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Chen Y, Ren W, Ma T, Ren N, Wang S, Duan X. Transformative Removal of Aqueous Micropollutants into Polymeric Products by Advanced Oxidation Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4844-4851. [PMID: 38385614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This perspective presents the latest advancements in selective polymerization pathways in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for removal of featured organic pollutants in wastewater. In radical-based homogeneous reactions, SO4• --based systems exhibit superior oxidative activity toward aromatics with electron-donating substituents via single electron transfer and radical adduct formation (RAF). The produced organic radical cations subsequently undergo coupling and polymerization reactions to produce polymers. For •OH-based oxidation, metal ions facilitate the production of monomer radicals via RAF. Additionally, heterogeneous catalysts can mediate both coupling and polymerization reactions via persulfate activation without generating inorganic radicals. Metal-based catalysts will mediate a direct oxidation pathway toward polymerization. In contrast, carbon-based catalysts will induce coupling reactions to produce low-molecular-weight oligomers (≤4 units) via an electron transfer process. In comparison to mineralization, polymerization pathways remarkably reduce peroxide usage, quickly separate pollutants from the aqueous phase, and generate polymeric byproducts. Thus, AOP-driven polymerization systems hold significant promise in reducing carbon emission and realizing carbon recycling in water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Wei Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Shan YD, Wu SH, Wang YL, Wang C, Zhi SQ, Liu Y, Han X. Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexanol/Cyclohexanone by Surface Peroxo Species on Cu-Mesoporous TiO 2. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4872-4882. [PMID: 36916853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone (KA-oil) is an important chemical process, which is still constrained by low conversion and selectivity and high energy consumption. In this study, Cu-doped mesoporous TiO2 (Cu-MT) has been successfully synthesized via calcinating MIL-125(Ti) doped with copper acetylacetonate, which shows high reactivity in selective oxidation of cyclohexane to KA-oil by persulfate (PS) with the desirable cyclohexane conversion of 16.8% and a selectivity of 98.0% under mild conditions and the low ratio of PS/cyclohexane of 1:1. A series of characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the doped Cu(I,II) on Cu-MT is the reactive site for non-radical activation of PS with the moderate elongation of the O-O bond in PS, which then abstracts 1H (1H+ + 1e-) from cyclohexane to form Cy• and eventually KA-oil. This study gives new insight on the importance of moderately activated PS in selective oxidation of C-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Shan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Song-Hai Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Le Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Heibei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Shao-Qi Zhi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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Zhi SQ, Zhang JY, Wu SH, Zhu WS, Shan YD, Liu Y, Han X. Oxidative Desulfurization of Benzothiophene by Persulfate and Cu-Loaded g-C 3 N 4 via the Polymerization Pathway. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qi Zhi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Song-Hai Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Shuang Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Dong Shan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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Xiao J, Wang C, Feng BQ, Liu TY, Jia SY, Ren HT, Liu Y, Wu SH, Han X. Mediation of water-soluble oligoaniline by phenol in the aniline-persulfate system under alkaline conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10394-10407. [PMID: 35441182 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although synthesis of oligoaniline (OANI) by persulfate and aniline has been investigated in the recent years, the impact of phenol on the synthesized soluble OANI is still not clear. In this study, our results indicate that phenol and pH mediate the production of the blue water-soluble OANI (OANIblue) in the reaction between sodium persulfate (SPS) and aniline under alkaline conditions, and the yields of OANIblue increase with increasing concentrations of phenol and pH values. Quenching experiments rule out the contributions of SO4˙- and ˙OH to aniline oxidation and imply that the non-radical activation of SPS is an important pathway in the formation of OANIblue. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis indicates that phenol apparently inhibits the polymerization degree of aniline in that the molecular weights of OANIblue gradually decrease from 1586.4 to 684.6 when phenol is increased from 0 to 2.0 mM. FTIR and Raman analyses confirm the structure of aniline oligomers in OANIblue and indicate that phenol inhibits the phenazine-like structure in OANIblue and facilitates the transformation of benzenoid rings to quinoid rings in the oxidation products. However, simultaneous activation of SPS by phenol and aniline is likely to occur in the reaction system with the formation of PhNH˙, as indicated by DFT calculations. The high scavenging reactivity of phenol towards both PhNH2˙+ and PhNH˙ implies that PhNH2˙+ and PhNH˙ are not the intermediates in the formation of OANIblue. DFT calculations also reveal that apart from the one-electron transfer pathway between aniline and SPS, the two-electron transfer pathway is also likely to occur in the presence of phenol, resulting in the formation of PhNH+/PhN˙˙ without producing PhNH2˙+ and PhNH˙. The produced PhNH+/PhN˙˙ intermediates then couple with aniline, PhNH+, aminophenyl sulfate and its hydrolysate to form dimers, trimers, oligomers, and eventually OANIblue. This study not only describes a novel method to prepare water-soluble OANI, but also gives new insight on the importance of phenol in the production of OANIblue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Safety Supervision, North China Institute of Science and Technology, No. 467 Academy Street, Sanhe Yanjiao Development Zone, Langfang 065201, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Qi Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yi Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Ren
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Song-Hai Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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Yu X, Tan L, Yu Y, Xia Y, Guan Z, Gu J, Wang J, Chen H, Jiang F. Insights into the hydrated electron generation from UV/aniline: Mechanism and quantum efficiency. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132292. [PMID: 34562711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The insight into the neglected reduction process accompanied by UV-based oxidation process may provide new ideas for the development of advanced oxidation and reduction technologies. In this study, aniline was comprehensively investigated as an unexpected indicator of hydrated electron (eaq-) under UV irradiation. Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) was selected as the probe of eaq- and the balance of chloride ions indicated the reduction of MCAA. Further, laser flash photolysis experiments demonstrated the generation of eaq- in the UV/aniline process and the half-life period of formed eaq- was demonstrated to be 0.13 μs. The photolysis of aniline along with the decay of the excited state of aniline was responsible for the eaq- generation. Besides, the hydrogen atom (H) generated from the photolysis can subsequently reacted with OH- to generate eaq-. The photolysis pathways of aniline were proposed by the results of GC-MS. Aniline was abstracted of H in solution to the formation of aniline radical (PhNH) or form aminophenol in three different isomers (orto-, meta- and para-aminophenol). Moreover, UV/aniline showed a higher reducing capacity of MCAA compared with other organic electron donors and sustained a highly reducing ability in a wide pH. And the calculation results of quantum efficiency (Φ) showed that excessive aniline was not conducive to the elevation of Φ. This study introduced a novel pathway of eaq- generation during the photolysis of aniline and provided a new perspective for eaq--based advanced reduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yalin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Fang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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