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Regulation of Tight Junctions by Sex Hormones in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111404. [PMID: 35681868 PMCID: PMC9179430 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary How ovarian hormones affect goat lactation by regulating cell–cell junctions is still unclear. Through the in vivo and in vitro assays, we found that ovarian hormones could elevate cell–cell junction protein expression, which may affect the intercellular space and molecule transportation between the goat mammary epithelial cells. Our assessment suggests that ovarian hormones may affect goat milk production by regulating the cell–cell junction protein expression between mammary epithelial cells. Abstract The sex hormones of estrogen and progesterone (P4) play a vital role in mammary gland development and milk lactation in ruminants. The tight junction (TJ) between adjacent secretory epithelial cells is instrumental in establishing the mammary blood–milk barrier. However, whether estrogen and P4 exert their effect on mammary function via regulating TJ remain unclear. Here, to clarify the role of 17-β estradiol (E2) and P4 in the regulation of TJ in goat mammary gland, we first explored the relationships between the concentrations of E2, P4, and the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 during the mammary gland development in goat. Then, we further explored the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 in the goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) in vitro under different concentrations of E2 and P4. The results demonstrated that the protein expression of claudin-1 decreased, but occludin and ZO-1 increased with the decline in E2 and P4 during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. In the in vitro studies, E2 exerted a positive effect on the mRNA expression of claudin-1, and accelerated the proteins’ expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in GMECs; P4 upregulated the mRNA expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1, and also improved the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and ZO-1 in the GMECs. The results demonstrated that E2 and P4 play an important role in regulating the expression of the mammary TJ components, which may ultimately affect the mammary gland development and milk lactation.
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Canciello A, Teti G, Mazzotti E, Falconi M, Russo V, Giordano A, Barboni B. Progesterone Prolongs Viability and Anti-inflammatory Functions of Explanted Preterm Ovine Amniotic Membrane. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:135. [PMID: 32258004 PMCID: PMC7089934 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) is considered an important medical device with many applications in regenerative medicine. The therapeutic properties of AM are due to its resistant extracellular matrix and to the large number of bioactive molecules released by its cells. An important goal that still remains to be achieved is the identification of cultural and preservation protocols able to maintain in time the membrane morphology and the biological properties of its cells. Recently, our research group demonstrated that progesterone (P4) is crucial in preventing the loss of the epithelial phenotype of amniotic epithelial cells in vitro. Followed by this premise, it has been evaluated whether P4 may also affect AM properties in a short-term culture. Results confirm that P4 preserves AM integrity and architecture with respect to untreated AM, which showed alterations in morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses demonstrate that P4 also maintains unaltered cell-cell junctions, nuclear status, and intracellular organelles. On the contrary, an untreated AM experienced an extensive cell death and a strong reduction of immunomodulatory properties, measured in terms of anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion. Overall, these results could open to new strategies to ameliorate the protocols for cryopreservation and tissue culture, which represent preliminary stages of AM application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Canciello
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gabriella Teti
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazzotti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Canciello A, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Bernabò N, Muttini A, Mattioli M, Barboni B. Progesterone prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovine amniotic epithelial cells and enhances their immunomodulatory properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3761. [PMID: 28630448 PMCID: PMC5476612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro expansion is detrimental to therapeutic applications of amniotic epithelial cells (AEC), an emerging source of fetal stem cells. This study provides molecular evidences of progesterone (P4) role in preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovine AEC (oAEC). oAEC amplified under standard conditions spontaneously acquired mesenchymal properties through the up-regulation of EMT-transcription factors. P4 supplementation prevented phenotype shift by inhibiting the EMT-inducing mechanism such as the autocrine production of TGF-β and the activation of intracellular-related signaling. The effect of P4 still persisted for one passage after steroid removal from culture as well as steroid supplementation promptly reversed mesenchymal phenotype in oAEC which have experienced EMT during amplification. Furthermore, P4 promoted an acute up-regulation of pluripotent genes whereas enhanced basal and LPS-induced oAEC anti-inflammatory response with an increase in anti-inflammatory and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Altogether, these results indicate that P4 supplementation is crucial to preserve epithelial phenotype and to enhance biological properties in expanded oAEC. Therefore, an innovative cultural approach is proposed in order to improve therapeutic potential of this promising source of epithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Canciello
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Valentina Russo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Muttini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise (IZSAM) "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Gerlinskaya LA, Maslennikova SO, Anisimova MV, Feofanova NA, Zavjalov EL, Kontsevaya GV, Moshkin YM, Moshkin MP. Modulation of embryonic development due to mating with immunised males. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:565-574. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of pre- and postnatal development conferred by immunogenic stimulation of mothers provides a population-level adaptation mechanism for non-genetic transfer of maternal experiences to progeny. However little is known about the transmission of paternal immune experiences to offspring. Here, we show that immune priming of males 3–9 days before mating affects the growth and humoral environment of developing embryos of outbred (ICR) and inbred (C57BL and BALB/c) mice. Antigenic stimulation of fathers caused a significant increase in embryonic bodyweight as measured on Day 16 of pregnancy and altered other gestation parameters, such as feto–placental ratio. Pregnant females mated with immunised males were also characterised by changes in humoral conditions as shown by measurements of blood and amniotic progesterone, testosterone and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokine concentrations. These results emphasise the role of paternal effects of immune priming on the in utero environment and fetal growth.
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Kielgast F, Schmidt H, Braubach P, Winkelmann VE, Thompson KE, Frick M, Dietl P, Wittekindt OH. Glucocorticoids Regulate Tight Junction Permeability of Lung Epithelia by Modulating Claudin 8. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:707-17. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0071oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ahn C, Yang H, Lee D, An BS, Jeung EB. Placental claudin expression and its regulation by endogenous sex steroid hormones. Steroids 2015; 100:44-51. [PMID: 25982333 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) form continuous intercellular contacts controlling the paracellular transportation across the cell-to-cell junction. TJ components include the peripheral protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs), and integral proteins such as occludin and claudins. Among the junction proteins, claudins play a major role in regulation of paracellular electrolyte transportation. This study explores the expression and distribution of tight junctions and their regulation during pregnancy. To study the regulation of claudin family, we examined expression of mouse placental tight junction proteins, including claudin-1 to -24, with real-time PCR and Western blotting and distribution of tight junction proteins with immunohistochemistry. Pregnant C57/BL6 mice were used in this study. The pregnant mice were divided into three groups depending on pregnant day (on days 12, 16, and 20 of gestation). Regarding the transcription levels, claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-4, and claudin-5 expression levels were relatively high compared to other claudin family in all periods of pregnancy. Claudin-4 and 5 expressions, which reduce ion permeability, were increased over a period of time. However, claudin-2 expression, that is the responsive protein for a decrease in paracellular conductance, was decreased. Following this modulation of expression during mid-term pregnancy, we identified endogenous hormonal modulation of claudin family using estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 and progesterone receptor antagonist RU-486. After administration of ICI and RU-486, expression of claudin-4 mRNA and protein was increased. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed to identify their localization for inferring permeability in placenta. Due to the function of claudins as effectors of ion transport at the end of regulatory pathways, they must be transducing proteins that modulate the function of claudins and thus link the physiologic inputs to the final effectors. This study will provide the claudin expressions and their localization in the mouse placenta, and their regulation by endogenous hormones. Taken together, the results of this study may contribute to assuming the roles and regulatory mechanism of these tight junction genes regarding maternal-fetal ion transportation in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongoh Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Beum-soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongnam 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea.
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Hu YJ, Wang YD, Tan FQ, Yang WX. Regulation of paracellular permeability: factors and mechanisms. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6123-42. [PMID: 24062072 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial permeability is composed of transcellular permeability and paracellular permeability. Paracellular permeability is controlled by tight junctions (TJs). Claudins and occludin are two major transmembrane proteins in TJs, which directly determine the paracellular permeability to different ions or large molecules. Intracellular signaling pathways including Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase, protein kinase Cs, and mitogen-activated protein kinase, modulate the TJ proteins to affect paracellular permeability in response for diverse stimuli. Cytokines, growth factors and hormones in organism can regulate the paracellular permeability via signaling pathway. The transcellular transporters such as Na-K-ATPase, Na(+)-coupled transporters and chloride channels, can interact with paracellular transport and regulate the TJs. In this review, we summarized the factors affecting paracellular permeability and new progressions of the related mechanism in recent studies, and pointed out further research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
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Hernández-Monge J, Garay E, Raya-Sandino A, Vargas-Sierra O, Díaz-Chávez J, Popoca-Cuaya M, Lambert PF, González-Mariscal L, Gariglio P. Papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein up-regulates occludin and ZO-2 expression in ovariectomized mice epidermis. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2588-603. [PMID: 23948304 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the expression of the tight junction proteins (TJ) occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-2 in the epidermis of female mice. We observed a peak of expression of these proteins at postnatal day 7 and a decrease in 6 week-old mice to values similar to those found in newborn animals. We explored if the expression of the E6 oncoprotein from high-risk human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) in the skin of transgenic female mice (K14E6), altered TJ protein expression in a manner sensitive to ovarian hormones. We observed that in ovariectomized mice E6 up-regulates the expression of occludin and ZO-2 in the epidermis and that this effect was canceled by 17β-estradiol. Progesterone instead induced occludin and ZO-2 over-expression. However, the decreased expression of occludin and ZO-2 induced by 17β-estradiol in the epidermis was not overturned by E6 or progesterone. In addition, we employed MDCK cells transfected with E6, and observed that ZO-2 delocalizes from TJs and accumulates in the cell nuclei due to a decrease in the turnover rate of the protein. These results reinforce the view of 17β-estradiol and E6 as risk factors for the development of cancer through effects on expression and mislocalization of TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Hernández-Monge
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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Liang X, Zhang XH, Han BC, Lei W, Qi QR, Wang TS, Gu XW, Yang ZM. Progesterone and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor regulate the expression of tight junction protein Claudin-3 during early pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1410-8. [PMID: 23909989 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine Claudin-3 expression and its regulatory factors during embryo implantation. DESIGN Experimental mouse models and cell culture. SETTING University research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Sexually mature female CD-1 strain mice. INTERVENTION(S) Ovariectomy and treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for detecting Claudin-3 messenger RNA and protein expression in mouse uterus, respectively; Western blot for detecting protein levels; immunofluorescence for detecting Claudin-3 protein in cultured cells. RESULT(S) Claudin-3 is strongly expressed in the uterine luminal epithelium on days 3 and 4 of pregnancy, and diminished at day 5 implantation sites. Then it is expressed at secondary decidual zone on day 8. Pseudopregnant uteri have a similar expression pattern as pregnant uteri from days 1-5. Claudin-3 expression is down-regulated after delayed implantation is activated by estrogen (E) treatment. Meanwhile Claudin-3 expression is stimulated by artificial decidualization. In ovariectomized mice, P induces Claudin-3 expression in the luminal epithelium, which is abrogated by P receptor antagonist RU486. Heparin-binding-epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) down-regulates Claudin-3 expression, but enhances transcription factor Snail expression. In human endometrial epithelial ECC-1 cells, both E and P could stimulate Claudin-3 expression, whereas HB-EGF decreases Claudin-3 and increases Snail expression. CONCLUSION(S) Claudin-3 expression in uterine luminal epithelium is stimulated by P and suppressed by HB-EGF in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, People's Republic of China; School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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Possible involvement of tight junctions, extracellular matrix and nuclear receptors in epithelial differentiation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:253048. [PMID: 22162632 PMCID: PMC3227411 DOI: 10.1155/2011/253048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are intercellular junctions localized at the most apical end of the lateral plasma membrane. They consist of four kinds of transmembrane proteins (occludin, claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and tricellulin) and huge numbers of scaffolding proteins and contribute to the paracellular barrier and fence function. The mutation and deletion of these proteins impair the functions of tight junctions and cause various human diseases. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent studies on transmembrane proteins of tight junctions and highlight the functional significance of tight junctions, extracellular matrix, and nuclear receptors in epithelial differentiation.
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Distinct behavior of claudin-3 and -4 around lactation period in mammary alveolus in mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 136:587-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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