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Dong H, Yu L, Xu T, Liu Y, Fu J, He Y, Gao J, Wang J, Sun S, She Y, Zhang F. Cultivation and biogeochemical analyses reveal insights into biomineralization caused by piezotolerant iron-reducing bacteria from petroleum reservoirs and their application in MEOR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166465. [PMID: 37619717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between minerals and iron-reducing bacteria under in-situ pressure and temperature conditions play important roles in oil extraction, residual oil methanation, and CO2 storage in petroleum reservoirs. However, the impacts of pressure on dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) are poorly understood. Herein, the interactions between clay minerals and microbes under elevated hydrostatic pressure conditions were elucidated through enrichment experiments. Bioreduction experiments were performed under hydrostatic pressures of 0.1-40 MPa. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that high pressures significantly increased microbial diversity in petroleum reservoirs, which is helpful for restoring underground ecosystems in situ. The key piezotolerant iron-reducing bacteria in the samples were Shewanella and Flaviflexus. These two genera were isolated for the first time from petroleum reservoirs and identified as piezophiles. The SEM results clearly showed mineral surface dissolution. Moreover, nanoscale secondary minerals were produced during biomineralization. XRD analysis revealed that illite, albite, and clinoptilolite were present after bioreduction. The isolates showed the capacity to inhibit hydro-swelling and prevent plugging-related damage in reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Li Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Ting Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yanlong He
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ji Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yuehui She
- Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430010, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism, Ministry of Education, College of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Peres FV, Paula FS, Bendia AG, Gontijo JB, de Mahiques MM, Pellizari VH. Assessment of prokaryotic communities in Southwestern Atlantic deep-sea sediments reveals prevalent methanol-oxidising Methylomirabilales. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12782. [PMID: 37550336 PMCID: PMC10406867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Continental slopes can play a significant contribution to marine productivity and carbon cycling. These regions can harbour distinct geological features, such as salt diapirs and pockmarks, in which their depressions may serve as natural sediment traps where different compounds can accumulate. We investigated the prokaryotic communities in surface (0-2 cm) and subsurface (18-20 or 22-24 cm) sediments from a salt diapir and pockmark field in Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Metabarcoding of 16 samples revealed that surface sediments were dominated by the archaeal class Nitrososphaeria, while the bacterial class Dehalococcoidia was the most prevalent in subsurface samples. Sediment strata were found to be a significant factor explaining 27% of the variability in community composition. However, no significant difference was observed among geomorphological features. We also performed a metagenomic analysis of three surface samples and analysed the highest quality metagenome-assembled genome retrieved, which belonged to the family CSP1-5, phylum Methylomirabilota. This non-methanotrophic methylotroph contains genes encoding for methanol oxidation and Calvin Cycle pathways, along with diverse functions that may contribute to its adaptation to deep-sea habitats and to oscillating environmental conditions. By integrating metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches, we reported that CSP1-5 is prevalent in the sediment samples from Santos Basin slope, indicating the potential importance of methanol metabolism in this region. Finally, using a phylogenetic approach integrating 16S rRNA sequences assigned to Methylomirabilota in this study with those from a public database, we argued that CSP1-5 public sequences might be misclassified as Methylomirabilaceae (the methanotrophic clade) and, therefore, the role of these organisms and the methanol cycling could also be neglected in other environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielli V Peres
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S Paula
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-120, Brazil.
| | - Amanda G Bendia
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Júlia B Gontijo
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Michel M de Mahiques
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Geological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian H Pellizari
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-120, Brazil
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3
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals that Changes in Gene Expression Contribute to Microbacterium sediminis YLB-01 Adaptation at Low Temperature Under High Hydrostatic Pressure. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:95. [PMID: 35150317 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Microbes living in extreme environments often adopt strategies for survival, however, only a few studies have examined the adaptive mechanism of deep-sea bacteria in in-situ environments. In this study, transcriptomic data of the deep-sea piezotolerant and psychrotolerant actinomycete Microbacterium sediminis YLB-01 under the conditions of NPNT (normal temperature and pressure: 28 °C, 0.1 MPa), HPNT (normal temperature and high pressure: 28 °C, 30 MPa), NPLT (low temperature and atmospheric pressure: 4 °C, 0.1 MPa) and HPLT (low temperature and high pressure: 4 °C, 30 MPa) were examined and compared. Transcriptome results showed that M. sediminis YLB-01 responds to deep-sea low temperature under high-pressure environments by upregulating the ABC transport system, DNA damage repair response, pentose phosphate pathway, amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism, while down-regulating division, oxidative phosphorylation, the TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism, ion transport and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Seven key genes specifically expressed under HPLT conditions were screened, and these genes are present in many strains that are tolerant to low temperatures and high pressures. This study provides transcription level insights into the tolerance mechanisms of M. sediminis YLB-01 in a simulated deep-sea in situ environment.
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Condition-Specific Molecular Network Analysis Revealed That Flagellar Proteins Are Involved in Electron Transfer Processes of Shewanella piezotolerans WP3. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:9953783. [PMID: 34456634 PMCID: PMC8371737 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9953783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the ability to metabolize a large number of electron acceptors such as nitrate, nitrite, fumarate, and metal oxides, Shewanella species have attracted much attention in recent years. Generally, the use of these electron acceptors is mainly achieved through electron transfer proteins and their interactions which will dynamically change across different environmental conditions in cells. Therefore, functional analysis of condition-specific molecular networks can reveal biological information on electron transfer processes. By integrating expression data and molecular networks, we constructed condition-specific molecular networks for Shewanella piezotolerans WP3. We then identified condition-specific key genes and studied their potential functions with an emphasis on their roles in electron transfer processes. Functional module analysis showed that different flagellar assembly modules appeared under these conditions and suggested that flagellar proteins are important for these conditions. We also identified the electron transfer modules underlying these various environmental conditions. The present results could help with screening electron transfer genes and understanding electron transfer processes under various environmental conditions for the Shewanella species.
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Xia Y, Zhang YT, Sun JY, Huang H, Zhao Q, Ren LJ. Strategies for enhancing eicosapentaenoic acid production: From fermentation to metabolic engineering. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Chen M, Song Y, Feng X, Tang K, Jiao N, Tian J, Zhang Y. Genomic Characteristics and Potential Metabolic Adaptations of Hadal Trench Roseobacter and Alteromonas Bacteria Based on Single-Cell Genomics Analyses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1739. [PMID: 32793171 PMCID: PMC7393951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrophic bacteria such as those from the Roseobacter group and genus Alteromonas dominate the hadal zones of oceans; however, we know little about the genomic characteristics and potential metabolic adaptations of hadal trench-dwelling bacteria. Here, we report multiple single amplified genomes (SAGs) belonging to Roseobacter and Alteromonas, recovered from the hadal zone of the Mariana Trench. While phylogenetic analyses show that these hadal SAGs cluster with their surface relatives, an analysis of genomic recruitment indicates that they have higher relative abundances in the hadal zone of the Mariana Trench. Comparative genomic analyses between the hadal SAGs and reference genomes of closely related shallow-water relatives indicate that genes involved in the mobilome (prophages and transposons) are overrepresented among the unique genes of the hadal Roseobacter and Alteromonas SAGs; the functional proteins encoded by this category of genes also shows higher amino acid sequence variation than those encoded by other gene sets within the Roseobacter SAGs. We also found that genes involved in cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, transcriptional regulation, and metal transport may be important for the adaptation of hadal Roseobacter and Alteromonas lineages. These results imply that the modification of cell surface-related proteins and transporters is the major direction of genomic evolution in Roseobacter and Alteromonas bacteria adapting to the hadal environment, and that prophages and transposons may be the key factors driving this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiwei Tian
- Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Kloska A, Cech GM, Sadowska M, Krause K, Szalewska-Pałasz A, Olszewski P. Adaptation of the Marine Bacterium Shewanella baltica to Low Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124338. [PMID: 32570789 PMCID: PMC7352654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria display significant versatility in adaptation to variations in the environment and stress conditions, including temperature shifts. Shewanella baltica plays a major role in denitrification and bioremediation in the marine environment, but is also identified to be responsible for spoilage of ice-stored seafood. We aimed to characterize transcriptional response of S. baltica to cold stress in order to achieve a better insight into mechanisms governing its adaptation. We exposed bacterial cells to 8 °C for 90 and 180 min, and assessed changes in the bacterial transcriptome with RNA sequencing validated with the RT-qPCR method. We found that S. baltica general response to cold stress is associated with massive downregulation of gene expression, which covered about 70% of differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of only few pathways, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism and the flagellar assembly process. Downregulation was observed for fatty acid degradation, amino acid metabolism and a bacterial secretion system. We found that the entire type II secretion system was transcriptionally shut down at low temperatures. We also observed transcriptional reprogramming through the induction of RpoE and repression of RpoD sigma factors to mediate the cold stress response. Our study revealed how diverse and complex the cold stress response in S. baltica is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (P.O.)
| | - Grzegorz M. Cech
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.M.C.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Marta Sadowska
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.M.C.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Klaudyna Krause
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.M.C.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Szalewska-Pałasz
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.M.C.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Paweł Olszewski
- 3P Medicine Laboratory, International Research Agenda, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (P.O.)
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8
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Yin QJ, Zhang WJ, Qi XQ, Zhang SD, Jiang T, Li XG, Chen Y, Santini CL, Zhou H, Chou IM, Wu LF. High Hydrostatic Pressure Inducible Trimethylamine N-Oxide Reductase Improves the Pressure Tolerance of Piezosensitive Bacteria Vibrio fluvialis. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2646. [PMID: 29375513 PMCID: PMC5767261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) exerts severe effects on cellular processes including impaired cell division, abolished motility and affected enzymatic activities. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that bacteria switch the expression of genes involved in multiple energy metabolism pathways to cope with HHP. We sought evidence of a changing bacterial metabolism by supplying appropriate substrates that might have beneficial effects on the bacterial lifestyle at elevated pressure. We isolated a piezosensitive marine bacterium Vibrio fluvialis strain QY27 from the South China Sea. When trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) was used as an electron acceptor for energy metabolism, QY27 exhibited a piezophilic-like phenotype with an optimal growth at 30 MPa. Raman spectrometry and biochemistry analyses revealed that both the efficiency of the TMAO metabolism and the activity of the TMAO reductase increased under high pressure conditions. Among the two genes coding for TMAO reductase catalytic subunits, the expression level and enzymatic activity of TorA was up-regulated by elevated pressure. Furthermore, a genetic interference assay with the CRISPR-dCas9 system demonstrated that TorA is essential for underpinning the improved pressure tolerance of QY27. We extended the study to Vibrio fluvialis type strain ATCC33809 and observed the same phenotype of TMAO-metabolism improved the pressure tolerance. These results provide compelling evidence for the determinant role of metabolism in the adaption of bacteria to the deep-sea ecosystems with HHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Jian Yin
- Laboratory of Deep-sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- Laboratory of Deep-sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Qi
- Laboratory of Deep-sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Da Zhang
- Laboratory of Deep-sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Laboratory of Deep-sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Gong Li
- Laboratory of Deep-sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Claire-Lise Santini
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China.,LCB UMR 7283, CNRS-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Hao Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Department, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - I-Ming Chou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, CNRS-Marseille/CAS, Beijing, China.,LCB UMR 7283, CNRS-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Jian H, Li S, Tang X, Xiao X. Time-series transcriptomic analysis of the deep-sea bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 in response to high salinity stress. Mar Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Nawaz MZ, Jian H, He Y, Xiong L, Xiao X, Wang F. Genome-Wide Detection of Small Regulatory RNAs in Deep-Sea Bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1093. [PMID: 28663744 PMCID: PMC5471319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella are one of the most abundant Proteobacteria in the deep-sea and are renowned for their versatile electron accepting capacities. The molecular mechanisms involved in their adaptation to diverse and extreme environments are not well understood. Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are known for modulating the gene expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, subsequently playing a key role in microbial adaptation. To understand the potential roles of sRNAs in the adaptation of Shewanella toward deep-sea environments, here an in silico approach was utilized to detect the sRNAs in the genome of Shewanella piezotolerans WP3, a piezotolerant and psychrotolerant deep-sea iron reducing bacterium. After scanning 3673 sets of 5' and 3' UTRs of orthologous genes, 209 sRNA candidates were identified with high confidence in S. piezotolerans WP3. About 92% (193 out of 209) of these putative sRNAs belong to the class trans-encoded RNAs, suggesting that trans-regulatory RNAs are the dominant class of sRNAs in S. piezotolerans WP3. The remaining 16 cis-regulatory RNAs were validated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Five cis-sRNAs were further shown to act as cold regulated sRNAs. Our study provided additional evidence at the transcriptional level to decipher the microbial adaptation mechanisms to extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Z Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huahua Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Fengping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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