1
|
Grozdanić M, Sobotič B, Biasizzo M, Sever T, Vidmar R, Vizovišek M, Turk B, Fonović M. Cathepsin L-mediated EGFR cleavage affects intracellular signalling pathways in cancer. Biol Chem 2024; 405:283-296. [PMID: 37889671 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic activity in the tumour microenvironment is an important factor in cancer development since it can also affect intracellular signalling pathways via positive feedback loops that result in either increased tumour growth or resistance to anticancer mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated extracellular cathepsin L-mediated cleavage of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and identified the cleavage site in the extracellular domain after R224. To further evaluate the relevance of this cleavage, we cloned and expressed a truncated version of EGFR, starting at G225, in HeLa cells. We confirmed the constitutive activation of the truncated protein in the absence of ligand binding and determined possible changes in intracellular signalling. Furthermore, we determined the effect of truncated EGFR protein expression on HeLa cell viability and response to the EGFR inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erlotinib and monoclonal antibody (mAb) cetuximab. Our data reveal the nuclear localization and phosphorylation of EGFR and signal trancducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in cells that express the truncated EGFR protein and suggest that these phenomena cause resistance to EGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Grozdanić
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Sobotič
- Kymab Ltd, The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Monika Biasizzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tilen Sever
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Vidmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Vizovišek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Fonović
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pečar Fonović U, Kos J, Mitrović A. Compensational role between cathepsins. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00085-3. [PMID: 38663456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsins, a family of lysosomal peptidases, play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating protein turnover and degradation as well as many specific regulatory actions that are important for proper cell function and human health. Alterations in the activity and expression of cathepsins have been observed in many diseases such as cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, bone remodelling-related conditions and others. These changes are not exclusively harmful, but rather appear to be a compensatory response on the lack of one cathepsin in order to maintain tissue integrity. The upregulation of specific cathepsins in response to the inhibition or dysfunction of other cathepsins suggests a fine-tuned system of proteolytic balance and understanding the compensatory role of cathepsins may improve therapeutic potential of cathepsin's inhibitors. Selectively targeting one cathepsin or modulating their activity could offer new treatment strategies for a number of diseases. This review emphasises the need for comprehensive research into cathepsin biology in the context of disease. The identification of the specific cathepsins involved in compensatory responses, the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the development of targeted interventions could lead to innovative therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urša Pečar Fonović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim MJ, Kim S, Reinheckel T, Krainc D. Inhibition of cysteine protease cathepsin L increases the level and activity of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169594. [PMID: 38329128 PMCID: PMC10967467 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The glucocerebrosidase (GCase) encoded by the GBA1 gene hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GluCer) to ceramide and glucose in lysosomes. Homozygous or compound heterozygous GBA1 mutations cause the lysosomal storage disease Gaucher disease (GD) due to severe loss of GCase activity. Loss-of-function variants in the GBA1 gene are also the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Restoring lysosomal GCase activity represents an important therapeutic approach for GBA1-associated diseases. We hypothesized that increasing the stability of lysosomal GCase protein could correct deficient GCase activity in these conditions. However, it remains unknown how GCase stability is regulated in the lysosome. We found that cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease, cleaves GCase and regulates its stability. In support of these data, GCase protein was elevated in the brain of cathepsin L-KO mice. Chemical inhibition of cathepsin L increased both GCase levels and activity in fibroblasts from patients with GD. Importantly, inhibition of cathepsin L in dopaminergic neurons from a patient GBA1-PD led to increased GCase levels and activity as well as reduced phosphorylated α-synuclein. These results suggest that targeting cathepsin L-mediated GCase degradation represents a potential therapeutic strategy for GCase deficiency in PD and related disorders that exhibit decreased GCase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arutyunova E, Belovodskiy A, Chen P, Khan MB, Joyce M, Saffran H, Lu J, Turner Z, Bai B, Lamer T, Young HS, Vederas J, Tyrrell DL, Lemieux MJ, Nieman JA. The Effect of Deuteration and Homologation of the Lactam Ring of Nirmatrelvir on Its Biochemical Properties and Oxidative Metabolism. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:528-541. [PMID: 38144257 PMCID: PMC10739250 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between structural alterations of nirmatrelvir, such as homologation and deuteration, and metabolic stability of newly synthesized derivatives. We developed a reliable synthetic protocol toward dideutero-nirmatrelvir and its homologated analogues with high isotopic incorporation. Deuteration of the primary metabolic site of nirmatrelvir provides a 3-fold improvement of its human microsomal stability but is accompanied by an increased metabolism rate at secondary sites. Homologation of the lactam ring allows the capping group modification to decrease and delocalize the molecule's lipophilicity, reducing the metabolic rate at secondary sites. The effect of deuteration was less pronounced for the 6-membered lactam than for its 5-membered analogue in human microsomes, but the trend is reversed in the case of mouse microsomes. X-ray data revealed that the homologation of the lactam ring favors the orientation of the drug's nitrile warhead for interaction with the catalytic sulfur of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, improving its binding. Comparable potency against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro from several variants of concern and selectivity over human cysteine proteases cathepsin B, L, and S was observed for the novel deuterated/homologated derivative and nirmatrelvir. Synthesized compounds displayed a large interspecies variability in hamster, rat, and human hepatocyte stability assays. Overall, we aimed to apply a rational approach in changing the physicochemical properties of the drug to refine its biochemical and biological parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arutyunova
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Alexandr Belovodskiy
- Li Ka
Shing Applied Virology Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Pu Chen
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - Michael Joyce
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Holly Saffran
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Lu
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Zoe Turner
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Bing Bai
- Li Ka
Shing Applied Virology Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Tess Lamer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Howard S. Young
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John
C. Vederas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Li Ka
Shing Applied Virology Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - M. Joanne Lemieux
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - James A. Nieman
- Li Ka
Shing Applied Virology Institute, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu L, Zeng Q, Wang J, Deng F, Jin S. Cathepsin V drives lung cancer progression by shaping the immunosuppressive environment and adhesion molecules cleavage. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13961-13979. [PMID: 38078882 PMCID: PMC10756122 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin V (CTSV) is a cysteine cathepsin protease that plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix degradation. CTSV is correlated with poor prognosis in various cancers, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we observed that CSTV is upregulated in lung cancer and is a poor prognosis factor for lung cancer. CTSV acts as a driver in the metastasis of lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo. CTSV promotes lung cancer metastasis by downregulating adhesion molecules, including fibronectin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. Our data revealed that CTSV functions by mediating the fragmentation of fibronectin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in cleavage, remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM). The rationally designed antibody targeting CTSV blocks its cleaving ability towards fibronectin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin, suppressing migration and invasion. Furthermore, we found that CTSV expression is negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune scores and inhibits T cell activity. Targeting CTSV with specific antibodies effectively suppressed lung cancer metastasis in a mouse model. Our study demonstrates the critical role of CTSV in the immunity and metastasis of lung cancer, suggesting that the CTSV-targeting approach is a promising strategy for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Precision Medicine Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shi Jin
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sereesongsaeng N, Burrows JF, Scott CJ, Brix K, Burden RE. Cathepsin V regulates cell cycle progression and histone stability in the nucleus of breast cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1271435. [PMID: 38026973 PMCID: PMC10657903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1271435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We previously identified that Cathepsin V (CTSV) expression is associated with poor prognosis in ER+ breast cancer, particularly within the Luminal A subtype. Examination of the molecular role of the protease within Luminal A tumours, revealed that CTSV promotes tumour cell invasion and proliferation, in addition to degradation of the luminal transcription factor, GATA3, via the proteasome. Methods: Cell line models expressing CTSV shRNA or transfected to overexpress CTSV were used to examine the impact of CTSV on cell proliferation by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis was used to identify the impact of CTSV on histone and chaperone protein expression. Cell fractionation and confocal microscopy was used to illustrate the presence of CTSV in the nuclear compartment. Results: In this work we have identified that CTSV has an impact on breast cancer cell proliferation, with CTSV depleted cells exhibiting delayed progression through the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Further investigation has revealed that CTSV can control nuclear expression levels of histones H3 and H4 via regulating protein expression of their chaperone sNASP. We have discovered that CTSV is localised to the nuclear compartment in breast tumour cells, mediated by a bipartite nuclear localisation signal (NLS) within the CTSV sequence and that nuclear CTSV is required for cell cycle progression and histone stability in breast tumour cells. Discussion: Collectively these findings support the hypothesis that targeting CTSV may have utility as a novel therapeutic target in ER+ breast cancer by impairing cell cycle progression via manipulating histone stabilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Burrows
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Scott
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Klaudia Brix
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Roberta E. Burden
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stoka V, Vasiljeva O, Nakanishi H, Turk V. The Role of Cysteine Protease Cathepsins B, H, C, and X/Z in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15613. [PMID: 37958596 PMCID: PMC10650516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases are composed of 11 human cysteine cathepsins, originally located in the lysosomes. They exhibit broad specificity and act as endopeptidases and/or exopeptidases. Among them, only cathepsins B, H, C, and X/Z exhibit exopeptidase activity. Recently, cysteine cathepsins have been found to be present outside the lysosomes and often participate in various pathological processes. Hence, they have been considered key signalling molecules. Their potentially hazardous proteolytic activities are tightly regulated. This review aims to discuss recent advances in understanding the structural aspects of these four cathepsins, mechanisms of their zymogen activation, regulation of their activities, and functional aspects of these enzymes in neurodegeneration and cancer. Neurodegenerative effects have been evaluated, particularly in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Cysteine cathepsins also participate in tumour progression and metastasis through the overexpression and secretion of proteases, which trigger extracellular matrix degradation. To our knowledge, this is the first review to provide an in-depth analysis regarding the roles of cysteine cathepsins B, H, C, and X in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Further advances in understanding the functions of cysteine cathepsins in these conditions will result in the development of novel, targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Stoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olga Vasiljeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan;
| | - Vito Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Popova-Belova SD, Geneva-Popova MG, Kraev KI, Popova VZ. Serum and Synovial Levels of Cathepsin G and Cathepsin K in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis and Their Correlation with Disease Activity Indices. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3250. [PMID: 37892071 PMCID: PMC10606391 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective case-control study examined the relationship between the serum and synovial levels of cathepsin G (CatG) and cathepsin K (CatK) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and their association with disease activity. Methods: This case-control study involved 156 PsA patients, 50 patients with gonarthrosis (GoA), and 30 healthy controls. The target parameters were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The serum levels of CatG and CatK were found to be significantly higher in PsA patients compared to both control groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, they could distinguish PsA patients from healthy controls with 100% accuracy. Synovial fluid CatG and CatK were positively associated with the following indicators of disease activity: the VAS (rs = 0.362, rs = 0.391); the DAPSA (rs = 0.191, rs = 0.182); and the mCPDAI (rs = 0.378, rs = 0.313). Our results suggest that serum and synovial fluid CatG and CatK levels could serve as biomarkers for PsA. In PsA patients with synovial fluid crystals, elevated synovial CatG levels demonstrated a sensitivity of 89.54% and a specificity of 86.00% in distinguishing them from PsA patients without crystals. Similarly, elevated synovial CatK levels had a sensitivity of 93.67% and a specificity of 94.34% for distinguishing PsA patients with synovial fluid crystals from those without. Furthermore, the synovial fluid levels of both CatG and CatK showed positive associations with key indicators of disease activity, including the visual analog scale (VAS) (rs = 0.362, rs = 0.391), the disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA) (rs = 0.191, rs = 0.182), and the modified composite psoriatic disease activity index (mCPDAI) (rs = 0.378, rs = 0.313). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the serum and synovial fluid levels of CatG and CatK hold promise as potential biomarkers for assessing disease activity in psoriatic arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Dimitrova Popova-Belova
- Department of Propedeutic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Clinic of Rheumatology, University General Hospital “Sveti Georgi”, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.P.-B.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Mariela Gencheva Geneva-Popova
- Department of Propedeutic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Clinic of Rheumatology, University General Hospital “Sveti Georgi”, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.P.-B.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Krasimir Iliev Kraev
- Department of Propedeutic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Clinic of Rheumatology, University General Hospital “Sveti Georgi”, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.P.-B.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Velichka Zaharieva Popova
- Department of Propedeutic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, University General Hospital “Kaspela”, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Interplay of Glycosaminoglycans and Cysteine Cathepsins in Mucopolysaccharidosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030810. [PMID: 36979788 PMCID: PMC10045161 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) consists of a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders that are caused by a defect of certain enzymes that participate in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The abnormal accumulation of GAGs leads to progressive dysfunctions in various tissues and organs during childhood, contributing to premature death. As the current therapies are limited and inefficient, exploring the molecular mechanisms of the pathology is thus required to address the unmet needs of MPS patients to improve their quality of life. Lysosomal cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases that play key roles in numerous physiological processes. Dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins expression and activity can be frequently observed in many human diseases, including MPS. This review summarizes the basic knowledge on MPS disorders and their current management and focuses on GAGs and cysteine cathepsins expression in MPS, as well their interplay, which may lead to the development of MPS-associated disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bigot P, Chesseron S, Saidi A, Sizaret D, Parent C, Petit-Courty A, Courty Y, Lecaille F, Lalmanach G. Cleavage of Occludin by Cigarette Smoke-Elicited Cathepsin S Increases Permeability of Lung Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010005. [PMID: 36670867 PMCID: PMC9854811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible disease mainly caused by smoking. COPD is characterized by emphysema and chronic bronchitis associated with enhanced epithelial permeability. HYPOTHESIS Lung biopsies from smokers revealed a decreased expression level of occludin, which is a protein involved in the cohesion of epithelial tight junctions. Moreover, the occludin level correlated negatively with smoking history (pack-years), COPD grades, and cathepsin S (CatS) activity. Thus, we examined whether CatS could participate in the modulation of the integrity of human lung epithelial barriers. METHODS AND RESULTS Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) triggered the upregulation of CatS by THP-1 macrophages through the mTOR/TFEB signaling pathway. In a co-culture model, following the exposure of macrophages to CSE, an enhanced level of permeability of lung epithelial (16HBE and NHBE) cells towards FITC-Dextran was observed, which was associated with a decrease in occludin level. Similar results were obtained using 16HBE and NHBE cells cultured at the air-liquid interface. The treatment of THP-1 macrophages by CatS siRNAs or by a pharmacological inhibitor restored the barrier function of epithelial cells, suggesting that cigarette smoke-elicited CatS induced an alteration of epithelial integrity via the proteolytic injury of occludin. CONCLUSIONS Alongside its noteworthy resistance to oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke oxidants and its deleterious elastin-degrading potency, CatS may also have a detrimental effect on the barrier function of epithelial cells through the cleavage of occludin. The obtained data emphasize the emerging role of CatS in smoking-related lung diseases and strengthen the relevance of targeting CatS in the treatment of emphysema and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bigot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Simon Chesseron
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Ahlame Saidi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Damien Sizaret
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, The University Hospital Center of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Parent
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Aerosol therapy and Biotherapeutics for Respiratory Diseases”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Courty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Yves Courty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-47-36-61-51
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Turk B. Editorial on proteases in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101160. [PMID: 36463644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|