1
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Zhang C, Du S, Ma Q, Zhang L. Cytosolic distribution of copper in the gills of field-collected oysters with different copper bioaccumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165631. [PMID: 37467977 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Oysters can hyper-accumulate copper (Cu) without apparent toxicity, but the mechanism of sequestering excessive cytosolic Cu in oysters remains unclear. We here investigated the Cu distribution in the cytosolic proteins (CPs) in the gills of oysters (Crassostrea hongkongensis) through size-exclusion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Oysters collected from the southern coast of China contained a gradient of gill Cu concentrations ranging from 132 to 3540 μg g-1 (dry weight), with 7-41 % of Cu distributed in the CPs fraction. The CPs-Cu concentrations were 8.6 times higher in oysters with high Cu concentrations compared to low concentrations. In the CPs, Cu was dispersed with a broad range of molecular weight, suggesting the involvement of various cytosolic proteins in Cu binding. Among the 10 major Cu peaks, peaks 2 (>600 kDa) and peak 8 (18 kDa) contained substantial Cu and showed obvious differences in response to the variation of CPs-Cu levels. Peak 8 contained metallothionein-like proteins that decreased their role in Cu binding as CPs-Cu concentrations increased. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that peak 2 contained macromolecular protein complexes (MPCs), which played a critical role in binding excess Cu. The comparison with other bivalve species further suggested that sequestering excess CPs-Cu in MPCs was a special strategy employed by oysters in response to high Cu accumulation. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of hyper-accumulation and sequestration of Cu in oysters and helps to better understand Cu biomonitoring by oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canchuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sen Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qunhuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572025, China.
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2
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Citterio CE, Kim K, Rajesh B, Pena K, Clarke OB, Arvan P. Structural features of thyroglobulin linked to protein trafficking. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4784. [PMID: 37717261 PMCID: PMC10578121 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin must pass endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control to become secreted for thyroid hormone synthesis. Defective thyroglobulin, blocked in trafficking, can cause hypothyroidism. Thyroglobulin is a large protein (~2750 residues) spanning regions I-II-III plus a C-terminal cholinesterase-like domain. The cholinesterase-like domain functions as an intramolecular chaperone for regions I-II-III, but the folding pathway leading to successful thyroglobulin trafficking remains largely unknown. Here, informed by the recent three-dimensional structure of thyroglobulin as determined by cryo-electron microscopy, we have bioengineered three novel classes of mutants yielding three entirely distinct quality control phenotypes. Specifically, upon expressing recombinant thyroglobulin, we find that first, mutations eliminating a disulfide bond enclosing a 200-amino acid loop in region I have surprisingly little impact on the ability of thyroglobulin to fold to a secretion-competent state. Next, we have identified a mutation on the surface of the cholinesterase-like domain that has no discernible effect on regional folding yet affects contact between distinct regions and thereby triggers impairment in the trafficking of full-length thyroglobulin. Finally, we have probed a conserved disulfide in the cholinesterase-like domain that interferes dramatically with local folding, and this defect then impacts on global folding, blocking the entire thyroglobulin in the ER. These data highlight variants with distinct effects on ER quality control, inhibiting domain-specific folding; folding via regional contact; neither; or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia E. Citterio
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kookjoo Kim
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsIrving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bhavana Rajesh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kevin Pena
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Oliver Biggs Clarke
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsIrving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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3
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Siffo S, Gomes Pio M, Martínez EB, Lachlan K, Walker J, Weill J, González-Sarmiento R, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. The p.Pro2232Leu variant in the ChEL domain of thyroglobulin gene causes intracellular transport disorder and congenital hypothyroidism. Endocrine 2023; 80:47-53. [PMID: 36547798 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG), the predominant glycoprotein of the thyroid gland, functions as matrix protein in thyroid hormonegenesis. TG deficiency results in thyroid dyshormonogenesis. These variants produce a heterogeneous spectrum of congenital goitre, with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The purpose of this study was to identify and functionally characterize new variants in the TG gene in order to increase the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for thyroid dyshormonogenesis. A total of four patients from two non-consanguineous families with marked alteration of TG synthesis were studied. The two families were previously analysed in our laboratory, only one deleterious allele, in each one, was detected after sequencing the TG gene (c.2359 C > T [p.Arg787*], c.5560 G > T [p.Glu1854*]). These findings were confirmed in the present studies by Next-Generation Sequencing. The single nucleotide coding variants of the TG gene were then analyzed to predict the possible variant causing the disease. The p.Pro2232Leu (c.6695 C > T), identified in both families, showing a low frequency population in gnomAD v2.1.1 database and protein homology, amino acid prediction, and 3D modeling analysis predict a potential pathogenic effect of this variant. We also transiently express p.Pro2232Leu in a full-length rat TG cDNA clone and confirmed that this point variant was sufficient to cause intracellular retention of mutant TG in HEK293T cells. Consequently, each family carried a compound heterozygous for p.Arg787*/p.Pro2232Leu or p.Glu1854*/p.Pro2232Leu variants. In conclusion, our results confirm the pathophysiological importance of altered TG folding as a consequence of missense variants located in the ChEL domain of TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Bueno Martínez
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL. Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Katherine Lachlan
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, SO16 5YA, Southampton, UK
| | - Joanna Walker
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, PO6 3LY, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jacques Weill
- Clinique de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL. Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Costagliola S, Singh SP. Emerging technologies in thyroid biology: Pushing the frontiers of thyroid research. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 566-567:111912. [PMID: 36894128 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Costagliola
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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5
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Lee HJ, Stefan-Lifshitz M, Li CW, Tomer Y. Genetics and epigenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: Translational implications. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101661. [PMID: 35459628 PMCID: PMC9550878 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are prevalent autoimmune disorders, representing opposite ends of the clinical spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay between environment and genes. Specific susceptibility genes have been discovered that predispose to AITD, including thyroid-specific and immune-regulatory genes. Growing evidence has revealed that genetic and epigenetic variants can alter autoantigen presentation during the development of immune tolerance, can enhance self-peptide binding to MHC (major histocompatibility complex), and can amplify stimulation of T- and B-cells. These gene-driven mechanistic discoveries lay the groundwork for novel treatment targets. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of key AITD susceptibility genes (Tg1, TSHR, HLA-DR3, and CD40) and their translational therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Lee
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mihaela Stefan-Lifshitz
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Cheuk Wun Li
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Zhang X, Young C, Morishita Y, Kim K, Kabil OO, Clarke OB, Di Jeso B, Arvan P. Defective Thyroglobulin: Cell Biology of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13605. [PMID: 36362390 PMCID: PMC9657758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary functional units of the thyroid gland are follicles of various sizes comprised of a monolayer of epithelial cells (thyrocytes) surrounding an apical extracellular cavity known as the follicle lumen. In the normal thyroid gland, the follicle lumen is filled with secreted protein (referred to as colloid), comprised nearly exclusively of thyroglobulin with a half-life ranging from days to weeks. At the cellular boundary of the follicle lumen, secreted thyroglobulin becomes iodinated, resulting from the coordinated activities of enzymes localized to the thyrocyte apical plasma membrane. Thyroglobulin appearance in evolution is essentially synchronous with the appearance of the follicular architecture of the vertebrate thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin is the most highly expressed thyroid gene and represents the most abundantly expressed thyroid protein. Wildtype thyroglobulin protein is a large and complex glycoprotein that folds in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to homodimerization and export via the classical secretory pathway to the follicle lumen. However, of the hundreds of human thyroglobulin genetic variants, most exhibit increased susceptibility to misfolding with defective export from the endoplasmic reticulum, triggering hypothyroidism as well as thyroidal endoplasmic reticulum stress. The human disease of hypothyroidism with defective thyroglobulin (either homozygous, or compound heterozygous) can be experimentally modeled in thyrocyte cell culture, or in whole animals, such as mice that are readily amenable to genetic manipulation. From a combination of approaches, it can be demonstrated that in the setting of thyroglobulin misfolding, thyrocytes under chronic continuous ER stress exhibit increased susceptibility to cell death, with interesting cell biological and pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Crystal Young
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kookjoo Kim
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Omer O. Kabil
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Oliver B. Clarke
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bruno Di Jeso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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7
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Bernal Barquero CE, Geysels RC, Jacques V, Carro GH, Martín M, Peyret V, Abregú MC, Papendieck P, Masini-Repiso AM, Savagner F, Chiesa AE, Citterio CE, Nicola JP. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Congenital Hypothyroidism-Causative Genes Reveals Unexpected Thyroglobulin Gene Variants in Patients with Iodide Transport Defect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169251. [PMID: 36012511 PMCID: PMC9409291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital iodide transport defect is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-coding SLC5A5 gene and leading to dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism. Here, we conducted a targeted next-generation sequencing assessment of congenital hypothyroidism-causative genes in a cohort of nine unrelated pediatric patients suspected of having a congenital iodide transport defect based on the absence of 99mTc-pertechnetate accumulation in a eutopic thyroid gland. Although, unexpectedly, we could not detect pathogenic SLC5A5 gene variants, we identified two novel compound heterozygous TG gene variants (p.Q29* and c.177-2A>C), three novel heterozygous TG gene variants (p.F1542Vfs*20, p.Y2563C, and p.S523P), and a novel heterozygous DUOX2 gene variant (p.E1496Dfs*51). Splicing minigene reporter-based in vitro assays revealed that the variant c.177-2A>C affected normal TG pre-mRNA splicing, leading to the frameshift variant p.T59Sfs*17. The frameshift TG variants p.T59Sfs*17 and p.F1542Vfs*20, but not the DUOX2 variant p.E1496Dfs*51, were predicted to undergo nonsense-mediated decay. Moreover, functional in vitro expression assays revealed that the variant p.Y2563C reduced the secretion of the TG protein. Our investigation revealed unexpected findings regarding the genetics of congenital iodide transport defects, supporting the existence of yet to be discovered mechanisms involved in thyroid hormonogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Bernal Barquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Romina Celeste Geysels
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Virginie Jacques
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Gerardo Hernán Carro
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Mariano Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Victoria Peyret
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Abregú
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Patricia Papendieck
- División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires 1006, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas Dr. César Bergadá, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEDIE-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1120, Argentina
| | - Ana María Masini-Repiso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Frédérique Savagner
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1297, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Elena Chiesa
- División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires 1006, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas Dr. César Bergadá, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEDIE-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1120, Argentina
| | - Cintia E. Citterio
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIGEM-CONIET), Buenos Aires 1120, Argentina
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Cordoba 5000, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-0351-535-3850 (ext. 55423)
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Tosatto L, Coscia F. A glance at post-translational modifications of human thyroglobulin: potential impact on function and pathogenesis. Eur Thyroid J 2022; 11:e220046. [PMID: 35544053 PMCID: PMC9254275 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for the metabolism of vertebrates and their synthesis, storage and release in the thyroid gland are orchestrated by their large protein precursor thyroglobulin (Tg). Alterations of Tg structure and localisation often correlate with major thyroid disorders. Namely, Tg is the main antigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases, and mutations in its gene are one of the causes of congenital hypothyroidism. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial for Tg surface properties and may be affected by the disease microenvironment; yet, their role in thyroid homeostasis and pathogenesis remains elusive. The advance of electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently enabled the structure of Tg to be revealed in the un-iodinated and iodinated states. Moreover, ad hoc proteomic analyses have lately identified new PTMs in Tg. Here, we provide an overview of the Tg cryo-EM models obtained so far, and we build a three-dimensional map of known PTMs in Tg. Based on their location, we suggest the potential implication of each PTM in hormonogenesis, interactions with cellular partners, colloid cross-linking and hormone release. In addition, several PTMs overlap with immunogenic regions and pathogenic gene mutations. Hence, our analysis reveals a possible cross-talk between PTMs and alteration of Tg function in these disorders. In perspective, multi-omics analyses from patients, interpreted with structural and functional data, may generate more robust models to correlate phenotypes with classes of Tg functional alterations. This integrative approach will likely provide more targeted strategies to restore specific Tg functions in different thyroid pathologies.
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Adaixo R, Steiner EM, Righetto RD, Schmidt A, Stahlberg H, Taylor NMI. Cryo-EM structure of native human thyroglobulin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:61. [PMID: 35013249 PMCID: PMC8748809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroglobulin (TG) protein is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis, plays a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, development and growth and serves as intraglandular iodine storage. Its architecture is conserved among vertebrates. Synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones depends on the conformation, iodination and post-translational modification of TG. Although structural information is available on recombinant and deglycosylated endogenous human thyroglobulin (hTG) from patients with goiters, the structure of native, fully glycosylated hTG remained unknown. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of native and fully glycosylated hTG from healthy thyroid glands to 3.2 Å resolution. The structure provides detailed information on hormonogenic and glycosylation sites. We employ liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to validate these findings as well as other post-translational modifications and proteolytic cleavage sites. Our results offer insights into thyroid hormonogenesis of native hTG and provide a fundamental understanding of clinically relevant mutations. The iodinated thyroglobulin functions as iodine storage and carrier protein and a precursor for thyroid hormone (TH) biogenesis. Here, the authors report the structure of native, fully glycosylated human thyroglobulin, revealing the location of the hTg hormonogenic and glycosylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Adaixo
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva M Steiner
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricardo D Righetto
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 72, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,Lab. of Biol. Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, SB, EPFL, and Department of Fund. Microbiol., Faculty of Biology and Medicine, UNIL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicholas M I Taylor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Jing L, Zhang Q. Intrathyroidal feedforward and feedback network regulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:992883. [PMID: 36187113 PMCID: PMC9519864 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.992883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs), including T4 and T3, are produced and released by the thyroid gland under the stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The homeostasis of THs is regulated via the coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, plasma binding proteins, and local metabolism in tissues. TH synthesis and secretion in the thyrocytes-containing thyroid follicles are exquisitely regulated by an elaborate molecular network comprising enzymes, transporters, signal transduction machineries, and transcription factors. In this article, we synthesized the relevant literature, organized and dissected the complex intrathyroidal regulatory network into structures amenable to functional interpretation and systems-level modeling. Multiple intertwined feedforward and feedback motifs were identified and described, centering around the transcriptional and posttranslational regulations involved in TH synthesis and secretion, including those underpinning the Wolff-Chaikoff and Plummer effects and thyroglobulin-mediated feedback regulation. A more thorough characterization of the intrathyroidal network from a systems biology perspective, including its topology, constituent network motifs, and nonlinear quantitative properties, can help us to better understand and predict the thyroidal dynamics in response to physiological signals, therapeutic interventions, and environmental disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Jing, ; Qiang Zhang,
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Li Jing, ; Qiang Zhang,
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Wang S, Wang S, Wang C, Feng D, Feng X. Exposure to melamine cyanuric acid in adult mice induced thyroid dysfunction and circadian rhythm disorder. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112992. [PMID: 34808512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MCA is a halogen-free flame retardant. It can cause damage to other tissues such as the kidneys and liver. However, the effects on the circadian rhythm and thyroid in adult mice have not been studied. In this article, adult male mice received MCA at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg. The results showed that the time spending on wheel-running and rest bouts changed in different period after MCA exposure. MCA disrupted the T3 and T4 hormone homeostasis and decreased the expression of thyroid hormone synthesis genes. The histological morphology of the thyroid gland was damaged. It was suggested that MCA exposure caused circadian rhythm disorder and thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Songdi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daofu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xizeng Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Opazo MC, Rivera JC, Gonzalez PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Thyroid Gene Mutations in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Diagnosed With Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism: Implications for the Offspring's Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:679002. [PMID: 34721286 PMCID: PMC8551387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.679002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetus and infants require appropriate thyroid hormone levels and iodine during pregnancy and lactation. Nature endorses the mother to supply thyroid hormones to the fetus and iodine to the lactating infant. Genetic variations on thyroid proteins that cause dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism could in pregnant and breastfeeding women impair the delivery of thyroid hormones and iodine to the offspring. The review discusses maternal genetic variations in thyroid proteins that, in the context of pregnancy and/or breastfeeding, could trigger thyroid hormone deficiency or iodide transport defect that will affect the proper development of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Gonzalez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Pio MG, Siffo S, Scheps KG, Molina MF, Adrover E, Abelleyro MM, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. Curating the gnomAD database: Report of novel variants in the thyrogobulin gene using in silico bioinformatics algorithms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111359. [PMID: 34119605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) is a large glycosylated protein of 2767 amino acids, secreted by the thyrocytes into the follicular lumen. It plays an essential role in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis. TG gene variants lead to permanent congenital hypothyroidism. In the present work, we report a detailed population and bioinformatic prediction analyses of the TG variants indexed in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The results showed a clear predominance of nonsense variants in the European (Finnish), European (Non-Finnish) and Ashkenazi Jewish ethnic groups, whereas the splice site variants predominate in South Asian and African/African-American populations. In total, 282 novel TG variants were described (47 missense involving the wild-type cysteine residues, 177 missense located in the ChEL domain and 58 splice site variants) which were not reported in the literature and that would have deleterious effects in prediction programs. In the gnomAD population, the estimated prevalence of heterozygous carriers of the potentially damaging variants was 1:320. In conclusion, we provide an updated and curated reference source for the diagnosis of thyroid disease, mainly to congenital hypothyroidism due to TG deficiency. The identification and characterization of TG variants is undoubtedly a valuable approach to study the TG structure/function relations and an important tool for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel M Abelleyro
- CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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