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Lee S, Ko K, Kim G, Park J, Ryu Y. Comparison of Meat Quality, Including Fatty Acid Content and Amino Acid Profile, and Transcriptome Profile among Hanwoo, Korea Black Cattle, and Jeju Black Cattle. Food Sci Anim Resour 2025; 45:553-572. [PMID: 40093631 PMCID: PMC11907422 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the meat quality, including fatty acid content, amino acid profile, and transcriptome profile, among three Korean cattle breeds: Hanwoo, Korean black cattle (KBC), and Jeju black cattle (JBC). We analyzed fatty acid compositions, revealing that Hanwoo had higher levels of saturated fatty acids such as pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and margaric acid than other cattle breeds. In contrast, KBC showed higher levels of linolenic acid, which is one of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Free amino acid profiles showed that Hanwoo and JBC had significantly higher levels of glutamic acid, glycine, and phenylalanine compared to KBC. KBC had a significantly higher arginine content, while Hanwoo had a significantly higher serine content compared to the other two breeds. Regarding constituent amino acid content, JBC had a higher glutamic acid content, which is associated with umami, and exhibited a lower level of valine, arginine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine compared to the other breeds. RNA transcriptome analysis identified key differentially expressed genes involved in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis, including MOGAT1, ANGPTL8, and SLC38A4. Network analysis highlighted substantial differences in muscle system processes, fat cell differentiation, and other pathways between the breeds. These findings provide foundational data for genetic selection programs aimed at enhancing meat quality and offer valuable insights into preserving the unique characteristics of Korean indigenous cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangHoon Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - KyoungBo Ko
- Division of Biotechnology, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - GwangHeun Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - JongEun Park
- Division of Biotechnology, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - YounChul Ryu
- Division of Biotechnology, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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Reis IA, Baldassini WA, Ramírez-Zamudio GD, de Farias IMSC, Chiaratti MR, Pereira Junior S, Nociti RP, Carvalho PHV, Curi RA, Pereira GL, Chardulo LAL, Neto ORM. Muscle tissue transcriptome of F1 Angus-Nellore bulls and steers feedlot finished: impacts on intramuscular fat deposition. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:1178. [PMID: 39633259 PMCID: PMC11616301 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-11066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration is a common practice in beef cattle production systems to manage breeding and enhance meat quality by promoting intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, known as marbling. However, the molecular mechanisms that are influenced by castration in beef cattle are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolic pathways that regulate IMF deposition in crossbred cattle by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of skeletal muscle tissue. Six hundred and forty F1 Angus-Nellore bulls and steers (n = 320/group) were submitted to feedlot finishing for 180 days. Sixty Longissimus thoracis muscle samples were collected randomly from each group in the hot carcass (at slaughter) and 48 h post-mortem (at deboning), at between 12th and 13th thoracic vertebrae. Three muscle samples of each group were randomly selected for RNA-Seq analysis, while the post-deboning meat samples were submitted to determination of IMF content. RESULTS Steers had a 2.7-fold greater IMF content than bulls (5.59 vs. 2.07%; P < 0.01). A total of 921 DEGs (FDR < 0.05) were identified in contrast between Bulls versus Steers; of these, 371 were up-regulated, and 550 were down-regulated. Functional transcriptome enrichment analysis revealed differences in biological processes and metabolic pathways related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis, such as insulin resistance, AMPK, cAMP, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Candidate genes such as FOXO1, PPARG, PCK2, CALM1, LEP, ADIPOQ, FASN, FABP4, PLIN1, PIK3R3, ROCK2, ADCY5, and ADORA1 were regulated in steers, which explains the expressive difference in IMF content when compared to bulls. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest the importance of these pathways and genes for lipid metabolism in steers with greater IMF. Notably, this study reveals for the first time the involvement of the PI3K-Akt pathway and associated genes in regulating IMF deposition in F1 Angus-Nellore cattle. Castration influenced DEGs linked to energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, highlighting key molecular players responsible for IMF accumulation post-castration in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alexandre Reis
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Welder Angelo Baldassini
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | | | - Iasmin Myrele Santos Calaça de Farias
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Pereira Junior
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Perecin Nociti
- College of Animal Science and Foods Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Abdallah Curi
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luis Pereira
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Otávio Rodrigues Machado Neto
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil.
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Liu S, Yang Y, Luo H, Pang W, Martin GB. Fat deposition and partitioning for meat production in cattle and sheep. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:376-386. [PMID: 38812494 PMCID: PMC11134559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In markets for beef and sheep meat, an appropriate level of intramuscular fat (IMF) is highly desirable for meat-eating quality, but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat, presenting a major challenge to livestock producers. To solve this problem, we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots: IMF, subcutaneous fat (SCF) and visceral fat (VF). In most genotypes of cattle and sheep, the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF, so genetic selection for a high level of IMF, or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition, will increase overall fatness and feed costs. On the other hand, feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition, so a nutritional strategy is feasible. With genetic strategies, several problems arise: 1) positive genetic correlations between IMF, SCF and VF differ among genotypes in both cattle and sheep; 2) genotypes appear to have specific, characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening; 3) most breeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF, but IMF does vary substantially among individuals and breeds so progress is possible through accurate measurement of IMF. Therefore, an essential prerequisite for selection will be knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype. Currently, selection for IMF is based on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or siblings, or estimates IMF in live animals. New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field, thus opening up the possibility of accurate selection, particularly for fat partitioning in live animals. Specifically, there would be great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could be shortened and genetic gain accelerated. Genetic gain would also be greatly aided if we could select for genes that control adipogenesis and lipogenesis and are also differentially expressed in the various depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Liu
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Yuquan, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Hailing Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenjie Pang
- Resonance Health, Burswood, WA 6100, Australia
| | - Graeme B. Martin
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Song Y, Wei D, Raza SHA, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Song X, Wu H, Wang X, Luoreng Z, Ma Y. Research progress of intramuscular fat formation based on co-culture. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3216-3236. [PMID: 36200856 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the meat quality of livestock and poultry. As a new cell culture technique in vitro, cell co-culture has been gradually applied to the related research of IMF formation because it can simulate the changes of microenvironment in vivo during the process of IMF cell formation. In the co-culture model, in addition to studying the effects of skeletal muscle cells on the proliferation and differentiation of IMF, we can also consider the role of many secretion factors in the formation of IMF, thus making the cell research in vitro closer to the real level in vivo. This paper reviewed the generation and origin of IMF, summarized the existing co-culture methods and systems, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the challenges faced in the establishment of the system, with emphasis on the current status of research on the formation of IMF for human and animal based on co-culture technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Yiang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
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Castro MMD, DeVries TJ, Machado AF, Correa PVF, Marcondes MI. Expression of enzymes involved in the urea cycle and muscle and mammary gland development of Holstein × Gyr heifers in a rotational grazing system supplemented with increasing protein levels. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6951-6960. [PMID: 37500437 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies evaluating the crude protein (CP) supplementation strategies across the year for grazing cattle and its association with the enzymes involved in the urea cycle and muscle and mammary gland developments are scarce. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with different levels of CP on the expression of genes involved in the urea cycle and muscle and mammary gland development of Holstein × Gyr crossbreed heifers grazing intensively managed Brachiaria decumbens throughout the year. Thirty-eight heifers with average initial BW of 172.5 ± 11.15 kg (mean ± SE) and 8.2 ± 0.54 mo of age were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 3 protein supplements (SUP) fed at 5g/kg of body weight, plus a control group (CON, non-supplemented animals). The supplement CP levels evaluated were: 12, 24, and 36%. The study was divided into 4 seasons: rainy, dry, rainy-dry transition (RDT), and dry-rainy transition (DRT). On the penultimate day of each season, ultrasound images of the carcass and mammary gland were taken. Five animals from each treatment were randomly chosen on the last day of each season, and liver and muscle tissue biopsies were performed. The target genes were the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the muscle samples. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), arginosuccinate lyase (ASL), and arginase (ARG) were evaluated in the liver samples. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of the SAS with repeated measures. We observed a greater rib eye area (cm2) and fat thickness (mm) in SUP animals than in non-supplemented animals. However, we did not observe differences among SUP levels for both variables. No effects of supplementation were detected on mammary gland development. Nevertheless, seasonal effects were observed, where the RDT and dry season had the most and least accumulated fat in the mammary gland. In muscle, we observed greater expression of AMPK in non-supplemented animals than SUP animals. On the other hand, no differences were observed in gene expression between SUP and non-supplemented animals and among SUP animals for mTOR. Season affected both AMPK and mTOR; heifers had a greater AMPK gene expression on rainy than RDT. For mTOR, we observed greater gene expression in RDT and DRT than in rainy. No differences were observed among RDT, dry, and DRT, and between dry and rainy seasons for mTOR. We observed greater CPS, ASL, and ARG gene expression in SUP animals than in non-supplemented animals. Among SUP animals, supplement CP linearly affected CPS. In conclusion, the supplementation strategy did not affect mammary gland development and mTOR expression in muscle tissue. However, we observed a seasonal effect on mammary gland development and AMPK and mTOR expression. The CP supplementation increased the rib eye area and fat thickness, directly affecting AMPK expression in the muscle. Moreover, the CP supplementation increased urea cycle enzyme expression, indicating greater urea production in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M D Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A F Machado
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - P V F Correa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - M I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Cunningham-Hollinger HC, Gray ZT, Christensen KW, Means WJ, Lake S, Paisley SI, Cammack KM, Meyer AM. The effect of feed efficiency classification on visceral organ mass in finishing steers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Individual feed intake of crossbred beef steers (one contemporary group/year, 2 yr) was recorded during finishing to investigate visceral organ mass in steers divergent for feed efficiency. Based on residual feed intake (RFI), the 20% most efficient (HE, n = 8/year) and 20% least efficient (LE; n = 8/year) steers with 12th rib fat ≥1.02 cm were slaughtered. High efficiency steers had less DM intake (P < 0.001), greater G:F (P < 0.001), and similar ADG and hot carcass weight (HCW). High efficiency steers tended to have less (P ≤ 0.10) small intestinal mass (actual and relative to BW and HCW) in year 1. In year 2, HE steers tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.10) large intestinal actual and relative masses. Low efficiency steers tended to have greater (P = 0.06) actual omasum mass and had greater (P ≤ 0.03) relative omasum masses compared with HE. Stomach complex, total gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney masses tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.10) relative to BW, and were greater (P ≤ 0.05) relative to HCW, in LE. Data suggest that visceral organ mass, especially of the gastrointestinal tract, plays a role in overall metabolic efficiency of finishing steers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zebadiah T.L. Gray
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Kelcey W Christensen
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Warrie J Means
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Scott Lake
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Steve I Paisley
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Kristi M. Cammack
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Allison M. Meyer
- University of Missouri, 14716, Division of Animal Sciences, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Li B, He Y, Wu W, Tan X, Wang Z, Irwin DM, Wang Z, Zhang S. Circular RNA Profiling Identifies Novel circPPARA that Promotes Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4123-4137. [PMID: 35324170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays an important role in pork quality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) implicate various biological processes; however, the regulatory mechanisms and functions of circRNAs in porcine IMF remains elusive. Hence, the study assessed the circRNA expression profiling in the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs with high (H) and low (L) IMF content to unravel their regulatory functions in improving meat quality. The RNA sequencing analysis identified 29,732 circRNAs from six sampled pigs, most of which were exon-derived. In the muscle, 336 were differentially expressed (DE) between the H and L IMF groups; 196 circRNAs were upregulated, and 140 were downregulated. Subsequent qRT-PCR validation of 10 DE circRNAs revealed expression patterns consistent with the RNA-seq data. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that most significantly enriched DE circRNAs' host genes were linked to lipid metabolism and adipogenesis processes. The circRNA-miRNA regulatory network analysis found several circRNAs targeting miRNAs associated with adipogenesis. Finally, a novel circRNA, circPPARA, was identified with the expression positively correlated with the IMF content. Detailed analysis revealed that circPPARA was formed via head-to-tail splicing and was more stable than the linear PPARA, predominantly located in the cytoplasm. Functional studies using overexpression and siRNA constructs demonstrated that circPPARA promotes differentiation and hinders the proliferation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. Moreover, the dual-luciferase assay revealed that circPPARA adsorbed miR-429 and miR-200b, thereby promoting intramuscular adipogenesis in pigs. Our results identified a candidate circRNA, circPPARA, that affects porcine IMF content. The study provides knowledge of the regulatory functions of circRNAs in intramuscular adipogenesis and abundant resource for future research on circRNAs in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaofan Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zichenhan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Xiong L, Pei J, Kalwar Q, Wu X, Yan P, Guo X. Fat deposition in yak during different phenological seasons. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chokeshaiusaha K, Puthier D, Sananmuang T, Olanratmanee EO, Nguyen C, Kedkovid R. Differential DNA methylation analysis across the promoter regions using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing profiling of porcine loin muscle. Vet World 2020; 13:1113-1125. [PMID: 32801562 PMCID: PMC7396332 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1113-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pork leanness and marbling are among the essential traits of consumer preference. To acquire knowledge about universal epigenetic regulations for improving breed selection, a meta-analysis of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) profiling data of mixed loin muscle types was performed in this study. Materials and Methods: MeDIP-seq profiling datasets of longissimus dorsi muscle and psoas major muscles from male and female pigs of Landrace and Tibetan breeds were preprocessed and aligned to the porcine genome. Analysis of differential methylated DNA regions (DMRs) between the breeds was performed by focusing on transcription start sites (TSSs) of known genes (−20,000-3000 bases from TSS). All associated genes were further reviewed for their functions and predicted for transcription factors (TF) possibly associated with their TSSs. Results: When the methylation levels of DMRs in TSS regions of Landrace breed were compared to those of Tibetan breed, 10 DMRs were hypomethylated (Landrace < Tibetan), and 19 DMRs were hypermethylated (Landrace > Tibetan), accordingly (p≤0.001). According to the reviews about gene functions, all associated genes were pieces of evidence for their roles in a variety of muscle and lipid metabolisms. Prediction of the binding TFs revealed the six most abundant binding TFs to such DMRs-associated TSS (p≤0.0001) as follows: ZNF384, Foxd3, IRF1, KLF9, EWSR1-FLI1, HES5, and TFAP2A. Conclusion: Common DMRs-associated TSS between the lean-type and the marbled-type loin muscles were identified in this study. Interestingly, the genes associated with such regions were strongly evidenced for their possible roles on the muscle trait characteristics by which further novel research topics could be focused on them in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Chokeshaiusaha
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chon Buri, Thailand
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UMR 1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Thanida Sananmuang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chon Buri, Thailand
| | - Em-On Olanratmanee
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chon Buri, Thailand
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UMR 1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Roongtham Kedkovid
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Swine Reproduction Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hou Y, Su L, Su R, Luo Y, Wang B, Yao D, Zhao L, Jin Y. Effect of feeding regimen on meat quality, MyHC isoforms, AMPK, and PGC-1α genes expression in the biceps femoris muscle of Mongolia sheep. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2262-2270. [PMID: 32405383 PMCID: PMC7215223 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of two feeding regimens on meat quality, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) types, and key factors regulating muscle fiber type (AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK] and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator-1α [PGC-1α]) in the biceps femoris muscle of Mongolia sheep were investigated. A total of 20 Mongolia sheep were weaning for 90 days and divided into two groups (pasture group (P) and confinement group (C)) at 10.36 ± 0.35 kg of weaning weight. After weaning, sheep were pasture fed or confinement fed for 9 months. The results showed that live weights, carcass weight, intramuscular fat (IMF), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) in P group were significantly lower (p < .05) than that in C group. Compared with P group, color evaluations with respect to L* and b* values were significantly higher (p < .05) in C group. Expression of the MyHC I gene in the P group was significantly higher, while MyHC IIa and MyHC IIb genes expression was significantly lower (p < .05) than that in C group. Also, AMPK activity and expression of AMPKα2 and PGC-1α genes were significantly higher (p < .05) in P group compared with C group. The present study indicated that muscle fiber composition was one of the key differences leading to the differences of meat quality in different feeding regimens. AMPK, particularly AMPKα2, and PGC-1α were considered to be two key factors regulating muscle fiber types in Mongolia sheep. The results support that AMPK activity and the expression of AMPKα2 and PGC-1α genes may affect the composition of muscle fibers; thus, AMPK activity and the expression of AMPKα2 and PGC-1α genes had an effect on meat quality by changed composition of muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Hou
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Rina Su
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Yulong Luo
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Bohui Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Duo Yao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
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Yao C, Pang D, Lu C, Xu A, Huang P, Ouyang H, Yu H. Data Mining and Validation of AMPK Pathway as a Novel Candidate Role Affecting Intramuscular Fat Content in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040137. [PMID: 30939765 PMCID: PMC6523794 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intramuscular fat (IMF) is increasingly being recognized as a key meat trait in the modern pork industry. The aims of this research were to identify potential signaling pathways associated with IMF content in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of different pig breeds and investigate the gene expression levels in the screened signaling pathways. Our results indicated that the AMPK signaling pathway may be related to IMF deposition in the LD muscle of pigs. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of ten key hub genes (AMPK, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, LKB1, CAMKKβ, CPT1A, CPT1B, PGC-1α, CD36, and ACC1) differed between the LD muscle of Min and Large White pigs. The protein expression levels of AMPK, LKB1, CaMKK2, CPT1A, and ACC1 were similar to the genes expression patterns in the LD muscle of Large White pigs. The results of this study provide novel insights into the regulatory function of the AMPK signaling pathway in relation to the IMF content in the LD muscle of different pigs. Abstract Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important economic trait for pork quality and a complex quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes. The objective of this work was to investigate the novel transcriptional effects of a multigene pathway on IMF deposition in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of pigs. Potential signaling pathways were screened by mining data from three gene expression profiles in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We designed quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) arrays for the candidate signaling pathways to verify the results in the LD muscles of two pig breeds with different IMF contents (Large White and Min). Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of several candidate proteins. Our results showed that the AMPK signaling pathway was screened via bioinformatics analysis. Ten key hub genes of this signaling pathway (AMPK, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, LKB1, CAMKKβ, CPT1A, CPT1B, PGC-1α, CD36, and ACC1) were differentially expressed between the Large White and Min pigs. Western blot analysis further confirmed that LKB1/CaMKK2-AMPK-ACC1-CPT1A axis dominates the activity of AMPK signaling pathway. Statistical analyses revealed that AMPK signaling pathway activity clearly varied among the two pig breeds. Based on these results, we concluded that the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway plays a positive role in reducing IMF deposition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogang Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Aishi Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Peixuan Huang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hao Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Cai H, Li M, Sun X, Plath M, Li C, Lan X, Lei C, Huang Y, Bai Y, Qi X, Lin F, Chen H. Global Transcriptome Analysis During Adipogenic Differentiation and Involvement of Transthyretin Gene in Adipogenesis in Cattle. Front Genet 2018; 9:463. [PMID: 30405687 PMCID: PMC6200853 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays central role in determining the gustatory quality of beef, but traditional Chinese beef cattle have low levels of fat content. We applied RNA-seq to study the molecular mechanisms underlying adipocyte differentiation in Qinchuan cattle. A total of 18,283 genes were found to be expressed in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, respectively. 470 of which were significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [false discovery rate (FDR) values < 0.05 and fold change ≥ 2]. In addition, 4534 alternative splicing (AS) events and 5153 AS events were detected in preadipocytes and adipocytes, respectively. We constructed a protein interaction network, which suggested that collagen plays an important role during bovine adipogenic differentiation. We characterized the function of the most down-regulated DEG (P < 0.001) among genes we have detected by qPCR, namely, the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Overexpression of TTR appears to promote the expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (P < 0.05) and fatty acid binding Protein 4 (FABP4) (P < 0.05). Hence, TTR appears to be involved in the regulation of bovine adipogenic differentiation. Our study represents the comprehensive approach to explore bovine adipocyte differentiation using transcriptomic data and reports an involvement of TTR during bovine adipogenic differentiation. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying bovine adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingxun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Congjun Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinglei Qi
- Biyang Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Biyang County, Biyang, China
| | - Fengpeng Lin
- Biyang Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Biyang County, Biyang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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13
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Li Y, Li F, Chen S, Duan Y, Guo Q, Wang W, Wen C, Yin Y. Protein-Restricted Diet Regulates Lipid and Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Growing Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9412-9420. [PMID: 27960278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the lipid metabolism and energy status of skeletal muscle of pigs as affected by dietary protein restriction. Eighteen growing pigs were distributed into three treatments, and each group was fed one of three levels (20, 17, and 14%) of crude protein (CP) diets. Our results showed that pigs fed the 20% CP had greater (P < 0.05) gain:feed and muscle weight than those fed the 14% CP, but no differences between the 20 and 17% CP treatments. Additionally, protein restriction tended to increase (P = 0.07) the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) and up-regulated (P < 0.05) expression of lipogenic-related genes. Energy status was changed and, concomitantly, AMP-activated protein kinase α pathway was inhibited by reducing the dietary protein level. These results indicate protein restriction could be useful to improve IMF content of pigs through regulating lipid metabolism and associated energy utilization in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
| | - Chaoyue Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
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Li XK, Wang JZ, Wang CQ, Zhang CH, Li X, Tang CH, Wei XL. Effect of dietary phosphorus levels on meat quality and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Food Chem 2016; 205:289-96. [PMID: 27006242 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the influence of dietary phosphorus (P) levels on meat quality and lipid metabolism, a 42-day feeding experiment (P deficient group; normal group; high P level groups of H1 and H2, respectively) using 100 one-day-old broilers was conducted. Results demonstrated that the quality of broiler chicken meat in deficient or high P groups decreased relative to the normal group. High P diets resulted in increased lightness, redness values, shear forces and decreased fatty acid contents and intramuscular fat content in breast meat (p<0.01). Compared with normal group, lower malic enzyme activity, higher fatty acid synthase and AMP-activated protein kinase activities were observed in the treatment groups (p<0.05). Chickens fed with normal diets had the lowest serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels which differed from that of other treatments (p<0.05). High-P diets significantly decreased the lipid accumulation in the liver (p<0.01), whereas phosphorus levels in breast meat increased significantly (p<0.01). It can be concluded that deficient or higher P levels could affect meat quality and expression of indicators on lipid metabolism of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ke Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Qing Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Hong Tang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wei
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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The influence of maternal energy status during mid-gestation on beef offspring tenderness, muscle characteristics, and gene expression. Meat Sci 2015; 110:201-11. [PMID: 26253836 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if maternal energy status during mid-gestation influences the expression of genes regulating muscle and fat development, and muscle characteristics that may impact meat tenderness. Cows grazed dormant, native range (Positive Energy Status [PES]) or were fed at 80% of maintenance energy requirements (Negative Energy Status [NES]) during mid-gestation. Steer offspring were harvested after 21 d in the feedlot (weaning subsample) or after 208 d in the feedlot (final subsample). Greater 21-d tenderness was observed in NES steers, resulting from reduced collagen content in longissimus lumborum steaks. In the semitendinosus, NES steers had greater soluble collagen, and down-regulated expression of MHC-IIA and TIMP-3 at weaning, while MHC-IIA expression was up-regulated in NES steers in the final harvest. Data show mid-gestational maternal energy status may impact offspring tenderness and collagen, but differences were not detected in expression of genes important in myogenesis and adipogenesis in muscle samples obtained from steers at weaning or slaughter.
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16
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Kern SA, Pritchard RH, Blair AD, Scramlin SM, Underwood KR. The influence of growth stage on carcass composition and factors associated with marbling development in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:5275-84. [PMID: 25253804 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous fat and marbling both increase in beef cattle during the feeding phase but are antagonistic in regard to their contribution to beef carcass value. The objective of this study was to determine whether cellular factors associated with marbling development change with growth stage throughout the feeding period and whether they are correlated to marbling relative to carcass composition. Twenty-four steers of known origin with the cytosine and thymine (CT) leptin genotype were allotted to 3 harvest groups. Six steers per harvest group were harvested at the following predetermined points: 35 d on feed (early feeding period, EF), average live weight of 464 kg (middle feeding period, MF), and 1.17-cm 12th-rib subcutaneous fat thickness (late feeding period, LF). Longissmus muscle samples were collected within 30 min postmortem and snap frozen for real-time PCR and Western blot analysis of lipoprotein lipase, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD), PPARγ, C/EBP-β, and myostatin. Carcass data were recorded, and LM samples were collected and aged 2, 7, 14, and 21 d postmortem for Warner-Bratzler shear force determination. Carcass composition was estimated by dissection of the 9-10-11 rib section and subsequent proximate analysis of the soft tissue. Intramuscular fat content of the LM increased linearly throughout the feeding period, giving additional support to marbling as an early developing tissue. Expression of AMPKα was found to be downregulated, whereas SCD expression was upregulated in the LF group relative to the first 2 harvest groups. Additionally, SCD and PPARγ were downregulated in the EF group relative to the latter 2 harvest groups. These changes in gene expression resulted in a linear increase in only PPARγ protein abundance, whereas myostatin tended to increase quadratically. A correlation was found between intramuscular fat and PPARγ abundance. This gives further evidence of the importance of adipocyte hyperplasia in increasing marbling. Targeting and increasing PPARγ expression may serve as a mechanism to increase marbling deposition. Last, LF steaks were more tender than MF or EF steaks, indicating improved tenderness with increased days on feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kern
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - R H Pritchard
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - A D Blair
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - S M Scramlin
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - K R Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
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Huang H, Larsen MR, Palmisano G, Dai J, Lametsch R. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of porcine muscle within 24 h postmortem. J Proteomics 2014; 106:125-39. [PMID: 24769528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Protein phosphorylation can regulate most of the important processes in muscle, such as metabolism and contraction. The postmortem (PM) metabolism and rigor mortis have essential effects on meat quality. In order to identify and characterize the protein phosphorylation events involved in meat quality development, a quantitative mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic study was performed to analyze the porcine muscle within 24h PM using dimethyl labeling combined with the TiSH phosphopeptide enrichment strategy. In total 305 unique proteins were identified, including 160 phosphoproteins with 784 phosphorylation sites. Among these, 184 phosphorylation sites on 93 proteins had their phosphorylation levels significantly changed. The proteins involved in glucose metabolism and muscle contraction were the two largest clusters of phosphoproteins with significantly changed phosphorylation levels in muscle within 24 h PM. The high phosphorylation level of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in early PM may be an adaptive response to slaughter stress and protect muscle cell from apoptosis, as observed in the serine 84 of HSP27. This work indicated that PM muscle proteins underwent significant changes at the phosphorylation level but were relatively stable at the total protein level, suggesting that protein phosphorylation may have important roles in meat quality development through the regulation of proteins involved in glucose metabolism and muscle contraction, thereby affecting glycolysis and rigor mortis development in PM muscle. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The manuscript describes the characterization of postmortem (PM) porcine muscle within 24 h postmortem from the perspective of protein phosphorylation using advanced phosphoproteomic techniques. In the study, the authors employed the dimethyl labeling combined with the TiSH phosphopeptide enrichment and LC-MS/MS strategy. This was the first high-throughput quantitative phosphoproteomic study in PM muscle of farm animals. In the work, both the proteome and phosphoproteome were analyzed, and the large number of identified peptides, phosphopeptides and phosphorylation sites can greatly enrich the current farm animal protein database. The proteins involved in glycometabolism, muscle contraction and heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed significantly changed phosphorylation levels during PM meat development. This work indicated that PM muscle proteins underwent significant changes at phosphorylation level but were relatively stable at the total protein level, suggesting that protein phosphorylation may have important roles in meat development through the regulation of proteins involved in metabolism and muscle contraction, thereby affecting glycolysis and rigor mortis development in PM muscle. The work can promote the understanding of PM muscle metabolism and meat quality development, and be helpful for future meat quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Huang
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jie Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - René Lametsch
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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D'Alessandro A, Zolla L. Meat science: From proteomics to integrated omics towards system biology. J Proteomics 2013; 78:558-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lee JM, Choe JH, Jin HJ, Kim TI, Park BY, Hwang DY, Koh KC, Kim CJ, Hwang KS. Effect of Marbling Score on Carcass Grade Factors, Physico-chemical and Sensory Traits of M. Longissimus Dorsi in Hanwoo. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2012. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2012.32.5.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ryan MT, Hamill RM, O'Halloran AM, Davey GC, McBryan J, Mullen AM, McGee C, Gispert M, Southwood OI, Sweeney T. SNP variation in the promoter of the PRKAG3 gene and association with meat quality traits in pig. BMC Genet 2012; 13:66. [PMID: 22831392 PMCID: PMC3485185 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The PRKAG3 gene encodes the γ3 subunit of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), a protein that plays a key role in energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene such as I199V are associated with important pork quality traits. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between gene expression of the PRKAG3 gene, SNP variation in the PRKAG3 promoter and meat quality phenotypes in pork. Results PRKAG3 gene expression was found to correlate with a number of traits relating to glycolytic potential (GP) and intramuscular fat (IMF) in three phenotypically diverse F1 crosses comprising of 31 Large White, 23 Duroc and 32 Pietrain sire breeds. The majority of associations were observed in the Large White cross. There was a significant association between genotype at the g.-311A>G locus and PRKAG3 gene expression in the Large White cross. In the same population, ten novel SNPs were identified within a 1.3 kb region spanning the promoter and from this three major haplotypes were inferred. Two tagging SNPs (g.-995A>G and g.-311A>G) characterised the haplotypes within the promoter region being studied. These two SNPs were subsequently genotyped in larger populations consisting of Large White (n = 98), Duroc (n = 99) and Pietrain (n = 98) purebreds. Four major haplotypes including promoter SNP’s g.-995A>G and g.-311A>G and I199V were inferred. In the Large White breed, HAP1 was associated with IMF% in the M. longissmus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and driploss%. HAP2 was associated with IMFL% GP-influenced traits pH at 24 hr in LTL (pHULT), pH at 45 min in LTL (pH45LT) and pH at 45 min in the M. semimembranosus muscle (pH45SM). HAP3 was associated with driploss%, pHULT pH45LT and b* Minolta. In the Duroc breed, associations were observed between HAP1 and driploss% and pHUSM. No associations were observed with the remaining haplotypes (HAP2, HAP3 and HAP4) in the Duroc breed. The Pietrain breed was monomorphic in the promoter region. The I199V locus was associated with several GP-influenced traits across all three breeds and IMF% in the Large White and Pietrain breed. No significant difference in promoter function was observed for the three main promoter haplotypes when tested in vitro. Conclusion Gene expression levels of the porcine PRKAG3 are associated with meat quality phenotypes relating to glycolytic potential and IMF% in the Large White breed, while SNP variation in the promoter region of the gene is associated with PRKAG3 gene expression and meat quality phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Faure J, Lefaucheur L, Bonhomme N, Ecolan P, Meteau K, Coustard SM, Kouba M, Gilbert H, Lebret B. Consequences of divergent selection for residual feed intake in pigs on muscle energy metabolism and meat quality. Meat Sci 2012; 93:37-45. [PMID: 22910803 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selection to decrease Residual Feed Intake (RFI) is a relevant way to improve feed efficiency in growing pigs. However, RFI criterion is correlated with body composition and muscle characteristics. Present study evaluated adaptive responses to divergent selection on RFI on muscle metabolism and homeostasis through AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Consequences on technological and sensory meat quality were also analyzed in two lines of Large White pigs after six generations of divergent selection on RFI. RFI(-) pigs (n=60) exhibited similar growth rate but lower feed intake and conversion ratio, and were leaner than RFI(+) pigs (n=57). Despite higher glycogen content, metabolic enzyme capacities involved in glycolytic, fatty acid oxidation pathway and energy balance were reduced in the Longissimus muscle of the RFI(-) pigs. Reduced muscle homeostasis in the RFI(-) line influenced post-mortem metabolism and impaired technological quality traits of loin and ham but had only slight effects on meat eating quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Faure
- INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
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22
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Underwood K, Tong J, Price P, Roberts A, Grings E, Hess B, Means W, Du M. Nutrition during mid to late gestation affects growth, adipose tissue deposition, and tenderness in cross-bred beef steers. Meat Sci 2010; 86:588-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Du M, Yin J, Zhu MJ. Cellular signaling pathways regulating the initial stage of adipogenesis and marbling of skeletal muscle. Meat Sci 2010; 86:103-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Lefaucheur L. A second look into fibre typing – Relation to meat quality. Meat Sci 2010; 84:257-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers. Animal 2010; 4:303-19. [PMID: 22443885 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109991091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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26
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Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species. Animal 2010; 4:1093-109. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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Du M, Yan X, Tong JF, Zhao J, Zhu MJ. Maternal obesity, inflammation, and fetal skeletal muscle development. Biol Reprod 2009; 82:4-12. [PMID: 19516021 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.077099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity coupled with Western-style high-energy diets represents a special problem that can result in poor fetal development, leading to harmful, persistent effects on offspring, including predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mechanisms linking maternal obesity to the increased incidence of obesity and other metabolic diseases in offspring remain poorly defined. Because skeletal muscle is the principal site for glucose and fatty acid utilization and composes 40%-50% of total body mass, changes in the properties of offspring skeletal muscle and its mass resulting from maternal obesity may be responsible for the increase in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Fetal stage is crucial for skeletal muscle development because there is no net increase in the muscle fiber number after birth. Fetal skeletal muscle development involves myogenesis, adipogenesis, and fibrogenesis, which are all derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Shifting commitment of MSCs from myogenesis to adipogenesis and fibrogenesis will result in increased intramuscular fat and connective tissue, as well as reduced numbers of muscle fiber and/or diameter, all of which have lasting negative effects on offspring muscle function and properties. Maternal obesity leads to low-grade inflammation, which changes the commitment of MSCs in fetal muscle through several possible mechanisms: 1) inflammation downregulates wingless and int (WNT) signaling, which attenuates myogenesis; 2) inflammation inhibits AMP-activated protein kinase, which promotes adipogenesis; and 3) inflammation may induce epigenetic modification through polycomb group proteins. More studies are needed to further explore the underlying mechanisms associated with maternal obesity, inflammation, and the commitment of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA.
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28
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Liu J, Damon M, Guitton N, Guisle I, Ecolan P, Vincent A, Cherel P, Gondret F. Differentially-expressed genes in pig Longissimus muscles with contrasting levels of fat, as identified by combined transcriptomic, reverse transcription PCR, and proteomic analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3808-3817. [PMID: 19296579 DOI: 10.1021/jf8033144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat content is important for many meat quality parameters. This work is aimed at identifying functional categories of genes associated with natural variation among individuals in intramuscular fat content to help the design of genetic schemes for high marbling potential. Taking advantage of the global nature of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies, 40 genes were identified as differently expressed between high fat and low fat pig Longissimus muscles at slaughter weight. They are involved in metabolic processes, cell communication, binding, and response to stimulus. Using real-time PCR in muscle biopsies taken earlier in the fattening period, the group with a high intramuscular fat content was also characterized by the down-expression of genes playing a negative role in adipogenesis, such as architectural transcription factor high-motility hook A1, mitogen activated protein-kinase14, and cyclin D1. These results suggest that interindividual variability in intramuscular fat content might arise essentially from differences in early adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Liu
- INRA, UMR1079 Systèmes d'Elevage Nutrition Animale et Humaine, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
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