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Catalytic-Level Identification of Prepared Pt/HY, Pt-Zn/HY, and Pt-Rh/HY Nanocatalysts on the Reforming Reactions of N-Heptane. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The operation of reforming catalysts in a fixed bed reactor undergoes a high level of interaction between the operating parameters and the reaction mechanism. Understanding such an interaction reduces the catalyst deactivation rate. In the present work, three kinds of nanocatalysts (i.e., Pt/HY, Pt-Zn/HY, and Pt-Rh/HY) were synthesized. The catalysts’ performances were evaluated for n-heptane reactions in the fixed bed reactor. The operating conditions applied were the following: 1 bar pressure, WHSV of 4, hydrogen/n-heptane ratio of 4, and the reaction temperatures of 425, 450, 475, 500, and 525 °C. The optimal reaction temperature for all three types of nanocatalysts to produce high-quality isomers and aromatic hydrocarbons was 500 °C. Accordingly, the nanocatalyst Pt-Zn/HY provided the highest catalytic selectivity for the desired hydrocarbons. Moreover, the Pt-Zn/HY-nanocatalyst showed more resistance against catalyst deactivation in comparison with the other two types of nanocatalysts (Pt/HY and Pt-Rh/HY). This work offers more understanding for the application of nanocatalysts in the reforming process in petroleum refineries with high performance and economic feasibility.
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Saab R, Polychronopoulou K, Anjum DH, Charisiou N, Goula MA, Hinder SJ, Baker MA, Schiffer A. Carbon Nanostructure/Zeolite Y Composites as Supports for Monometallic and Bimetallic Hydrocracking Catalysts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3246. [PMID: 36145035 PMCID: PMC9504968 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examine the effect of integrating different carbon nanostructures (carbon nanotubes, CNTs, graphene nanoplatelets, GNPs) into Ni- and Ni-W-based bi-functional catalysts for hydrocracking of heptane performed at 400 °C. The effect of varying the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the zeolite Y support (between 5 and 30) on the heptane conversion is also studied. The results show that the activity, in terms of heptane conversion, followed the order CNT/Ni-ZY5 (92%) > GNP/Ni-ZY5 (89%) > CNT/Ni-W-ZY30 (86%) > GNP/Ni-W-ZY30 (85%) > CNT/Ni-ZY30 (84%) > GNP/Ni-ZY30 (83%). Thus, the CNT-based catalysts exhibited slightly higher heptane conversion as compared to the GNP-based ones. Furthermore, bimetallic (Ni-W) catalysts possessed higher BET surface areas (725 m2/g for CNT/Ni-W-ZY30 and 612 m2/g for CNT/Ni-ZY30) and exhibited enhanced hydrocracking activity as compared to the monometallic (Ni) catalyst with the same zeolite support and type of carbon structure. It was also shown that CNT-based catalysts possessed higher regeneration capability than their GNP-based counterparts due to the slightly higher thermal stability of the CVD-grown CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Saab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nikolaos Charisiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Koila, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - Maria A. Goula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Koila, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - Steven J. Hinder
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 4DL, UK
| | - Mark A. Baker
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 4DL, UK
| | - Andreas Schiffer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
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