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Tan Z, Jiang H. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Intramuscular Fat Development and Growth in Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2520. [PMID: 38473768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat, also referred to as marbling fat, is the white fat deposited within skeletal muscle tissue. The content of intramuscular fat in the skeletal muscle, particularly the longissimus dorsi muscle, of cattle is a critical determinant of beef quality and value. In this review, we summarize the process of intramuscular fat development and growth, the factors that affect this process, and the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms that mediate this process in cattle. Compared to other species, cattle have a remarkable ability to accumulate intramuscular fat, partly attributed to the abundance of sources of fatty acids for synthesizing triglycerides. Compared to other adipose depots such as subcutaneous fat, intramuscular fat develops later and grows more slowly. The commitment and differentiation of adipose precursor cells into adipocytes as well as the maturation of adipocytes are crucial steps in intramuscular fat development and growth in cattle. Each of these steps is controlled by various factors, underscoring the complexity of the regulatory network governing adipogenesis in the skeletal muscle. These factors include genetics, epigenetics, nutrition (including maternal nutrition), rumen microbiome, vitamins, hormones, weaning age, slaughter age, slaughter weight, and stress. Many of these factors seem to affect intramuscular fat deposition through the transcriptional or epigenetic regulation of genes directly involved in the development and growth of intramuscular fat. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which intramuscular fat develops and grows in cattle will help us develop more effective strategies to optimize intramuscular fat deposition in cattle, thereby maximizing the quality and value of beef meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Tan
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Honglin Jiang
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Wen C, Wang Q, Gu S, Jin J, Yang N. Emerging perspectives in the gut-muscle axis: The gut microbiota and its metabolites as important modulators of meat quality. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14361. [PMID: 37902307 PMCID: PMC10832551 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal breeding has made great genetic progress in increasing carcass weight and meat yield in recent decades. However, these improvements have come at the expense of meat quality. As the demand for meat quantity continues to rise, the meat industry faces the great challenge of maintaining and even increasing product quality. Recent research, including traditional statistical analyses and gut microbiota regulation research, has demonstrated that the gut microbiome exerts a considerable effect on meat quality, which has become increasingly intriguing in farm animals. Microbial metabolites play crucial roles as substrates or signalling factors to distant organs, influencing meat quality either beneficially or detrimentally. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota exhibit excellent potential as natural ways to foster the conversion of myofibres and promote intramuscular fat deposition. Here, we highlight the emerging roles of the gut microbiota in various dimensions of meat quality. We focus particularly on the effects of the gut microbiota and gut-derived molecules on muscle fibre metabolism and intramuscular fat deposition and attempt to summarize the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversityHainanChina
| | - Qunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiaming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversityHainanChina
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3
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Nguyen DV, Nguyen OC, Malau-Aduli AE. Main regulatory factors of marbling level in beef cattle. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100219. [PMID: 34877434 PMCID: PMC8633366 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The content of intramuscular fat (IMF), that determines marbling levels is considered as one of the vital factors influencing beef sensory quality including tenderness, juiciness, flavour and colour. The IMF formation in cattle commences around six months after conception, and continuously grows throughout the life of the animal. The accumulation of marbling is remarkably affected by genetic, sexual, nutritional and management factors. In this review, the adipogenesis and lipogenesis process regulated by various factors and genes during fetal and growing stages is briefly presented. We also discuss the findings of recent studies on the effects of breed, gene, heritability and gender on the marbling accumulation. Various research reported that feeding during pregnancy, concentrate to roughage ratios and the supplementation or restriction of vitamin A, C, and D are crucial nutritional factors affecting the formation and development of IMF. Castration and early weaning combined with high energy feeding are effective management strategies for improving the accumulation of IMF. Furthermore, age and weight at slaughter are also reviewed because they have significant effects on marbling levels. The combination of several factors could positively affect the improvement of the IMF deposition. Therefore, advanced strategies that simultaneously apply genetic, sexual, nutritional and management factors to achieve desired IMF content without detrimental impacts on feed efficiency in high-marbling beef production are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don V. Nguyen
- National Institute of Animal Science, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi 29909, Vietnam
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Oanh C. Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Aduli E.O. Malau-Aduli
- Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Park SY, Kim HY. Effects of Marketing Ages on the Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Aspects of Cured Broiler Chicken Breast Meat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092152. [PMID: 34574262 PMCID: PMC8470794 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This research evaluated the properties of cured chicken breasts of broiler chicken with different marketing ages (28, 30, 32, and 34 day). The water contents in the proximate compositions of the samples tended to decrease with increasing marketing age, while the protein content increased. The samples’ uncooked and cooked pH values, WHC, and cooking yield increased with increasing marketing age; however, the WHC and cooking yield were not significantly different between the 32 and 34 day samples (p > 0.05). In the case of the color, the 34 day samples were significantly lower in terms of lightness, but significantly higher in redness and yellowness compared to the other samples (p < 0.05). Although the shear forces of the 28–32 day samples were not significantly different (p > 0.05), those of the 28 and 30 day samples were significantly lower than those of the 34 day sample (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the aromatic profile (determined by principal component analysis) of the 34 day sample differed from that of the 28–32 day samples. Flavor evaluation of the cooked 30 and 32 day samples showed significant differences compared to the 28 and 34 day samples (p < 0.05), and the texture evaluation showed that the 34 day sample obtained a significantly lower score than the 28 day sample (p < 0.05). Overall, these results suggest that the current broiler marketing age of 32 day results in suitable quality properties for broiler cured chicken breast.
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Yamada T, Kamiya M, Higuchi M. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Wagyu and Holstein Beef. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030095. [PMID: 32155860 PMCID: PMC7142765 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) beef is characterized by high intramuscular fat content and has a characteristic sweet taste. However, the chemical components for characterizing the sweet taste of Wagyu beef have been unclear. In this experiment, we conducted a metabolomic analysis of the longissimus muscle (sirloin) in Wagyu and Holstein cattle to determine the key components associated with beef taste using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Holstein sirloin beef was characterized by the abundance of components such as glutamine, ribose-5-phosphate, uric acid, inosine monophosphate, 5-oxoproline, and glycine. In contrast, Wagyu sirloin beef was characterized by the abundance of sugar components (maltose and xylitol). Dietary fat is known to increase the intensity of sweet taste. These results suggest that the sweet taste of Wagyu beef is due to the synergetic effects of higher sugar components and intramuscular fat.
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Yang LQ, Li J, Wang C, Wu QY, Chen XY, Lai SJ, Song TZ, Zhang M. Expression patterns of PPARγ2, PGC-1α, and MEF2C and their association with intramuscular fat content and skeletal muscle tenderness of crossbred Simmental bulls. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ2, PGC-1α, and MEF2C play an important role in skeletal muscle development and fat deposition. This study aimed to determine their mRNA expression levels in longissimus dorsi (Ld), semitendinosus (Se), and soleus (Sol) muscles of crossbred Simmental bulls and estimate their association with intramuscular fat (IMF) content and meat shear force (MSF). We measured the muscle fiber (MF) density and area, IMF content, and MSF of 6-, 12-, and 36-mo-old bulls. We found that the expression patterns differed with age: the PPARγ2 expression in the three muscles of 36-mo-old bulls was greater than that in the muscles of 6- and 12-mo-old bulls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PGC-1α expression in Sol of 36-mo-old and MEF2C expression in Ld of 12-mo-old bulls were higher than those in the respective muscles of 6- and 12-mo-old bulls, and 6- and 36-mo-old bulls, respectively (P < 0.05). The MF area, IMF content, and MSF increased with age (P < 0.05). The PPARγ2 mRNA expression in Ld, Se, and Sol was positively correlated with MF area and IMF content (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with MF density (P < 0.05). Thus, PPARγ2 might be a candidate marker, which is positively correlated with IMF content and MF area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Yang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ying Wu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Yu Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song-Jia Lai
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetic, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Zeng Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, Tibet 850009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydroxyproline is a structurally and physiologically important imino acid in animals. It is provided from diets and endogenous synthesis, and its conversion into glycine enhances the production of glutathione, DNA, heme, and protein. Furthermore, oxidation of hydroxyproline by hydroxyproline oxidase (OH-POX) plays an important role in cell antioxidative reactions, survival, and homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms whereby hydroxyproline participates in metabolism and cell signaling can improve the nutrition and health of animals and humans. Recent Advances: Hydroxyproline is highly abundant in milk and is utilized for renal synthesis of glycine to support neonatal growth, development, and survival. The oxidation of hydroxyproline by mitochondrial OH-POX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enhanced ROS production contributes to the regulation of oxidative defense, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, hypoxic responses, and cell survival in animals. CRITICAL ISSUES Although dietary hydroxyproline enters the portal circulation, its utilization by the portal-drained viscera is unknown. Pathways for hydroxyproline metabolism and their regulation at the molecular, cellular, and whole-body levels remain to be defined. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible for hydroxyproline-derived ROS and related metabolites to induce cell survival or apoptosis are unknown. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interorgan metabolism of hydroxyproline (including synthesis, catabolism, and flux) in animals must be quantified using isotope technologies. Efforts should also be directed toward studying dietary, hormonal, and epigenetic regulation of OH-POX expression at transcriptional and translational levels. Another emerging research need is to understand the roles of cellular redox and signaling networks involving both ROS and Δ1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate in nutrition, health, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- 2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China
| | - Chien-An A Hu
- 2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan, China .,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico , Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Guoyao Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University , Beijing, China .,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan, China .,4 Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
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Park SJ, Beak SH, Jung DJS, Kim SY, Jeong IH, Piao MY, Kang HJ, Fassah DM, Na SW, Yoo SP, Baik M. Genetic, management, and nutritional factors affecting intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1043-1061. [PMID: 29879830 PMCID: PMC6039335 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle including the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), also known as marbling fat, is one of the most important factors determining beef quality in several countries including Korea, Japan, Australia, and the United States. Genetics and breed, management, and nutrition affect IMF deposition. Japanese Black cattle breed has the highest IMF content in the world, and Korean cattle (also called Hanwoo) the second highest. Here, we review results of research on genetic factors (breed and sex differences and heritability) that affect IMF deposition. Cattle management factors are also important for IMF deposition. Castration of bulls increases IMF deposition in most cattle breeds. The effects of several management factors, including weaning age, castration, slaughter weight and age, and environmental conditions on IMF deposition are also reviewed. Nutritional factors, including fat metabolism, digestion and absorption of feed, glucose/starch availability, and vitamin A, D, and C levels are important for IMF deposition. Manipulating IMF deposition through developmental programming via metabolic imprinting is a recently proposed nutritional method to change potential IMF deposition during the fetal and neonatal periods in rodents and domestic animals. Application of fetal nutritional programming to increase IMF deposition of progeny in later life is reviewed. The coordination of several factors affects IMF deposition. Thus, a combination of several strategies may be needed to manipulate IMF deposition, depending on the consumer’s beef preference. In particular, stage-specific feeding programs with concentrate-based diets developed by Japan and Korea are described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ju Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Da Jin Sol Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - In Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Yu Piao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeok Joong Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dilla Mareistia Fassah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Weon Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seon Pil Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myunggi Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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Onogi A, Sasaki S, Kobayashi M, Ogino A, Nozaki T, Kurogi K, Yasumori T, Togashi K, Iwata H. A genetic analysis of meat compositions in Japanese Black cattle: Genetic parameters and sex influence. J Anim Breed Genet 2017; 134:373-382. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Onogi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Sasaki
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science; Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.; Maebashi Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science; Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.; Maebashi Japan
| | - A. Ogino
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science; Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.; Maebashi Japan
| | - T. Nozaki
- Cattle Breeding Department (beef); Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kurogi
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science; Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.; Maebashi Japan
| | - T. Yasumori
- Cattle Breeding Department (beef); Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Togashi
- Cattle Breeding Department (beef); Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc.; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Iwata
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Sakuma H, Saito K, Kohira K, Ohhashi F, Shoji N, Uemoto Y. Estimates of genetic parameters for chemical traits of meat quality in Japanese black cattle. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:203-212. [PMID: 27146072 PMCID: PMC5298003 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic parameters for 54 carcass and chemical traits, such as general composition (moisture, crude fat and crude protein), fatty acid composition and water‐soluble compounds (free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides and sugars) of 587 commercial Japanese Black cattle were assessed. Heritability estimates for carcass traits and general composition ranged between 0.19–0.28, whereas those for fatty acid composition ranged between 0.11–0.85. Most heritability estimates for water‐soluble compounds were lower than 0.30; these traits were affected by aging period. Moderate heritability was observed for glutamine, alanine, taurine, anserine, inosine 5′‐monophosphate (IMP), inosine and myo‐inositol. In particular, heritability estimates were the highest (0.66) for taurine. Traits with moderate heritability were unaffected by aging period, with the exception of IMP, which was affected by aging period but exhibited moderate heritability (0.47). Although phenotypic correlations of water‐soluble compounds with carcass weight (CW), beef marbling standard (BMS) and monounsaturated fatty acid were generally low, genetic correlations between these traits were low to high. At the genetic level, most of the water‐soluble compounds were positively correlated with monounsaturated fatty acid but negatively correlated with CW and BMS. Thus, our results indicate that genetic variance and correlations could exist and be captured for some of the water‐soluble compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Sakuma
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Saito
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kohira
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumie Ohhashi
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shoji
- Yamagata Prefectural College of Agriculture, Shinjo, Yamagata, Japan
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Sasago N, Abe T, Sakuma H, Kojima T, Uemoto Y. Genome-wide association study for carcass traits, fatty acid composition, chemical composition, sugar, and the effects of related candidate genes in Japanese Black cattle. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:33-44. [PMID: 27112906 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and candidate gene analysis to: (i) evaluate the effectiveness of the GWAS in our small population by performing GWAS for carcass weight (CW) and fatty acid composition; (ii) detect novel candidate regions affecting non-CW carcass traits, chemical composition and sugar; and (iii) evaluate the association of the candidate genes previously detected in CW and fatty acid composition with other economically important traits. A total of 574 Japanese Black cattle and 40 657 Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used. In addition, candidate gene analyses were performed to evaluate the association of three CW-related genes and two fatty acid-related genes with carcass traits, fatty acid composition, chemical composition and sugar. The significant regions with the candidate genes were detected for CW and fatty acid composition, and these results showed that a significant region would be detectable despite the small sample size. The novel candidate regions were detected on BTA23 for crude protein and on BTA19 for fructose. CW-related genes associated with the rib-eye area and fatty acid composition were identified, and fatty acid-related genes had no relationship with other traits. Moreover, the favorable allele of CW-related genes had an unfavorable effect on fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Sasago
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Abe
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakuma
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
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Sato S, Uemoto Y, Kikuchi T, Egawa S, Kohira K, Saito T, Sakuma H, Miyashita S, Arata S, Kojima T, Suzuki K. SNP- and haplotype-based genome-wide association studies for growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in a Duroc multigenerational population. BMC Genet 2016; 17:60. [PMID: 27094516 PMCID: PMC4837538 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to compare the power of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) and haplotype-based GWAS for quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection, and to detect novel candidate genes affecting economically important traits in a purebred Duroc population comprising seven-generation pedigree. First, we performed a simulation analysis using real genotype data of this population to compare the power (based on the null hypothesis) of the two methods. We then performed GWAS using both methods and real phenotype data comprising 52 traits, which included growth, carcass, and meat quality traits. Results In total, 836 animals were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and 14 customized SNPs from regions of known candidate genes related to the traits of interest. The power of SNP-based GWAS was greater than that of haplotype-based GWAS in a simulation analysis. In real data analysis, a larger number of significant regions was obtained by SNP-based GWAS than by haplotype-based GWAS. For SNP-based GWAS, 23 genome-wide significant SNP regions were detected for 17 traits, and 120 genome-wide suggestive SNP regions were detected for 27 traits. For haplotype-based GWAS, 6 genome-wide significant SNP regions were detected for four traits, and 11 genome-wide suggestive SNP regions were detected for eight traits. All genome-wide significant SNP regions detected by haplotype-based GWAS were located in regions also detected by SNP-based GWAS. Four regions detected by SNP-based GWAS were significantly associated with multiple traits: on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1 at 304 Mb; and on SSC7 at 35–39 Mb, 41–42 Mb, and 103 Mb. The vertnin gene (VRTN) in particular, was located on SSC7 at 103 Mb and was significantly associated with vertebrae number and carcass lengths. Mapped QTL regions contain some candidate genes involved in skeletal formation (FUBP3; far upstream element binding protein 3) and fat deposition (METTL3; methyltransferase like 3). Conclusion Our results show that a multigenerational pig population is useful for detecting QTL, which are typically segregated in a purebred population. In addition, a novel significant region could be detected by SNP-based GWAS as opposed to haplotype-based GWAS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0368-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Sato
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Uemoto
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Sachiko Egawa
- Miyazaki Branch of National Livestock Breeding Center, Kobayashi, Miyazaki, 886-0004, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kohira
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Tomomi Saito
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakuma
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyashita
- Miyazaki Branch of National Livestock Breeding Center, Kobayashi, Miyazaki, 886-0004, Japan
| | - Shinji Arata
- Miyazaki Branch of National Livestock Breeding Center, Kobayashi, Miyazaki, 886-0004, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kojima
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Keiichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan
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13
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Liang RR, Zhu H, Mao YW, Zhang YM, Zhu LX, Cornforth D, Wang RH, Meng XY, Luo X. Tenderness and sensory attributes of the longissimus lumborum muscles with different quality grades from Chinese fattened yellow crossbred steers. Meat Sci 2015; 112:52-7. [PMID: 26519609 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to investigate intramuscular fat (IMF) content,Warner–Bratzler shear force(WBSF) and sensory attributes of Chinese fattened yellow crossbred steer beef with different quality grades, and to determine the relationship between WBSF and Chinese consumers' sensory tender. WBSF of grades A1 to A5 decreased from 50.6 N to 33.1 N with IMF % increased from4.26 to 24.55 (P b 0.05). Consumer panelists showed more likeability grades A4 and A5 with no difference between them. Grades A2 and A3 were slightly preferred (P b 0.05). Grade A1 was undesirable. A regression relationship between WBSF and sensory tender was found, which indicated that consumers disliked beef when WBSF N55.43 N and preferred those with WBSF b41.4 N. The range of 41.4 N to 55.43 N was intermediate. Hence, WBSF N55.43 & b41.4 N allow classification of tough and tender for beef tenderness for Chinese consumers, and grade A4 was recommended as suitable top grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Liang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - H Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Y W Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Y M Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - L X Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - D Cornforth
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-8700, USA
| | - R H Wang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - X Y Meng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - X Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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14
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Seong PN, Kang GH, Park KM, Cho SH, Kang SM, Park BY, Moon SS, Ba HV. Characterization of Hanwoo Bovine By-products by Means of Yield, Physicochemical and Nutritional Compositions. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014; 34:434-47. [PMID: 26761281 PMCID: PMC4662147 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the edible bovine by-products are widely used for human consumption in most countries worldwide but the scientific information regarding the nutritional quality of these by-products is scarce. In the present study, the basic information regarding the yields, physicochemical and nutritional compositions of edible Hanwoo bovine by-products was studied. Our results showed that the yields, physicochemical and nutritional composition widely varied between the by-products examined. The highest pH values were found in rumen, reticulum, omasum and reproductive organ. Heart, liver, kidney and spleen had the lowest CIE L* values and highest CIE a* values. Liver had the highest vitamin A, B2 and niacin contents whereas the highest B1 and B5 contents were found in kidney. The highest Ca content was found in rumen, reticulum, omasum, head and leg while the highest Mn and Fe contents were found in rumen, omasum and spleen, respectively. Liver had the highest Cu content. Total essential amino acids (EAA)/amino acids (AA) ratios ranged between the by-products from 38.37% to 47.41%. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels ranged between the by-products from 2.26% to 26.47%, and most by-products showed favorable PUFA/SFA ratios. It is concluded that most of by-products examined are good sources of essential nutrients and these data will be of great importance for promotion of consumption and utilization of beef by-products in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hoa Van Ba
- Corresponding author: Hoa Van Ba, Animal Products and Processing Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon 441-706, Korea. Tel: +82-31-290-1699, Fax: +82-31-290-1697, E-mail:
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15
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Seong PN, Park KM, Cho SH, Kang SM, Kang GH, Park BY, Moon SS, Ba HV. Characterization of Edible Pork By-products by Means of Yield and Nutritional Composition. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014; 34:297-306. [PMID: 26761170 PMCID: PMC4597865 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic information regarding the yield and nutritional composition of edible pork by-products, namely heart, liver, lung, stomach, spleen, uterus, pancreas, and small and large intestines, was studied. Our results revealed that the yields varied widely among the pork by-products examined; in particular, liver had the highest yield (1.35%); whereas, spleen had the lowest yield (0.16%). The approximate composition range (minimum to maximum) of these by-products was found to be: moisture 71.59-82.48%; fat 0.28-19.54%; ash 0.155-1.34%, and protein 8.45-22.05%. The highest protein, vitamin A, B2, B6, and total essential amino acid (EAA) contents were found in liver. Large intestine had the highest fat content and lowest EAA content. Heart had the highest vitamin B1 content, whereas pancreas had the highest niacin and vitamin B3 contents. The concentrations of Fe and Zn were highest in liver and pancreas. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA) levels and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels between the by-products ranged from 43.15-50.48%, and 14.92-30.16%, respectively. Furthermore, with the exception of large intestine, all the by-products showed favorable PUFA/SFA ratios. The study indicated that almost all of the pork by-products examined were good sources of important nutrients, and that these data will be of great importance in the promotion of the consumption of edible pork by-products, as well as their utilization in meat processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Nam Seong
- Corresponding author: Pil Nam Seong, Animal Products and Processing Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon 441-706, Korea. Tel: +82-31-290-1699, Fax: +82-31-290-1697, E-mail:
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16
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Szterk A, Waszkiewicz-Robak B. Influence of selected quality factors of beef on the profile and the quantity of heterocyclic aromatic amines during processing at high temperature. Meat Sci 2014; 96:1177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Effect of including linseed in a concentrate fed to young bulls on intramuscular fatty acids and beef color. Meat Sci 2014; 96:1258-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Yoon JH, Won JI, Lee KS, Kim JB, Lee JK. Estimation of Resonable Market Month of Age for Hanwoo Steer. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2013.55.5.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Lee SC, Choi HH, Shin JS, Kim KH, Oh YK, Cheon DW. Carcass Characteristics and Profitability Analysis Based on Slaughter Age of Hanwoo Steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2013.55.4.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Evaluation of sensory quality of calf chops: A new methodological approach. Meat Sci 2013; 94:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Lee JM, Choe JH, Jin HJ, Kim TI, Park BY, Hwang DY, Koh KC, Kim CJ, Hwang KS. Effect of Marbling Score on Carcass Grade Factors, Physico-chemical and Sensory Traits of M. Longissimus Dorsi in Hanwoo. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2012. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2012.32.5.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Update on the state of play of Animal Health and Welfare and Environmental Impact of Animals derived from SCNT Cloning and their Offspring, and Food Safety of Products Obtained from those Animals. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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