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Lee XY, Van Eynde W, Helsen C, Willems H, Peperstraete K, De Block S, Voet A, Claessens F. Structural mechanism underlying variations in DNA binding by the androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106499. [PMID: 38604378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid activated transcription factor which recognizes DNA motifs resembling inverted repeats of a conserved 5'-AGAACA-3'-like hexanucleotides separated by a three-nucleotide spacer from a similar, but less conserved hexanucleotide. Here, we report the structures of the human AR DNA binding domain (DBD) bound to two natural AREs (C3 and MTV) in head-to-head dimer conformations, diffracting at 2.05 Å and 2.25 Å, respectively. These structures help to explain the impact of androgen insensitivity mutations on the structure integrity, DNA binding and DBD dimerization. The binding affinity of the AR DBD to different DNA motifs were measured by the BioLayer Interferometry (BLI) and further validated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. This shows that the high binding affinity of the first DBD to the upstream 5'-AGAACA-3' motif induces the cooperative binding of the second DBD to the second hexanucleotide. Our data indicate identical interaction of the DBDs to the upstream hexanucleotides, while forming an induced closer contact of the second DBD on the non-canonical hexanucleotides. The variation in binding between the DBD monomers are the result of differences in DNA occupancy, protein-protein interactions, DNA binding affinity, and DNA binding energy profiles. We propose this has functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yin Lee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg ON1 Herestraat 49 - box 901, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Wout Van Eynde
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg ON1 Herestraat 49 - box 901, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Hanne Willems
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg ON1 Herestraat 49 - box 901, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kaat Peperstraete
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg ON1 Herestraat 49 - box 901, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Block
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg ON1 Herestraat 49 - box 901, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg ON1 Herestraat 49 - box 901, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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2
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Spinelli S, Bruschi M, Passalacqua M, Guida L, Magnone M, Sturla L, Zocchi E. Estrogen-Related Receptor α: A Key Transcription Factor in the Regulation of Energy Metabolism at an Organismic Level and a Target of the ABA/LANCL Hormone Receptor System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4796. [PMID: 38732013 PMCID: PMC11084903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor ERRα is the most extensively researched member of the estrogen-related receptor family and holds a pivotal role in various functions associated with energy metabolism, especially in tissues characterized by high energy requirements, such as the heart, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, kidney, and brain. Abscisic acid (ABA), traditionally acknowledged as a plant stress hormone, is detected and actively functions in organisms beyond the land plant kingdom, encompassing cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, protozoan parasites, lower Metazoa, and mammals. Its ancient, cross-kingdom role enables ABA and its signaling pathway to regulate cell responses to environmental stimuli in various organisms, such as marine sponges, higher plants, and humans. Recent advancements in understanding the physiological function of ABA and its mammalian receptors in governing energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in myocytes, adipocytes, and neuronal cells suggest potential therapeutic applications for ABA in pre-diabetes, diabetes, and cardio-/neuroprotection. The ABA/LANCL1-2 hormone/receptor system emerges as a novel regulator of ERRα expression levels and transcriptional activity, mediated through the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis. There exists a reciprocal feed-forward transcriptional relationship between the LANCL proteins and transcriptional coactivators ERRα/PGC-1α, which may be leveraged using natural or synthetic LANCL agonists to enhance mitochondrial function across various clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spinelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Mirko Magnone
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Sturla
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
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3
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Rahman MH, Hegazy L. Mechanism of antagonist ligand binding to REV-ERBα. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8401. [PMID: 38600172 PMCID: PMC11006950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
REV-ERBα, a therapeutically promising nuclear hormone receptor, plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes such as the circadian clock, inflammation, and metabolism. However, the availability of chemical probes to investigate the pharmacology of this receptor is limited, with SR8278 being the only identified synthetic antagonist. Moreover, no X-ray crystal structures are currently available that demonstrate the binding of REV-ERBα to antagonist ligands. This lack of structural information impedes the development of targeted therapeutics. To address this issue, we employed Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to investigate the binding pathway of SR8278 to REV-ERBα. For comparison, we also used GaMD to observe the ligand binding process of STL1267, for which an X-ray structure is available. GaMD simulations successfully captured the binding of both ligands to the receptor's orthosteric site and predicted the ligand binding pathway and important amino acid residues involved in the antagonist SR8278 binding. This study highlights the effectiveness of GaMD in investigating protein-ligand interactions, particularly in the context of drug recognition for nuclear hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Homaidur Rahman
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lamees Hegazy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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4
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Xiang J, Li Z, Liu Q. Exploring inhibitory components of Hedyotis diffusa on androgen receptor through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36637. [PMID: 38206742 PMCID: PMC10754563 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the effective ingredients and mechanisms of action in Hedyotis diffusa (HD) that have inhibitory effects on androgen receptors (AR) using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The effective ingredients of HD were collected through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database and literatures. All components were docked with AR using Libdock. The receptor ligand interaction between the optimal ligand and AR were analyzed. Two simulation systems, namely I and II, containing AR and testosterone propionates (TP) were constructed, which System II contained the optimal ligand. The duration of the MDS was set to 300 ns. The distance between TP and AR peripheral active sites, root mean square deviation of ligand and receptor, receptor radius of gyration, distance between ligand center and binding site center, and ligand receptor binding energy were analyzed. 37 components of HD were collected, and the optimal ligand was MOL001656. MOL001656 forms hydrogen bonds with residues LEU48, PHE108, GLN55, LEU45, and ASN49 of AR. MDS have found that binding of TP to AR active sites can be observed in System I. The root mean square deviation of AR and MOL001656 both tended to stabilize in System II, with no significant fluctuations in the radius of gyration of AR and no significant fluctuations in the distance between ligand and binding cavity, indicating that the receptor ligand structure is relatively stable and their binding is relatively stable. The binding energy between AR and MOL001656 was -29.33 ± 3.84 kcal/mol. HD contains multiple effective ingredients that may have inhibitory AR activity. MOL001656 can occupy binding sites, thereby may exerting AR inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Nursing, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zefei Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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5
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Senapati D, Sharma V, Rath SK, Rai U, Panigrahi N. Functional implications and therapeutic targeting of androgen response elements in prostate cancer. Biochimie 2023; 214:188-198. [PMID: 37460038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in the growth and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). Ligand-activated AR inside the nucleus binds to the androgen response element (ARE) of the target genes in dimeric form and recruits transcriptional machinery to facilitate gene transcription. Pharmacological compounds that inhibit the AR action either bind to the ligand binding domain (LBD) or interfere with the interactions of AR with other co-regulatory proteins, slowing the progression of the disease. However, the emergence of resistance to conventional treatment makes clinical management of CaP difficult. Resistance has been associated with activation of androgen/AR axis that restores AR transcriptional activity. Activated AR signaling in resistance cases can be mediated by several mechanisms including AR amplification, gain-of-function AR mutations, androgen receptor variant (ARVs), intracrine androgen production, and overexpression of AR coactivators. Importantly, in castration resistant prostate cancer, ARVs lacking the LBD become constitutively active and promote hormone-independent development, underlining the need to concentrate on the other domain or the AR-DNA interface for the identification of novel actionable targets. In this review, we highlight the plasticity of AR-DNA binding and explain how fine-tuning AR's cooperative interactions with DNA translate into developing an alternative strategy to antagonize AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirodatta Senapati
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceuticals and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uddipak Rai
- School of Pharmaceuticals and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Naresh Panigrahi
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Patel AK, Vilela P, Shaik TB, McEwen A, Hazemann I, Brillet K, Ennifar E, Hamiche A, Markov G, Laudet V, Moras D, Klaholz B, Billas IL. Asymmetric dimerization in a transcription factor superfamily is promoted by allosteric interactions with DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8864-8879. [PMID: 37503845 PMCID: PMC10484738 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors, such as nuclear receptors achieve precise transcriptional regulation by means of a tight and reciprocal communication with DNA, where cooperativity gained by receptor dimerization is added to binding site sequence specificity to expand the range of DNA target gene sequences. To unravel the evolutionary steps in the emergence of DNA selection by steroid receptors (SRs) from monomeric to dimeric palindromic binding sites, we carried out crystallographic, biophysical and phylogenetic studies, focusing on the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs, NR3B) that represent closest relatives of SRs. Our results, showing the structure of the ERR DNA-binding domain bound to a palindromic response element (RE), unveil the molecular mechanisms of ERR dimerization which are imprinted in the protein itself with DNA acting as an allosteric driver by allowing the formation of a novel extended asymmetric dimerization region (KR-box). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that this dimerization asymmetry is an ancestral feature necessary for establishing a strong overall dimerization interface, which was progressively modified in other SRs in the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Vilela
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Tajith Baba Shaik
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Alastair G McEwen
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Hazemann
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Karl Brillet
- Architecture et Réactivité de L’ARN, CNRS UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Ennifar
- Architecture et Réactivité de L’ARN, CNRS UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, 904-0495 Okinawa, Japan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd, Jiau Shi, I-Lan 262, Taiwan
| | - Dino Moras
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno P Klaholz
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle M L Billas
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
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7
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Hegde M, Girisa S, Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Mohan CD, Warrier S, Hui KM, Rangappa KS, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural compounds targeting nuclear receptors for effective cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:765-822. [PMID: 36482154 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of forty-eight transcription factors that modulate gene expression both spatially and temporally. Numerous biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, immune modulation, development, reproduction, and aging are extensively orchestrated by different NRs. The involvement of dysregulated NRs and NR-mediated signaling pathways in driving cancer cell hallmarks has been thoroughly investigated. Targeting NRs has been one of the major focuses of drug development strategies for cancer interventions. Interestingly, rapid progress in molecular biology and drug screening reveals that the naturally occurring compounds are promising modern oncology drugs which are free of potentially inevitable repercussions that are associated with synthetic compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to draw our attention to the potential therapeutic effects of various classes of natural compounds that target NRs such as phytochemicals, dietary components, venom constituents, royal jelly-derived compounds, and microbial derivatives in the establishment of novel and safe medications for cancer treatment. This review also emphasizes molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are leveraged to promote the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds. We have also critically reviewed and assessed the advantages and limitations of current preclinical and clinical studies on this subject for cancer prophylaxis. This might subsequently pave the way for new paradigms in the discovery of drugs that target specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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8
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Beinsteiner B, Billas IML, Moras D. Structural insights into the HNF4 biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1197063. [PMID: 37404310 PMCID: PMC10315846 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1197063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 (HNF4) is a transcription factor (TF) belonging to the nuclear receptor (NR) family that is expressed in liver, kidney, intestine and pancreas. It is a master regulator of liver-specific gene expression, in particular those genes involved in lipid transport and glucose metabolism and is crucial for the cellular differentiation during development. Dysregulation of HNF4 is linked to human diseases, such as type I diabetes (MODY1) and hemophilia. Here, we review the structures of the isolated HNF4 DNA binding domain (DBD) and ligand binding domain (LBD) and that of the multidomain receptor and compare them with the structures of other NRs. We will further discuss the biology of the HNF4α receptors from a structural perspective, in particular the effect of pathological mutations and of functionally critical post-translational modifications on the structure-function of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Beinsteiner
- Laboratory IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle M. L. Billas
- Laboratory IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Dino Moras
- Laboratory IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
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9
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Shindo S, Kakizaki S, Sakaki T, Kawasaki Y, Sakuma T, Negishi M, Shizu R. Phosphorylation of nuclear receptors: Novelty and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108477. [PMID: 37330113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NR) collectively regulate several biological functions in various organs. While NRs can be characterized by activation of the transcription of their signature genes, they also have other diverse roles. Although most NRs are directly activated by ligand binding, which induces cascades of events leading to gene transcription, some NRs are also phosphorylated. Despite extensive investigations, primarily focusing on unique phosphorylation of amino acid residues in different NRs, the role of phosphorylation in the biological activity of NRs in vivo has not been firmly established. Recent studies on the phosphorylation of conserved phosphorylation motifs within the DNA- and ligand-binding domains confirmed has indicated the physiologically relevance of NR phosphorylation. This review focuses on estrogen and androgen receptors, and highlights the concept of phosphorylation as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Shindo
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Satoru Kakizaki
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, 36 Takamatsu-cho, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0829, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaourui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sakuma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Masahiko Negishi
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Ryota Shizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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10
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Martinez SR, Elix CC, Ochoa PT, Sanchez-Hernandez ES, Alkashgari HR, Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Zhang L, Casiano CA. Glucocorticoid Receptor and β-Catenin Interact in Prostate Cancer Cells and Their Co-Inhibition Attenuates Tumorsphere Formation, Stemness, and Docetaxel Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087130. [PMID: 37108293 PMCID: PMC10139020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance hinders the efficacy of anti-androgen therapies and taxane-based chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling mediates resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) and has also been recently implicated in PCa resistance to docetaxel (DTX), suggesting a role in therapy cross-resistance. Like GR, β-catenin is upregulated in metastatic and therapy-resistant tumors and is a crucial regulator of cancer stemness and ARSI resistance. β-catenin interacts with AR to promote PCa progression. Given the structural and functional similarities between AR and GR, we hypothesized that β-catenin also interacts with GR to influence PCa stemness and chemoresistance. As expected, we observed that treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone promotednuclear accumulation of GR and active β-catenin in PCa cells. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that GR and β-catenin interact in DTX-resistant and DTX-sensitive PCa cells. Pharmacological co-inhibition of GR and β-catenin, using the GR modulator CORT-108297 and the selective β-catenin inhibitor MSAB, enhanced cytotoxicity in DTX-resistant PCa cells grown in adherent and spheroid cultures and decreased CD44+/CD24- cell populations in tumorspheres. These results indicate that GR and β-catenin influence cell survival, stemness, and tumorsphere formation in DTX-resistant cells. Their co-inhibition could be a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome PCa therapy cross-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannalee R Martinez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Catherine C Elix
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Pedro T Ochoa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Evelyn S Sanchez-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hossam R Alkashgari
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Greisha L Ortiz-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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11
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Johnston JG, Welch AK, Cain BD, Sayeski PP, Gumz ML, Wingo CS. Aldosterone: Renal Action and Physiological Effects. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4409-4491. [PMID: 36994769 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts profound effects on renal and cardiovascular physiology. In the kidney, aldosterone acts to preserve electrolyte and acid-base balance in response to changes in dietary sodium (Na+ ) or potassium (K+ ) intake. These physiological actions, principally through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), have important effects particularly in patients with renal and cardiovascular disease as demonstrated by multiple clinical trials. Multiple factors, be they genetic, humoral, dietary, or otherwise, can play a role in influencing the rate of aldosterone synthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Normally, aldosterone secretion and action respond to dietary Na+ intake. In the kidney, the distal nephron and collecting duct are the main targets of aldosterone and MR action, which stimulates Na+ absorption in part via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), the principal channel responsible for the fine-tuning of Na+ balance. Our understanding of the regulatory factors that allow aldosterone, via multiple signaling pathways, to function properly clearly implicates this hormone as central to many pathophysiological effects that become dysfunctional in disease states. Numerous pathologies that affect blood pressure (BP), electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health are due to abnormal secretion of aldosterone, mutations in MR, ENaC, or effectors and modulators of their action. Study of the mechanisms of these pathologies has allowed researchers and clinicians to create novel dietary and pharmacological targets to improve human health. This article covers the regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, receptors, effector molecules, and signaling pathways that modulate its action in the kidney. We also consider the role of aldosterone in disease and the benefit of mineralocorticoid antagonists. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4409-4491, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda K Welch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter P Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Jiang X, Zheng S, Bamu A, Dai H, Lin X. Nilaparvata lugens ERR2 regulates moulting and ovary development is related to hormone signalling. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36861367 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily is one of the largest groups of transcription factors in living organisms. Oestrogen related receptor (ERR) is a class of nuclear receptors closely related to oestrogen receptors (ERs). In this study, the Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens) ERR2 (NlERR2) was cloned, and the expression of NlERR2 was detected by qRT-PCR to explore the distribution of NlERR2 during development and in different tissues. Using RNAi and qRT-PCR, the interaction between NlERR2 and related genes of the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) signalling pathways was studied. The results showed that topical application of 20E and juvenile hormone III (JHIII) affected the expression of NlERR2, and NlERR2 could affect the expression of genes related to 20E and JH signalling pathways. Furthermore, NlERR2 and JH/20E hormone signalling-related genes affect moulting and ovarian development. NlERR2 and NlE93/NlKr-h1 affect the transcriptional expression of Vg-related genes. In summary, NlERR2 is related to hormone signalling pathways, which is also related to the expression of Vg and Vg related genes. Brown planthopper is one of the most important rice pests. This study provides an important basis for mining new targets for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anfu Bamu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Dai
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinda Lin
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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13
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de Sousa Coelho MDPS, Pereira IC, de Oliveira KGF, Oliveira IKF, Dos Santos Rizzo M, de Oliveira VA, Carneiro da Silva FC, Torres-Leal FL, de Castro E Sousa JM. Chemopreventive and anti-tumor potential of vitamin E in preclinical breast cancer studies: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:60-73. [PMID: 36657931 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E has been investigated for its antitumor potential, including the ability to change cancer gene pathways as well as promote antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate antitumor and chemopreventive activity of different vitamin E isoforms (tocopherols and tocotrienols) through in vitro and in vivo studies. METHOD The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD4202126207) and the search was carried out in four electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) in June 2021 by three independent reviewers. The search equation used was: "Supplementation" AND ("Vitamin E" OR Tocopherol OR Tocotrienol) AND "breast cancer" AND (chemotherapy OR therapy OR prevention). In vitro studies and animal models of breast cancer supplemented with tocopherol or tocotrienol vitamers, alone or in combination, were included. RESULTS The results revealed 8546 relevant studies that were initially identified in our search. After analysis, a total of 12 studies were eligible for this systematic review. All studies included animal models, and 5 of them also performed in vitro experiments on cancer cell lines. The studies performed supplementation with tocopherols, mixtures (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and synthetic vitamin E forms. There was an significant association of estradiol, dendritic cells and pterostilbene in combined therapy with vitamin E. Vitamin E delayed tumor development, reduced tumor size, proliferation, viability, expression of anti-apoptotic and cell proliferation genes, and upregulated pro-apoptotic genes, tumor suppressor genes and increased immune response. The effects on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant activity were conflicting among studies. Only one study with synthetic vitamin E reported cardiotoxicity, but it did not show vitamin E genotoxicity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, vitamin E isoforms, isolated or associated, showed antitumor and chemopreventive activity. However, due to studies heterogeneity, there is a need for further analysis to establish dose, form, supplementation time and breast cancer stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Perpetuo Socorro de Sousa Coelho
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology (LAPGENIC), Center for Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences - Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Irislene Costa Pereira
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Kynnara Gabriella Feitosa de Oliveira
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Iara Katryne Fonseca Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition - PPGAN, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Márcia Dos Santos Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Victor Alves de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition - PPGAN, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology (LAPGENIC), Center for Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences - Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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14
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Jiménez-Panizo A, Alegre-Martí A, Tettey T, Fettweis G, Abella M, Antón R, Johnson T, Kim S, Schiltz R, Núñez-Barrios I, Font-Díaz J, Caelles C, Valledor A, Pérez P, Rojas A, Fernández-Recio J, Presman D, Hager G, Fuentes-Prior P, Estébanez-Perpiñá E. The multivalency of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain explains its manifold physiological activities. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:13063-13082. [PMID: 36464162 PMCID: PMC9825158 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that controls metabolic and homeostatic processes essential for life. Although numerous crystal structures of the GR ligand-binding domain (GR-LBD) have been reported, the functional oligomeric state of the full-length receptor, which is essential for its transcriptional activity, remains disputed. Here we present five new crystal structures of agonist-bound GR-LBD, along with a thorough analysis of previous structural work. We identify four distinct homodimerization interfaces on the GR-LBD surface, which can associate into 20 topologically different homodimers. Biologically relevant homodimers were identified by studying a battery of GR point mutants including crosslinking assays in solution, quantitative fluorescence microscopy in living cells, and transcriptomic analyses. Our results highlight the relevance of non-canonical dimerization modes for GR, especially of contacts made by loop L1-3 residues such as Tyr545. Our work illustrates the unique flexibility of GR's LBD and suggests different dimeric conformations within cells. In addition, we unveil pathophysiologically relevant quaternary assemblies of the receptor with important implications for glucocorticoid action and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregory Fettweis
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA
| | - Montserrat Abella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Antón
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas A Johnson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA
| | - Sohyoung Kim
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA
| | - R Louis Schiltz
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA
| | - Israel Núñez-Barrios
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC). Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joan Font-Díaz
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Caelles
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Annabel F Valledor
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M Rojas
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC). Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Recio
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), CSIC - Universidad de La Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Diego M Presman
- IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Gordon L. Hager. Tel: +1 240 760 6618;
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15
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PPARγ lipodystrophy mutants reveal intermolecular interactions required for enhancer activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7090. [PMID: 36402763 PMCID: PMC9675755 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, and mutations that interfere with its function cause lipodystrophy. PPARγ is a highly modular protein, and structural studies indicate that PPARγ domains engage in several intra- and inter-molecular interactions. How these interactions modulate PPARγ's ability to activate target genes in a cellular context is currently poorly understood. Here we take advantage of two previously uncharacterized lipodystrophy mutations, R212Q and E379K, that are predicted to interfere with the interaction of the hinge of PPARγ with DNA and with the interaction of PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) with the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the retinoid X receptor, respectively. Using biochemical and genome-wide approaches we show that these mutations impair PPARγ function on an overlapping subset of target enhancers. The hinge region-DNA interaction appears mostly important for binding and remodelling of target enhancers in inaccessible chromatin, whereas the PPARγ-LBD:RXR-DBD interface stabilizes the PPARγ:RXR:DNA ternary complex. Our data demonstrate how in-depth analyses of lipodystrophy mutants can unravel molecular mechanisms of PPARγ function.
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16
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Rosso C, Fera N, Murugan NJ, Voutsadakis IA. Vitamin D Levels in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients according to Tumor Sub-Types. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:926-938. [PMID: 36373265 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2144582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important regulator of bone health. In addition, as a ligand for a nuclear receptor expressed in breast cancer cells, vitamin D exerts neoplasia modulating effects in breast cancer. However, despite extensive investigations, associations of vitamin D levels with breast cancer patient characteristics and disease sub-types are conflicting. A retrospective review of medical records of consecutive breast cancer patients treated and followed in a single cancer center was undertaken. All patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD, the circulating form of vitamin D) measurements available within 3 months of their diagnosis and before the start of any systemic treatment were included. Characteristics of patients and tumors with sufficient levels of 25-OHD were compared with those of patients with 25-OHD insufficiency. Two hundred ninety-two patients were included in the study. Almost two-thirds of the patients were 25-OHD insufficient, defined as having 25-OHD levels below 75 nmol/L. Compared with the group of patients who were 25-OHD sufficient, patients with 25-OHD insufficiency were younger and more often obese. Tumors of patients with 25-OHD insufficiency were more often ductal, of higher grade, and ER negative. 25-OHD insufficiency is prevalent in breast cancer patients and even more prevalent in younger and obese patients. 25-OHD insufficiency is associated with cancers that have aggressive characteristics, including higher grade and ER negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rosso
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Fera
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Nirosha J Murugan
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
- Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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17
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Kim NY, Lim CM, Park HM, Kim J, Pham TH, Yang Y, Lee HP, Hong JT, Yoon DY. MMPP promotes adipogenesis and glucose uptake via binding to the PPARγ ligand binding domain in 3T3-L1 MBX cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994584. [PMID: 36339572 PMCID: PMC9634037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor involved in adipogenesis, and its transcriptional activity depends on its ligands. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), well-known PPARγ agonists, are drugs that improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. However, TZDs are associated with severe adverse effects. As current therapies are not well designed, novel PPARγ agonists have been investigated in adipocytes. (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) is known to have anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we demonstrated the adipogenic effects of MMPP on the regulation of PPARγ transcriptional activity during adipocyte differentiation in vitro. MMPP treatment increased PPARγ transcriptional activity, and molecular docking studies revealed that MMPP binds directly to the PPARγ ligand binding domain. MMPP and rosiglitazone showed similar binding affinities to the PPARγ. MMPP significantly promoted lipid accumulation in adipocyte cells and increased the expression of C/EBPβ and the levels of p-AKT, p-GSK3, and p-AMPKα at an early stage. MMPP enhanced the expression of adipogenic markers such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, ACC, GLUT4, FABP4 and adiponectin in the late stage. MMPP also improved insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose uptake. Thus, MMPP, as a PPARγ agonist, may be a potential drug for type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders, which may help increase adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thu-Huyen Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Beinsteiner B, Markov GV, Bourguet M, McEwen AG, Erb S, Patel AKM, El Khaloufi El Khaddar FZ, Lecroisey C, Holzer G, Essabri K, Hazemann I, Hamiche A, Cianférani S, Moras D, Laudet V, Billas IML. A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization. BMC Biol 2022; 20:217. [PMID: 36199108 PMCID: PMC9535869 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear receptors are transcription factors of central importance in human biology and associated diseases. Much of the knowledge related to their major functions, such as ligand and DNA binding or dimerization, derives from functional studies undertaken in classical model animals. It has become evident, however, that a deeper understanding of these molecular functions requires uncovering how these characteristics originated and diversified during evolution, by looking at more species. In particular, the comprehension of how dimerization evolved from ancestral homodimers to a more sophisticated state of heterodimers has been missing, due to a too narrow phylogenetic sampling. Here, we experimentally and phylogenetically define the evolutionary trajectory of nuclear receptor dimerization by analyzing a novel NR7 subgroup, present in various metazoan groups, including cnidarians, annelids, mollusks, sea urchins, and amphioxus, but lost in vertebrates, arthropods, and nematodes. Results We focused on NR7 of the cephalochordate amphioxus B. lanceolatum. We present a complementary set of functional, structural, and evolutionary analyses that establish that NR7 lies at a pivotal point in the evolutionary trajectory from homodimerizing to heterodimerizing nuclear receptors. The crystal structure of the NR7 ligand-binding domain suggests that the isolated domain is not capable of dimerizing with the ubiquitous dimerization partner RXR. In contrast, the full-length NR7 dimerizes with RXR in a DNA-dependent manner and acts as a constitutively active receptor. The phylogenetic and sequence analyses position NR7 at a pivotal point, just between the basal class I nuclear receptors that form monomers or homodimers on DNA and the derived class II nuclear receptors that exhibit the classical DNA-independent RXR heterodimers. Conclusions Our data suggest that NR7 represents the “missing link” in the transition between class I and class II nuclear receptors and that the DNA independency of heterodimer formation is a feature that was acquired during evolution. Our studies define a novel paradigm of nuclear receptor dimerization that evolved from DNA-dependent to DNA-independent requirements. This new concept emphasizes the importance of DNA in the dimerization of nuclear receptors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor and other members of this pharmacologically important oxosteroid receptor subfamily. Our studies further underline the importance of studying emerging model organisms for supporting cutting-edge research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01413-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Beinsteiner
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Maxime Bourguet
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS CEA, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alastair G McEwen
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Stéphane Erb
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS CEA, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Fatima Z El Khaloufi El Khaddar
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Claire Lecroisey
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 CNRS, Molecular Zoology Team, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, Cedex 07, France
| | - Guillaume Holzer
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 CNRS, Molecular Zoology Team, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, Cedex 07, France.,Present address: Uniklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Karim Essabri
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Hazemann
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS CEA, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dino Moras
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan. .,Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd, Jiau Shi, I-Lan, 262, Taiwan.
| | - Isabelle M L Billas
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.
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19
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Gao H, Li Y, Chen X. Interactions between nuclear receptors glucocorticoid receptor α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α form a negative feedback loop. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:893-903. [PMID: 35476174 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both nuclear receptors glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) are involved in energy and lipid metabolism, and possess anti-inflammation effects. Previous studies indicate that a regulatory loop may exist between them. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that glucocorticoids stimulate hepatic PPARα expression via GRα at the transcriptional level. This stimulation of PPARα by GRα has physiological relevance and PPARα is involved in many glucocorticoid-induced pathophysiological processes, including gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis during fasting, insulin resistance, hypertension and anti-inflammatory effects. PPARα also synergizes with GRα to promote erythroid progenitor self-renewal. As the feedback, PPARα inhibits glucocorticoid actions at pre-receptor and receptor levels. PPARα decreases glucocorticoid production through inhibiting the expression and activity of type-1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts inactive glucocorticoids to active glucocorticoids at local tissues, and also down-regulates hepatic GRα expression, thus forming a complete and negative feedback loop. This negative feedback loop sheds light on prospective multi-drug therapeutic treatments in inflammatory diseases through a combination of glucocorticoids and PPARα agonists. This combination may potentially enhance the anti-inflammatory effects while alleviating side effects on glucose and lipid metabolism due to GRα activation. More investigations are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism and the relevant physiological or pathological significance of this regulatory loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Gao
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (the First People's Hospital of Zunyi), 563002, Zunyi, China
| | - Yujue Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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20
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El Kharraz S, Dubois V, Launonen KM, Helminen L, Palvimo JJ, Libert C, Smeets E, Moris L, Eerlings R, Vanderschueren D, Helsen C, Claessens F. N/C Interactions Are Dispensable for Normal In Vivo Functioning of the Androgen Receptor in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6652495. [PMID: 35908178 PMCID: PMC9756762 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in the development and maintenance of the male phenotype. The binding of androgens to the receptor induces interactions between the carboxyterminal ligand-binding domain and the highly conserved 23FQNLF27 motif in the aminoterminal domain. The role of these so-called N/C interactions in AR functioning is debated. In vitro assays show that mutating the AR in the 23FQNLF27 motif (called ARNoC) attenuates the AR transactivation of reporter genes, has no effect on ligand binding, but does affect protein-protein interactions with several AR coregulators. To test the in vivo relevance of the N/C interaction, we analyzed the consequences of the genomic introduction of the ARNoC mutation in mice. Surprisingly, the ARNoC/Y mice show a normal male development, with unaffected male anogenital distance and normal accessory sex glands, male circulating androgen levels, body composition, and fertility. The responsiveness of androgen target genes in kidney, prostate, and testes was also unaffected. We thus conclude that the N/C interactions in the AR are not essential for the development of a male phenotype under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El Kharraz
- Correspondence: Frank Claessens, PhD, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium. . Reprint requests can be sent to or
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Basic and Translational Endocrinology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Kaisa-Mari Launonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Laura Helminen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Elien Smeets
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Lisa Moris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Roy Eerlings
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Correspondence: Frank Claessens, PhD, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium. . Reprint requests can be sent to or
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21
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Daffern N, Radhakrishnan I. A Novel Mechanism of Coactivator Recruitment by the Nurr1 Nuclear Receptor. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167718. [PMID: 35810793 PMCID: PMC9922031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors constitute one of the largest families of transcription factors that regulate genes in metazoans in response to small molecule ligands. Many receptors harbor two transactivation domains, one at each end of the protein sequence. Whereas the molecular mechanisms of transactivation mediated by the ligand-binding domain at the C-terminus of the protein are generally well established, the mechanism involving the N-terminal domain called activation function 1 (AF1) has remained elusive. Previous studies implicated the AF1 domain as a significant contributor towards the overall transcriptional activity of the NR4A family of nuclear receptors and suggested that the steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) play an important role in this process. Here we show that a short segment within the AF1 domain of the NR4A receptor Nurr1 can directly engage with the SRC1 PAS-B domain. We also show that this segment forms a helix upon binding to a largely hydrophobic groove on PAS-B, overlapping with the surface engaged by the STAT6 transcription factor, suggesting that this mode of recruitment could be shared by diverse transcription factors including other nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishwar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States.
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22
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Kwack MH, Ben Hamida O, Kim MK, Kim JC, Sung YK. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, induces the activity of androgen receptor in human dermal papilla cells. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 35:299-304. [PMID: 35569447 PMCID: PMC9533464 DOI: 10.1159/000525067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs), which are stress-related neurohormones. GCs are secreted from hair follicles and promote hair follicle regression by inducing cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the androgen receptor (AR) is abundant in the balding scalp and androgens suppress hair growth by binding to androgen receptor (AR) in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). First, by using immunofluorescence, we investigated whether the treatment of dermal papilla (DP) cells with dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC, causes the translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) into the nucleus. DEX treatment causes the translocation of the GR into the nucleus. Next, we investigated whether stress-induced GCs affect the AR, a key factor in male pattern baldness. In this study, we first assessed that DEX increases the expression of AR mRNA in non-balding DP cells, which rarely express AR without androgen. RU486, a GR antagonist, attenuated DEX-inducible AR mRNA expression and AR activation in human non-balding DP cells. In addition, AR translocated into the nucleus after DEX treatment. Furthermore, we indeed showed that the expression of AR was induced in the nucleus by DEX in DP cells of human and mouse hair follicles.
Our results first suggest that stress-associated hair loss may be due to increased AR expression and activity induced by DEX. These results demonstrate that hair loss occurs in non-balding scalps with low AR expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Mi Hee Kwack,
| | - Ons Ben Hamida
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Hair Transplantation Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Chul Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Hair Transplantation Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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23
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Dahiya UR, Heemers HV. Analyzing the Androgen Receptor Interactome in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060936. [PMID: 35326387 PMCID: PMC8946651 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. AR’s transactivation activity is turned on by the binding of androgens, the male sex steroid hormones. AR is critical for the development and maintenance of the male phenotype but has been recognized to also play an important role in human diseases. Most notably, AR is a major driver of prostate cancer (CaP) progression, which remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American men. Androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) that interfere with interactions between AR and its activating androgen ligands have been the mainstay for treatment of metastatic CaP. Although ADTs are effective and induce remissions, eventually they fail, while the growth of the majority of ADT-resistant CaPs remains under AR’s control. Alternative approaches to inhibit AR activity and bypass resistance to ADT are being sought, such as preventing the interaction between AR and its cofactors and coregulators that is needed to execute AR-dependent transcription. For such strategies to be efficient, the 3D conformation of AR complexes needs to be well-understood and AR-regulator interaction sites resolved. Here, we review current insights into these 3D structures and the protein interaction sites in AR transcriptional complexes. We focus on methods and technological approaches used to identify AR interactors and discuss challenges and limitations that need to be overcome for efficient therapeutic AR complex disruption.
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24
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Zhao P, Fan S, Gao Y, Bi H. Nuclear receptor-mediated hepatomegaly and liver regeneration: an update. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:636-645. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Arao Y, Korach KS. The physiological role of estrogen receptor functional domains. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:867-875. [PMID: 34028522 PMCID: PMC8611119 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily whose members share conserved domain structures, including a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and ligand-binding domain (LBD). Estrogenic chemicals work as ligands for activation or repression of ER-mediated transcriptional activity derived from two transactivation domains: AF-1 and AF-2. AF-2 is localized in the LBD, and helix 12 of the LBD is essential for controlling AF-2 functionality. The positioning of helix 12 defines the ER alpha (ERα) ligand properties as agonists or antagonists. In contrast, it is still less well defined as to the ligand-dependent regulation of N-terminal AF-1 activity. It has been thought that the action of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) is mediated by the regulation of a tissue specific AF-1 activity rather than AF-2 activity. However, it is still unclear how SERMs regulate AF-1 activity in a tissue-selective manner. This review presents some recent observations toward information of ERα mediated SERM actions related to the ERα domain functionality, focusing on the following topics. (1) The F-domain, which is connected to helix 12, controls 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) mediated AF-1 activation associated with the receptor dimerization activity. (2) The zinc-finger property of the DBD for genomic sequence recognition. (3) The novel estrogen responsive genomic DNA element, which contains multiple long-spaced direct-repeats without a palindromic ERE sequence, is differentially recognized by 4OHT and E2 ligand bound ERα transactivation complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitomo Arao
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
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26
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Structural overview and perspectives of the nuclear receptors, a major family as the direct targets for small-molecule drugs. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:12-24. [PMID: 35130630 PMCID: PMC9909358 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors (NRs) are an evolutionarily related family of transcription factors, which share certain common structural characteristics and regulate the expressions of various genes by recognizing different response elements. NRs play important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis, rendering them indispensable in many physiological activities including growth and metabolism. As a result, dysfunctions of NRs are closely related to a variety of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, infertility, inflammation, the Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, prostate and breast cancers. Meanwhile, small-molecule drugs directly targeting NRs have been widely used in the treatment of above diseases. Here we summarize recent progress in the structural biology studies of NR family proteins. Compared with the dozens of structures of isolated DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and the striking more than a thousand of structures of isolated ligand-binding domains (LBDs) accumulated in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) over thirty years, by now there are only a small number of multi-domain NR complex structures, which reveal the integration of different NR domains capable of the allosteric signal transduction, or the detailed interactions between NR and various coregulator proteins. On the other hand, the structural information about several orphan NRs is still totally unavailable, hindering the further understanding of their functions. The fast development of new technologies in structural biology will certainly help us gain more comprehensive information of NR structures, inspiring the discovery of novel NR-targeting drugs with a new binding site beyond the classic LBD pockets and/or a new mechanism of action.
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27
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Dixit G, Prabhu A. The pleiotropic peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: Regulation and therapeutics. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 124:104723. [PMID: 34822814 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators of metabolic events in our body. Owing to their implication in maintenance of homeostasis, both PPAR agonists and antagonists assume therapeutic significance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of each of the PPAR isotypes in the healthy body and during disease is crucial to exploiting their full therapeutic potential. This article is an attempt to present a rational analysis of the multifaceted therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of isotype-specific PPAR agonists, dual PPAR agonists, pan PPAR agonists as well as PPAR antagonists. A holistic understanding of the mechanistic dimensions of these key metabolic regulators will guide future efforts to identify novel molecules in the realm of metabolic, inflammatory and immunotherapeutic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
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28
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Aarts JMMJG, Alink GM, Franssen HJ, Roebroeks W. Evolution of Hominin Detoxification: Neanderthal and Modern Human Ah Receptor Respond Similarly to TCDD. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1292-1305. [PMID: 33230523 PMCID: PMC8042735 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of hominin adaptations to fire use, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the evolution of detoxification has been highlighted, including statements that the modern human AHR confers a significantly better capacity to deal with toxic smoke components than the Neanderthal AHR. To evaluate this, we compared the AHR-controlled induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA in HeLa human cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma cells transfected with an Altai-Neanderthal or a modern human reference AHR expression construct, and exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We compared the complete AHR mRNA sequences including the untranslated regions (UTRs), maintaining the original codon usage. We observe no significant difference in CYP1A1 induction by TCDD between Neanderthal and modern human AHR, whereas a 150–1,000 times difference was previously reported in a study of the AHR coding region optimized for mammalian codon usage and expressed in rat cells. Our study exemplifies that expression in a homologous cellular background is of major importance to determine (ancient) protein activity. The Neanderthal and modern human dose–response curves almost coincide, except for a slightly higher extrapolated maximum for the Neanderthal AHR, possibly caused by a 5′-UTR G-variant known from modern humans (rs7796976). Our results are strongly at odds with a major role of the modern human AHR in the evolution of hominin detoxification of smoke components and consistent with our previous study based on 18 relevant genes in addition to AHR, which concluded that efficient detoxification alleles are more dominant in ancient hominins, chimpanzees, and gorillas than in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac M M J G Aarts
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit M Alink
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Franssen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wil Roebroeks
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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29
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Cronin R, Brooke GN, Prischi F. The role of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:3775-3785. [PMID: 33972681 PMCID: PMC8175238 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men, with over a million new cases every year worldwide. Tumor growth and disease progression is mainly dependent on the Androgen Receptor (AR), a ligand dependent transcription factor. Standard PCa therapeutic treatments include androgen-deprivation therapy and AR signaling inhibitors. Despite being successful in controlling the disease in the majority of men, the high frequency of disease progression to aggressive and therapy resistant stages (termed castrate resistant prostate cancer) has led to the search for new therapeutic targets. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1-4) family is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that holds promise as a novel target. RSKs are effector kinases that lay downstream of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and aberrant activation or expression of RSKs has been reported in several malignancies, including PCa. Despite their structural similarities, RSK isoforms have been shown to perform nonredundant functions and target a wide range of substrates involved in regulation of transcription and translation. In this article we review the roles of the RSKs in proliferation and motility, cell cycle control and therapy resistance in PCa, highlighting the possible interplay between RSKs and AR in mediating disease progression. In addition, we summarize the current advances in RSK inhibitor development and discuss their potential clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cronin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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30
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Velázquez-Vázquez DE, Del Moral-Morales A, Cruz-Burgos JM, Martínez-Martínez E, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Expression analysis of progesterone‑regulated miRNAs in cells derived from human glioblastoma. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:475. [PMID: 33899118 PMCID: PMC8097752 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most frequent and malignant type of brain tumor. It has been reported that progesterone (P4) regulates the progression of GBMs by modifying the expression of genes that promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion; however, it is not fully understood how these processes are regulated. It is possible that P4 mediates some of these effects through changes in the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in GBM cells. The present study investigated the effects of P4 on miRNAs expression profile in U-251MG cells derived from a human GBM. U-251MG cells were treated for 6 h with P4, RU486 (an antagonist of the intracellular progesterone receptor), the combined treatment (P4+RU486) and cyclodextrin (vehicle) and then a miRNA microarray analysis conducted. The expression analysis revealed a set of 190 miRNAs with differential expression in the treatments of P4, RU486 and P4+RU486 in respect to the vehicle and P4 in respect to P4+RU486, of which only 16 were exclusively regulated by P4. The possible mRNA targets of the miRNAs regulated by P4 could participate in the regulation of proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell migration of GBMs. The present study provided insight for understanding epigenetic modifications regulated by sex hormones involved in GBM progression, and for identifying potential therapeutic strategies for these brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Elisa Velázquez-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología‑Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Aylin Del Moral-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología‑Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cell Communication and Extracellular Vesicles, The National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología‑Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Perez Diaz N, Lione LA, Hutter V, Mackenzie LS. Co-Incubation with PPARβ/δ Agonists and Antagonists Modeled Using Computational Chemistry: Effect on LPS Induced Inflammatory Markers in Pulmonary Artery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063158. [PMID: 33808880 PMCID: PMC8003823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ) is a nuclear receptor ubiquitously expressed in cells, whose signaling controls inflammation. There are large discrepancies in understanding the complex role of PPARβ/δ in disease, having both anti- and pro-effects on inflammation. After ligand activation, PPARβ/δ regulates genes by two different mechanisms; induction and transrepression, the effects of which are difficult to differentiate directly. We studied the PPARβ/δ-regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation (indicated by release of nitrite and IL-6) of rat pulmonary artery, using different combinations of agonists (GW0742 or L-165402) and antagonists (GSK3787 or GSK0660). LPS induced release of NO and IL-6 is not significantly reduced by incubation with PPARβ/δ ligands (either agonist or antagonist), however, co-incubation with an agonist and antagonist significantly reduces LPS-induced nitrite production and Nos2 mRNA expression. In contrast, incubation with LPS and PPARβ/δ agonists leads to a significant increase in Pdk-4 and Angptl-4 mRNA expression, which is significantly decreased in the presence of PPARβ/δ antagonists. Docking using computational chemistry methods indicates that PPARβ/δ agonists form polar bonds with His287, His413 and Tyr437, while antagonists are more promiscuous about which amino acids they bind to, although they are very prone to bind Thr252 and Asn307. Dual binding in the PPARβ/δ binding pocket indicates the ligands retain similar binding energies, which suggests that co-incubation with both agonist and antagonist does not prevent the specific binding of each other to the large PPARβ/δ binding pocket. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the possibility of binding two ligands simultaneously into the PPARβ/δ binding pocket has been explored. Agonist binding followed by antagonist simultaneously switches the PPARβ/δ mode of action from induction to transrepression, which is linked with an increase in Nos2 mRNA expression and nitrite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Perez Diaz
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (N.P.D.); (L.A.L.); (V.H.)
| | - Lisa A. Lione
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (N.P.D.); (L.A.L.); (V.H.)
| | - Victoria Hutter
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (N.P.D.); (L.A.L.); (V.H.)
| | - Louise S. Mackenzie
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (N.P.D.); (L.A.L.); (V.H.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
- Correspondence:
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Teixeira MA, De Feudis M, Reano S, Raiteri T, Scircoli A, Zaggia I, Ruga S, Salvadori L, Prodam F, Marzullo P, Molinari C, Corà D, Filigheddu N. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) has a direct protective activity against interleukin 6-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4895-4910. [PMID: 33618332 PMCID: PMC7950266 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously determined that different vitamin D metabolites can have opposite effects on C2C12 myotubes, depending on the sites of hydroxylation or doses. Specifically, 25(OH)D3 (25VD) has an anti-atrophic activity, 1,25(OH)2D3 induces atrophy, and 24,25(OH)2D3 is anti-atrophic at low concentrations and atrophic at high concentrations. This study aimed to clarify whether cholecalciferol (VD3) too, the non-hydroxylated upstream metabolite, has a direct effect on muscle cells. Assessing the effects of VD3 treatment on mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes undergoing atrophy induced by interleukin 6 (IL6), we demonstrated that VD3 has a protective action, preserving C2C12 myotubes size, likely through promoting the differentiation and fusion of residual myoblasts and by modulating the IL6-induced autophagic flux. The lack, in C2C12 myotubes, of the hydroxylase transforming VD3 in the anti-atrophic 25VD metabolite suggests that VD3 may have a direct biological activity on the skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we found that the protective action of VD3 depended on VDR, implying that VD3 too might bind to and activate VDR. However, despite the formation of VDR-RXR heterodimers, VD3 effects do not depend on RXR activity. In conclusion, VD3, in addition to its best-known metabolites, may directly impact on skeletal muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maraiza Alves Teixeira
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia (IIM), Italy
| | - Marilisa De Feudis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Reano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Raiteri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Scircoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ivan Zaggia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Ruga
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Salvadori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia (IIM), Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia (IIM), Italy
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Tang J, Liu T, Wen X, Zhou Z, Yan J, Gao J, Zuo J. Estrogen-related receptors: novel potential regulators of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Mol Med 2021; 27:5. [PMID: 33446092 PMCID: PMC7809777 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with articular cartilage destruction, subchondral bone alterations, synovitis, and even joint deformity and the loss of joint function. Although current basic research on the pathogenesis of OA has made remarkable progress, our understanding of this disease still needs to be further improved. Recent studies have shown that the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family members ERRα and ERRγ may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of OA. In this review, we refer to the latest research on ERRs and the pathogenesis of OA, elucidate the structure and physiopathological functions of the ERR orphan nuclear receptor family, and systematically examine the relationship between ERRs and OA at the molecular level. Moreover, we also discuss and predict the capacity of ERRs as potential targets in the clinical treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuo Tang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xinggui Wen
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jingtong Yan
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jianlin Zuo
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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Bionaz M, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Busato S. Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 33292523 PMCID: PMC7667790 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5-6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Nuclear Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091921. [PMID: 32824945 PMCID: PMC7563802 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily has been studied extensively in many solid tumors and some receptors have been targeted to develop therapies. However, their roles in leukemia are less clear and vary considerably among different types of leukemia. Some NRs participate in mediating the differentiation of myeloid cells, making them attractive therapeutic targets for myeloid leukemia. To date, the success of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains a classical and unsurpassable example of cancer differentiation therapy. ATRA targets retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and forces differentiation and/or apoptosis of leukemic cells. In addition, ligands/agonists of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) have also been shown to inhibit proliferation, induce differentiation, and promote apoptosis of leukemic cells. Encouragingly, combining different NR agonists or the addition of NR agonists to chemotherapies have shown some synergistic anti-leukemic effects. This review will summarize recent research findings and discuss the therapeutic potential of selected NRs in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, focusing on RAR, VDR, PPAR, and retinoid X receptor (RXR). We believe that more mechanistic studies in this field will not only shed new lights on the roles of NRs in leukemia, but also further expand the clinical applications of existing therapeutic agents targeting NRs.
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36
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The PPAR Ω Pocket: Renewed Opportunities for Drug Development. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:9657380. [PMID: 32695150 PMCID: PMC7351019 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9657380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade of PPARγ research has dramatically improved our understanding of the structural and mechanistic bases for the diverging physiological effects of different classes of PPARγ ligands. The discoveries that lie at the heart of these developments have enabled the design of a new class of PPARγ ligands, capable of isolating central therapeutic effects of PPARγ modulation, while displaying markedly lower toxicities than previous generations of PPARγ ligands. This review examines the emerging framework around the design of these ligands and seeks to unite its principles with the development of new classes of ligands for PPARα and PPARβ/δ. The focus is on the relationships between the binding modes of ligands, their influence on PPAR posttranslational modifications, and gene expression patterns. Specifically, we encourage the design and study of ligands that primarily bind to the Ω pockets of PPARα and PPARβ/δ. In support of this development, we highlight already reported ligands that if studied in the context of this new framework may further our understanding of the gene programs regulated by PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Moreover, recently developed pharmacological tools that can be utilized in the search for ligands with new binding modes are also presented.
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38
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Molecular shape as a key source of prebiotic information. J Theor Biol 2020; 499:110316. [PMID: 32387366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the most striking features of a living system is the self-sustaining functional inner organization, which is only possible when a source of internal references is available from which the system is able to self-organize components and processes. Internal references are intrinsically related to biological information, which is typically understood as genetic information. However, the organization in living systems supports a diversity of intricate processes that enable life to endure, adapt and reproduce because of this organization. In a biological context, information refers to a complex relationship between internal architecture and system functionality. Nongenetic processes, such as conformational recognition, are not considered biological information, although they exert important control over cell processes. In this contribution, we discuss the informational nature in the recognition of molecular shape in living systems. Thus, we highlight supramolecular matching as having a theoretical key role in the origin of life. Based on recent data, we demonstrate that the transfer of molecular conformation is a very likely dynamic of prebiotic information, which is closely related to the origin of biological homochirality and biogenic systems. In light of the current hypothesis, we also revisit the central dogma of molecular biology to assess the consistency of the proposal presented here. We conclude that both spatial (molecular shape) and sequential (genetic) information must be represented in this biological paradigm.
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Habib H, Haider MR, Sharma S, Ahmad S, Dabeer S, Yar MS, Raisuddin S. Molecular interactions of vinclozolin metabolites with human estrogen receptors 1GWR-α and 1QKM and androgen receptor 2AM9-β: Implication for endocrine disruption. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:370-377. [PMID: 32208804 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1747123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a widely used antifungal agent with capability to enter into the human food chain. VCZ metabolizes into seven metabolites M1-M7. Several studies have shown its effects on reprotoxicity. However, there is limited information available on the interaction of VCZ metabolites with nuclear receptors. In silico studies aimed at identifying interaction of endocrine disruptor with nuclear receptors serve a prescreening framework in risk assessment.Methods: We studied interactive potential of VCZ and its metabolites with human estrogen (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) using molecular docking method. Binding potential of VCZ and its metabolites with estrogen receptors 1GWR-α, 1QKM and androgen receptor 2AM9-β was checked by using Schrodinger Maestro 10.5. Estradiol (E2), a natural ligand of ER and AR was taken as a reference.Results: VCZ and its metabolites showed higher or similar binding efficiency on interaction with target proteins when compared with E2. VCZ and its metabolites also exhibited agonistic effect against 1GWR-α, 1QKM and 2AM9-β with strong binding potential to them.Conclusion: Some VCZ metabolites such as M4 and M5 showed higher binding potencies with 1GWR-α, 1QKM and 2AM9-β than E2. Toxicity data of VCZ is well endowed. However, endocrine disrupting potential of VCZ via nuclear receptor mediated pathway is less understood. This in silico study revealing that not only VCZ but its metabolites have potential to interact with 1GWR-α, 1QKM and 2AM9-β offers a platform for further exploration of VCZ in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Habib
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sadaf Dabeer
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Nie H, Deng Y, Zheng C, Pan M, Xie J, Zhang Y, Yang Q. A network pharmacology-based approach to explore the effects of Chaihu Shugan powder on a non-alcoholic fatty liver rat model through nuclear receptors. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5168-5184. [PMID: 32189432 PMCID: PMC7205817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still not fully understood, and currently, no effective pharmacotherapy is available. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are important biological participants in NAFLD that exhibit great therapeutic potential. Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has a wide therapeutic spectrum including NAFLD, but the effective components and functional mechanisms of CSP are unclear. We adopted a network pharmacology approach using multiple databases for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the molecular complex detection (MCODE) method for a protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and we used molecular docking method to screen the NR targets and determine the corresponding CSP components. The screening results were validated through a NAFLD rat model that was used to explain the possible relationship between CSP and NAFLD. Finally, we screened PPARγ, FXR, PPARα, RARα and PPARδ as target genes and quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, isorhamnetin and nobiletin as target compounds. The five components were detected through high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), the results of which aligned with the docking experiments of PPARγ, PPARα and PPARδ. After CSP intervention, the NAFLD rat model showed ameliorated effects in terms of bodyweight, hepatic histopathology, and serum and liver lipids, and the mRNA levels of PPARγ, FXR, PPARα and RARα were significantly changed. The results from this study indicate that CSP exhibits healing effects in an NAFLD model and that the network pharmacology approach to screening NR targets and determining the corresponding CSP components is a practical strategy for explaining the mechanism by which CSP ameliorates NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Nie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjun Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuiyang Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maoxing Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiqian Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinhe Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun MMG, Beier F. Liver X Receptor activation regulates genes involved in lipid homeostasis in developing chondrocytes. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Shao W, Kuhn C, Mayr D, Ditsch N, Kailuwait M, Wolf V, Harbeck N, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Cavaillès V, Sixou S. Cytoplasmic PPARγ is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with Cox-1 negative primary breast cancers. J Transl Med 2020; 18:94. [PMID: 32085795 PMCID: PMC7035771 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the nuclear receptor PPARγ, together with that of the cyclooxygenases Cox-1 and Cox-2, in breast cancer (BC) tissues and to correlate the data with several clinicobiological parameters including patient survival. Methods In a well characterized cohort of 308 primary BC, PPARγ, Cox-1 and Cox-2 cytoplasmic and nuclear expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlations with clinicopathological and aggressiveness features were analyzed, as well as survival using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results PPARγ was expressed in almost 58% of the samples with a predominant cytoplasmic location. Cox-1 and Cox-2 were exclusively cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic PPARγ was inversely correlated with nuclear PPARγ and ER expression, but positively with Cox-1, Cox-2, and other high-risk markers of BC, e.g. HER2, CD133, and N-cadherin. Overall survival analysis demonstrated that cytoplasmic PPARγ had a strong correlation with poor survival in the whole cohort, and even stronger in the subgroup of patients with no Cox-1 expression where cytoplasmic PPARγ expression appeared as an independent marker of poor prognosis. In support of this cross-talk between PPARγ and Cox-1, we found that Cox-1 became a marker of good prognosis only when cytoplasmic PPARγ was expressed at high levels. Conclusion Altogether, these data suggest that the relative expression of cytoplasmic PPARγ and Cox-1 may play an important role in oncogenesis and could be defined as a potential prognosis marker to identify specific high risk BC subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Shao
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Kailuwait
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Wolf
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Vincent Cavaillès
- IRCM-Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Parc Euromédecine, 208 rue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sophie Sixou
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France.,Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31037, Toulouse, France
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43
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Pooley JR, Rivers CA, Kilcooley MT, Paul SN, Cavga AD, Kershaw YM, Muratcioglu S, Gursoy A, Keskin O, Lightman SL. Beyond the heterodimer model for mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor interactions in nuclei and at DNA. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227520. [PMID: 31923266 PMCID: PMC6953809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) are believed to classically bind DNA as homodimers or MR-GR heterodimers to influence gene regulation in response to pulsatile basal or stress-evoked glucocorticoid secretion. Pulsed corticosterone presentation reveals MR and GR co-occupy DNA only at the peaks of glucocorticoid oscillations, allowing interaction. GR DNA occupancy was pulsatile, while MR DNA occupancy was prolonged through the inter-pulse interval. In mouse mammary 3617 cells MR-GR interacted in the nucleus and at a chromatin-associated DNA binding site. Interactions occurred irrespective of ligand type and receptors formed complexes of higher order than heterodimers. We also detected MR-GR interactions ex-vivo in rat hippocampus. An expanded range of MR-GR interactions predicts structural allostery allowing a variety of transcriptional outcomes and is applicable to the multiple tissue types that co-express both receptors in the same cells whether activated by the same or different hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Pooley
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Caroline A. Rivers
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T. Kilcooley
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Susana N. Paul
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse Derya Cavga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yvonne M. Kershaw
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Muratcioglu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stafford L. Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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44
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Senapati D, Kumari S, Heemers HV. Androgen receptor co-regulation in prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2019; 7:219-232. [PMID: 32742924 PMCID: PMC7385509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) progression relies on androgen receptor (AR) action. Preventing AR's ligand-activation is the frontline treatment for metastatic PCa. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that inhibits AR ligand-binding initially induces remission but eventually fails, mainly because of adaptive PCa responses that restore AR action. The vast majority of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) continues to rely on AR activity. Novel therapeutic strategies are being explored that involve targeting other critical AR domains such as those that mediate its constitutively active transactivation function, its DNA binding ability, or its interaction with co-operating transcriptional regulators. Considerable molecular and clinical variability has been found in AR's interaction with its ligands, DNA binding motifs, and its associated coregulators and transcription factors. Here, we review evidence that each of these levels of AR regulation can individually and differentially impact transcription by AR. In addition, we examine emerging insights suggesting that each can also impact the other, and that all three may collaborate to induce gene-specific AR target gene expression, likely via AR allosteric effects. For the purpose of this review, we refer to the modulating influence of these differential and/or interdependent contributions of ligands, cognate DNA-binding motifs and critical regulatory protein interactions on AR's transcriptional output, which may influence the efficiency of the novel PCa therapeutic approaches under consideration, as co-regulation of AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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45
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Louw A. GR Dimerization and the Impact of GR Dimerization on GR Protein Stability and Half-Life. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1693. [PMID: 31379877 PMCID: PMC6653659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologically, glucocorticoids, which mediate their effects via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are a most effective therapy for inflammatory diseases despite the fact that chronic use causes side-effects and acquired GC resistance. The design of drugs with fewer side-effects and less potential for the development of resistance is therefore considered crucial for improved therapy. Dimerization of the GR is an integral step in glucocorticoid signaling and has been identified as a possible molecular site to target for drug development of anti-inflammatory drugs with an improved therapeutic index. Most of the current understanding regarding the role of GR dimerization in GC signaling derives for dimerization deficient mutants, although the role of ligands biased toward monomerization has also been described. Even though designing for loss of dimerization has mostly been applied for reduction of side-effect profile, designing for loss of dimerization may also be a fruitful strategy for the development of GC drugs with less potential to develop GC resistance. GC-induced resistance affects up to 30% of users and is due to a reduction in the GR functional pool. Several molecular mechanisms of GC-mediated reductions in GR pool have been described, one of which is the autologous down-regulation of GR density by the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS). Loss of GR dimerization prevents autologous down-regulation of the receptor through modulation of interactions with components of the UPS and post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, which prime the GR for degradation. Rational design of conformationally biased ligands that select for a monomeric GR conformation, which increases GC sensitivity through improving GR protein stability and increasing half-life, may be a productive avenue to explore. However, potential drawbacks to this approach should be considered as well as the advantages and disadvantages in chronic vs. acute treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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46
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Krężel W, Rühl R, de Lera AR. Alternative retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 491:110436. [PMID: 31026478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) control a wide variety of functions by virtue of their dimerization with other nuclear hormone receptors (NRs), contributing thereby to activities of different signaling pathways. We review known RXR ligands as transcriptional modulators of specific RXR-dimers and the associated biological processes. We also discuss the physiological relevance of such ligands, which remains frequently a matter of debate and which at present is best met by member(s) of a novel family of retinoids, postulated as Vitamin A5. Through comparison with other natural, but also with synthetic ligands, we discuss high diversity in the modes of ligand binding to RXRs resulting in agonistic or antagonistic profiles and selectivity towards specific subtypes of permissive heterodimers. Despite such diversity, direct ligand binding to the ligand binding pocket resulting in agonistic activity was preferentially preserved in the course of animal evolution pointing to its functional relevance, and potential for existence of other, species-specific endogenous RXR ligands sharing the same mode of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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47
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Meijer FA, Leijten-van de Gevel IA, de Vries RMJM, Brunsveld L. Allosteric small molecule modulators of nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 485:20-34. [PMID: 30703487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptors (NRs) are multi-domain proteins, whose natural regulation occurs via ligands for a classical, orthosteric, binding pocket and via intra- and inter-domain allosteric mechanisms. Allosteric modulation of NRs via synthetic small molecules has recently emerged as an interesting entry to address the need for small molecules targeting NRs in pathology, via novel modes of action and with beneficial profiles. In this review the general concept of allosteric modulation in drug discovery is first discussed, serving as a background and inspiration for NRs. Subsequently, the review focuses on examples of small molecules that allosterically modulate NRs, with a strong focus on structural information and the ligand binding domain. Recently discovered nanomolar potent allosteric site NR modulators are catapulting allosteric targeting of NRs to the center of attention. The obtained insights serve as a basis for recommendations for the next steps to take in allosteric small molecular targeting of NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Iris A Leijten-van de Gevel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rens M J M de Vries
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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48
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Allostery in Its Many Disguises: From Theory to Applications. Structure 2019; 27:566-578. [PMID: 30744993 PMCID: PMC6688844 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric regulation plays an important role in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and metabolism. Allostery is rooted in the fundamental physical properties of macromolecular systems, but its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. A collection of contributions to a recent interdisciplinary CECAM (Center Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire) workshop is used here to provide an overview of the progress and remaining limitations in the understanding of the mechanistic foundations of allostery gained from computational and experimental analyses of real protein systems and model systems. The main conceptual frameworks instrumental in driving the field are discussed. We illustrate the role of these frameworks in illuminating molecular mechanisms and explaining cellular processes, and describe some of their promising practical applications in engineering molecular sensors and informing drug design efforts.
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49
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Wang T, Zhang J, Hu M, Zhang Y, Cui P, Li X, Li J, Vestin E, Brännström M, Shao LR, Billig H. Differential Expression Patterns of Glycolytic Enzymes and Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in PCOS Patients with Endometrial Hyperplasia, an Early Hallmark of Endometrial Cancer, In Vivo and the Impact of Metformin In Vitro. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:714-725. [PMID: 30745857 PMCID: PMC6367580 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.31425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-induced endometrial dysfunction are not fully understood, and although accumulating evidence shows that the use of metformin has beneficial effects in PCOS patients, the precise regulatory mechanisms of metformin on endometrial function under PCOS conditions have only been partially explored. To address these clinical challenges, this study aimed to assess the protein expression patterns of glycolytic enzymes, estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor (AR) along with differences in mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in PCOS patients with and without endometrial hyperplasia in vivo and to investigate the effects of metformin in PCOS patients with endometrial hyperplasia in vitro. Here, we showed that compared to non-PCOS patients and PCOS patients without hyperplasia, the endometria from PCOS patients with hyperplasia had a distinct protein expression pattern of glycolytic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 isoform (PKM2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). In PCOS patients with endometrial hyperplasia, increased glandular epithelial cell secretion and infiltrated stromal cells in the glands were associated with decreased PDH immunoreactivity in the epithelial cells. Using endometrial tissues from PCOS patients with hyperplasia, we found that in response to metformin treatment in vitro, hexokinase 2 (HK2) expression was decreased, whereas phosphofructokinase (PFK), PKM2, and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression was increased compared to controls. Although there was no change in PDH expression, metformin treatment increased the expression of TFAM and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, our in vivo study showed that while endometrial ERβ expression was no different between non-PCOS and PCOS patients regardless of whether or not hyperplasia was present, ERα and AR protein expression was gradually increased in women with PCOS following the onset of endometrial hyperplasia. Our in vitro study showed that treatment with metformin inhibited ERα expression without affecting ERβ expression. Our findings suggest that decreased glycolysis and increased mitochondrial activity might contribute to the onset of ERα-dependent endometrial hyperplasia and that metformin might directly reverse impaired glycolysis and normalize mitochondrial function in PCOS patients with endometrial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China.,Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 200011 Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Edvin Vestin
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linus R Shao
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Billig
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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50
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Guo S, Lu H. Novel mechanisms of regulation of the expression and transcriptional activity of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:519-532. [PMID: 30191603 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a master regulator of development and function of digestive tissues. The HNF4A gene uses two separate promoters P1 and P2, with P1 products predominant in adult liver, whereas P2 products prevalent in fetal liver, pancreas, and liver/colon cancer. To date, the mechanisms for the regulation of HNF4A and the dynamic switch of P1-HNF4α and P2-HNF4α during ontogenesis and carcinogenesis are still obscure. Our study validated the previously reported self-stimulation of P1-HNF4α but invalidated the reported synergism between HNF4α and HNF1α. HNF4A-AS1, a long noncoding RNA, is localized between the P2 and P1 promoters of HNF4A. We identified critical roles of P1-HNF4α in regulating the expression of HNF4A-AS1 and its mouse ortholog Hnf4a-os. Paired box 6 (PAX6), a master regulator of pancreas development overexpressed in colon cancer, cooperated with HNF1α to induce P2-HNF4α but antagonized HNF4α in HNF4A-AS1 expression. Thus, PAX6 may be important in determining ontogenic and carcinogenic changes of P2-HNF4α and HNF4A-AS1 in the pancreas and intestine. We also interrogated transactivation activities on multiple gene targets by multiple known and novel HNF4α mutants identified in patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1) and liver cancer. Particularly, HNF4α-D78A and HNF4α-G79S, two mutants found in liver cancer with mutations in DNA-binding domain, displayed highly gene-specific transactivation activities. Interestingly, HNF4α-Q277X, a MODY1 truncation mutant, antagonized the transactivation activities of HNF1α and farnesoid X receptor, key regulators of insulin secretion. Taken together, our study provides novel mechanistic insights regarding the transcriptional regulation and transactivation activity of HNF4α in digestive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangdong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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