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Pendergraft MA, Belda-Ferre P, Petras D, Morris CK, Mitts BA, Aron AT, Bryant M, Schwartz T, Ackermann G, Humphrey G, Kaandorp E, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Prather KA. Bacterial and Chemical Evidence of Coastal Water Pollution from the Tijuana River in Sea Spray Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4071-4081. [PMID: 36862087 PMCID: PMC10018732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Roughly half of the human population lives near the coast, and coastal water pollution (CWP) is widespread. Coastal waters along Tijuana, Mexico, and Imperial Beach (IB), USA, are frequently polluted by millions of gallons of untreated sewage and stormwater runoff. Entering coastal waters causes over 100 million global annual illnesses, but CWP has the potential to reach many more people on land via transfer in sea spray aerosol (SSA). Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we found sewage-associated bacteria in the polluted Tijuana River flowing into coastal waters and returning to land in marine aerosol. Tentative chemical identification from non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry identified anthropogenic compounds as chemical indicators of aerosolized CWP, but they were ubiquitous and present at highest concentrations in continental aerosol. Bacteria were better tracers of airborne CWP, and 40 tracer bacteria comprised up to 76% of the bacteria community in IB air. These findings confirm that CWP transfers in SSA and exposes many people along the coast. Climate change may exacerbate CWP with more extreme storms, and our findings call for minimizing CWP and investigating the health effects of airborne exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Pendergraft
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Daniel Petras
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Collaborative
Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- CMFI
Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and
Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Clare K. Morris
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brock A. Mitts
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Allegra T. Aron
- Collaborative
Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United
States
| | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tara Schwartz
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ethan Kaandorp
- Independent
Researcher, Darwin, California 93522, United States
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Collaborative
Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Microbiome Innovation, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Microbiome Innovation, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Computer Sciences and Engineering, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Tanahara S, Canino-Herrera SR, Durazo R, Félix-Bermúdez A, Vivanco-Aranda M, Morales-Estrada E, Lugo-Ibarra KDC. Spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Todos Santos Bay, northwestern Baja California, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113148. [PMID: 34814001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coastal pollution levels in Todos Santos Bay (TSB) recreational beaches have increased in recent years due to the uncontrolled disposal of wastewater and pollutants to the coast by human activities (urbanization and tourism). In this work, the concentration of water quality parameters along the coast of TSB was evaluated from February 2012 to January 2013. Sampling was carried out at monthly intervals on 29 beach locations. Results showed that the maximum values of all parameters were always found close to the treated wastewater discharge area at Arroyo El Gallo station. Temporally, both nutrients and biochemical oxygen demand reached notably high levels in winter-spring and close to wastewater discharges. During summer, maximum counts of total coliforms and parasite eggs were detected close to wastewater discharges. Overall, our study provides a diagnostic approach on the spatiotemporal variability of water quality parameters for future studies along the coastal waters of TSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayda Tanahara
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Sergio R Canino-Herrera
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Reginaldo Durazo
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Armando Félix-Bermúdez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Miroslava Vivanco-Aranda
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Eduardo Morales-Estrada
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, C.P. 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
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Feddersen F, Boehm AB, Giddings SN, Wu X, Liden D. Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego-Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000490. [PMID: 34796313 PMCID: PMC8581746 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The popular beaches of the San Diego-Tijuana (US/MX) border region are often impacted by untreated wastewater sourced from Mexico-via the Tijuana River Estuary (TJRE) and San Antonio de los Buenos outfall at the Pt. Bandera (SAB/PTB) shoreline, leading to impacted beaches and human illness. The US-Mexico-Canada trade agreement will fund border infrastructure projects reducing untreated wastewater discharges. However, estimating project benefits such as reduced human illness and beach impacts is challenging. We develop a coupled hydrodynamic, norovirus (NoV) pathogen, and swimmer illness risk model with the wastewater sources for the year 2017. The model is used to evaluate the reduction in human illness and beach impacts under baseline conditions and three infrastructure diversion scenarios which (Scenario A) reduce SAB/PTB discharges and moderately reduce TJRE inflows or (Scenarios B, C) strongly reduce TJRE in inflows only. The model estimates shoreline untreated wastewater and NoV concentrations, and the number of NoV ill swimmers at Imperial Beach CA. In the Baseline, the percentage of swimmers becoming ill is 3.8% over 2017, increasing to 4.5% during the tourist season (Memorial to Labor Day) due to south-swell driven SAB/PTB plumes. Overall, Scenario A provides the largest reduction in ill swimmers and beach impacts for the tourist season and full year. The 2017 tourist season TJRE inflows were not representative of those in 2020, yet, Scenario A likely still provides the greatest benefit in other years. This methodology can be applied to other coastal regions with wastewater inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaodong Wu
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUCSDLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Doug Liden
- Environmental Protection AgencySan DiegoCAUSA
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Zimmer-Faust AG, Steele JA, Xiong X, Staley C, Griffith M, Sadowsky MJ, Diaz M, Griffith JF. A Combined Digital PCR and Next Generation DNA-Sequencing Based Approach for Tracking Nearshore Pollutant Dynamics Along the Southwest United States/Mexico Border. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:674214. [PMID: 34421839 PMCID: PMC8377738 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.674214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean currents, multiple fecal bacteria input sources, and jurisdictional boundaries can complicate pollution source tracking and associated mitigation and management efforts within the nearshore coastal environment. In this study, multiple microbial source tracking tools were employed to characterize the impact and reach of an ocean wastewater treatment facility discharge in Mexico northward along the coast and across the Southwest United States- Mexico Border. Water samples were evaluated for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), Enterococcus by culture-based methods, and human-associated genetic marker (HF183) and Enterococcus by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed and the SourceTracker algorithm was used to characterize the bacterial community of the wastewater treatment plume and its contribution to beach waters. Sampling dates were chosen based on ocean conditions associated with northern currents. Evidence of a gradient in human fecal pollution that extended north from the wastewater discharge across the United States/Mexico border from the point source was observed using human-associated genetic markers and microbial community analysis. The spatial extent of fecal contamination observed was largely dependent on swell and ocean conditions. These findings demonstrate the utility of a combination of molecular tools for understanding and tracking specific pollutant sources in dynamic coastal water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amity G Zimmer-Faust
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States
| | - Joshua A Steele
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States
| | - Xianyi Xiong
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Christopher Staley
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Madison Griffith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Margarita Diaz
- Proyecto Fronterizo de Educación Ambiental, A.C., Tijuana, Mexico
| | - John F Griffith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States
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5
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Aguilar-Maldonado JA, Santamaría-Del-Ángel E, Gonzalez-Silvera A, Sebastiá-Frasquet MT. Detection of Phytoplankton Temporal Anomalies Based on Satellite Inherent Optical Properties: A Tool for Monitoring Phytoplankton Blooms. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19153339. [PMID: 31366087 PMCID: PMC6696259 DOI: 10.3390/s19153339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The baseline of a specific variable defines the average behavior of that variable and it must be built from long data series that represent its spatial and temporal variability. In coastal and marine waters, phytoplankton can produce blooms characterized by a wide range of total cells number or chlorophyll a concentration. Classifying a phytoplankton abundance increase as a bloom depends on the species, the study area and the season. The objective of this study was to define the baseline of satellite absorption coefficients in Todos Santos Bay (Baja California, Mexico) to determine the presence of phytoplankton blooms based on the satellite inherent optical properties index (satellite IOP index). Two field points were selected according to historical bloom reports. To build the baseline, the data of phytoplankton absorption coefficients ( a p h y , G I O P ) and detritus plus colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) ( a d C D O M , G I O P ) from the generalized inherent optical property (GIOP) satellite model of the NASA moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS-Aqua) sensor was studied for the period 2003 to 2016. Field data taken during a phytoplankton bloom event on June 2017 was used to validate the use of satellite products. The association between field and satellite data had a significant positive correlation. The satellite baseline detected a trend change from high values to low values of the satellite IOP index since 2010. Improved wastewater treatment to waters discharged into the Bay, and increased aquaculture of filter-feeding mollusks could have been the cause. The methodology proposed in this study can be a supplementary tool for permanent in situ monitoring programs. This methodology offers several advantages: A complete spatial coverage of the specific coastal area under study, appropriate temporal resolution and a tool for building an objective baseline to detect deviation from average conditions during phytoplankton bloom events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Antonio Aguilar-Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico.
- Alumni PhD Postgraduate Program in Coastal Oceanography FCM-UABC, Ensenada 22860, Mexico.
| | | | | | - María Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet
- Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46730 Grau de Gandia, Spain.
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Zimmer-Faust AG, Thulsiraj V, Lee CM, Whitener V, Rugh M, Mendoza-Espinosa L, Jay JA. Multi-tiered approach utilizing microbial source tracking and human associated-IMS/ATP for surveillance of human fecal contamination in Baja California, Mexico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:475-484. [PMID: 29864661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As both the need for reuse of reclaimed wastewater and the burden placed on existing wastewater treatment plants increase, so does the need for methods that can reliably, rapidly and economically identify human-associated contamination. A survey of surface water quality was conducted in Baja California, Mexico where inadequate infrastructure or its inefficient operation leads to poor water quality. The HF183 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) human-associated gene markers were detected in 84% and 82% of samples collected during dry weather, illustrating evidence of widespread human fecal contamination. In addition, an inversely-coupled (Inv-IMS/ATP) viability-based assay for detection of B. theta was developed and applied for rapid detection and screening of human-associated fecal contamination. The Inv-IMS/ATP assay was able to effectively differentiate between surface waters impacted with human fecal contamination, and B. theta levels measured by Inv-IMS/ATP were highly correlated with HF183 and B. theta human marker measurements (r = 0.76; r = 0.82) in complex surface water samples. In areas with widespread human fecal contamination and limited access to more expensive methods, a multi-pronged approach utilizing a combination of methods including the Inv-IMS/ATP assay for rapid evaluation and screening of surface water quality alongside human-associated genetic markers may improve risk assessment and surveillance capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amity G Zimmer-Faust
- Western Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Currently at Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.
| | - Vanessa Thulsiraj
- Biology Department, Mount Saint Mary's University, 12001 Chalon Road, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Earth Science Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, WA, USA
| | - Victoria Whitener
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Megan Rugh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Jay
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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7
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Mok JS, Lee KJ, Kim PH, Lee TS, Lee HJ, Jung YJ, Kim JH. Bacteriological quality evaluation of seawater and oysters from the Jaranman-Saryangdo area, a designated shellfish growing area in Korea: Impact of inland pollution sources. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:147-154. [PMID: 27113023 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
From 2011 to 2013, we conducted a full sanitary survey of pollution sources in proximity to a designated shellfish growing area in Korea, and their impact on the sea area therein. From this area, 836 seawater samples and 93 oyster samples were examined to evaluate their bacteriological quality. There were 483 potential pollution sources in the drainage area of the Jaranman-Saryangdo area, including 38 sources discharging water. It demonstrates that while many pollution sources have been identified, no significant impact occurred within the designated shellfish growing area. Variations in fecal coliform (FC) levels in seawater were closely related to rainfall. The FC levels of seawater and oysters from the designated area met the regulation limits set by various countries. Our study indicates that the oysters produced in this area are apparently safe for raw consumption based on their bacterial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Mok
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 397-68, Sanyang-iljuro, Sanyang-up, Tongyeong 650-943, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ka Jeong Lee
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 397-68, Sanyang-iljuro, Sanyang-up, Tongyeong 650-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Poong Ho Kim
- Food Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 216, Gijang-haeanro, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seek Lee
- Food Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 216, Gijang-haeanro, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Food Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 216, Gijang-haeanro, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun Joong Jung
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 397-68, Sanyang-iljuro, Sanyang-up, Tongyeong 650-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoe Kim
- Food Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 216, Gijang-haeanro, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
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Kim SY, Terrill EJ, Cornuelle BD. Assessing coastal plumes in a region of multiple discharges: the U.S.-Mexico border. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:7450-7457. [PMID: 19848160 DOI: 10.1021/es900775p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The San Diego/Tijuana border region has several environmental challenges with regard to assessing water quality impacts resulting from local coastal ocean discharges for which transport is not hindered by political boundaries. While an understanding of the fate and transport of these discharged plumes has a broad audience, the spatial and temporal scales of the physical processes present numerous challenges in conducting assessment with any fidelity. To address these needs, a data-driven model of the transport of both shoreline and offshore discharges is developed and operated in a hindcast mode for a four-year period to analyze regional connectivity between the discharges and the receiving of waters and the coastline. The plume exposure hindcast model is driven by surface current data generated by a network of high-frequency radars. Observations provided by both boat-based CTD measurements and fixed oceanographic moorings are used with the Roberts-Snyder-Baumgartner model to predict the plume rise height. The surface transport model outputs are compared with shoreline samples of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and the skill of the model to assess low water quality is evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yong Kim
- Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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