severe alpha-tocopherol deficiency in multiple regions of the central nervous system. Brain Res 2008; 1201:167-76. [PMID: 18299118 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutations in alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP) gene and it can be experimentally generated in mice by alpha-TTP gene inactivation (alpha-TTP-KO). This study compared alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) concentrations of five brain regions and of four peripheral organs from 5 months old, male and female, wild-type (WT) and alpha-TTP-KO mice. All brain regions of female WT mice contained significantly higher alpha-T than those from WT males. alpha-T concentration in the cerebellum was significantly lower than that in other brain regions of WT mice. These sex and regional differences in brain alpha-T concentrations do not appear to be determined by alpha-TTP expression which was undetectable in all brain regions. All the brain regions of alpha-TTP-KO mice were severely depleted in alpha-T. The concentration of another endogenous antioxidant, total glutathione, was unaffected by gender but was decreased slightly but significantly in most brain regions of alpha-TTP-KO mice. The results show that both gender and the hepatic alpha-TTP, but not brain alpha-TTP gene expression are important in determining alpha-T concentrations within the brain. Interestingly, functional abnormality (ataxia) develops only very late in alpha-TTP-KO mice in spite of the severe alpha-tocopherol deficiency in the brain starting at an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishorchandra Gohil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lim Y, Traber MG. Alpha-Tocopherol Transfer Protein (alpha-TTP): Insights from Alpha-Tocopherol Transfer Protein Knockout Mice. Nutr Res Pract 2007; 1:247-53. [PMID: 20368946 PMCID: PMC2849030 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2007.1.4.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP) is a liver cytosolic transport protein that faciliates alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) transfer into liver secreted plasma lipoproteins. Genetic defects in alpha-TTP, like dietary vitamin E deficiency, are associated with infertility, muscular weakness and neurological disorders. Both human and alpha-TTP deficient (alpha-TTP(-/-)) mice exhibit severe plasma and tissue vitamin E deficiency that can be attenuated by sufficient dietary alpha-T supplementations. In this review, we summarize the literature concerning studies utilizing the alpha-TTP(-/-) mice. Levels of vitamin E in the alpha-TTP(-/-) mice do not appear to be directly related to the amounts of dietary alpha-T or to the levels of alpha-TTP protein in tissues. The alpha-TTP(-/-) mice appear to present a good model for investigating the specific role of alpha-T in tissue vitamin E metabolism. Furthermore, alpha-TTP(-/-) mice appear to be useful to elucidate functions of alpha-TTP beyond its well recognized functions of transferring alpha-T from liver to plasma lipoprotein fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zingg J. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 28:397-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
20
|
Zingg JM. Vitamin E: An overview of major research directions. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 28:400-22. [PMID: 17624418 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last 90 years since the discovery of vitamin E, research has focused on different properties of this molecule, the focus often depending on the specific techniques and scientific knowledge present at each time. Originally discovered as a dietary factor essential for reproduction in rats, vitamin E has revealed in the meantime many more important molecular properties, such as the scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with consequent prevention of oxidative damage associated with many diseases, or the modulation of signal transduction and gene expression in antioxidant and non-antioxidant manners. Research over the last 30 years has also resolved the biosynthesis and occurrence of vitamin E in plants, the proteins involved in the cellular uptake, tissue distribution and metabolism, and defined a congenital recessive neurological disease, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED), characterized by impaired enrichment of alpha-tocopherol in plasma as a result of mutations in the liver alpha-tocopherol transfer gene. This review is giving a brief introduction about vitamin E by following the major research directions since its discovery with a historical perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vasu VT, Hobson B, Gohil K, Cross CE. Genome-wide screening of alpha-tocopherol sensitive genes in heart tissue from alpha-tocopherol transfer protein null mice (ATTP(-/-)). FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1572-8. [PMID: 17382327 PMCID: PMC2730973 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (ATTP) null mice (ATTP(-/-)) have a systemic deficiency of alpha-tocopherol (AT). The heart AT levels of ATTP(-/-) are <10% of those in ATTP(+/+) mice. The genomic responses of heart to AT deficiency were determined in 3 months old male ATTP(-/-) mice and compared with their ATTP(+/+) littermate controls using Affymetrix 430A 2.0 high density oligonucleotide arrays. Differential analysis of approximately 13000 genes identified repression of genes related to immune system and activation of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammation with no significant change in the expression of classical antioxidant genes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) in ATTP(-/-) as compared to ATTP(+/+) mice. The present data identifies novel classes of AT sensitive genes in heart tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carroll E. Cross
- Corresponding author: Ph: +1-530-752-6305, Fax: +1-530-752-8632, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|