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Gómez-Vaquero C, Domínguez-Álvaro M, Seoane-Mato D, Bernal PP, Castañeda S, Kanterewicz Binstock E, Mazzucchelli Esteban R, Arboleya Rodríguez L, Bernard M, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Correa B, Jiménez Liñán LM, Mateo Pascual C, Molina Del Rio MM, Retamal Ortiz M, López Laguna AF, Molera Valero R, Alvar Pariente S, Pascual-Vergara A, Arias Senso A, Pérez Gutiérrez N, García Frías S, Bouza Alvárez D, Sostrés S, Suárez Hernandez D, Zamora Casal A, García Ramírez C, González-Dávila E. An update in bone mineral density status in Spain: the OsteoSER study. Arch Osteoporos 2025; 20:37. [PMID: 40055298 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-025-01520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/13/2025]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) reference data for the Spanish population come from the Multicenter Research Project on Osteoporosis (MRPO) in 1989. The OsteoSER study updated Spanish BMD reference data, showing similarities with MRPO and NHANES III. Peak bone mass occurred at 20-39 years, positively associated with physical activity and negatively with smoking. Osteopenia affected 54.4%, and osteoporosis 10.7% of adults ≥ 50 years, with higher prevalence in women and increasing with age. PURPOSE This study aimed to estimate the distribution of BMD in lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip in the Spanish population aged ≥ 20 years and compare it with MRPO and NHANES III data. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a White Spanish population aged 20-80 years across 12 urban and rural municipalities. Participants were selected by primary care physicians based on inclusion criteria (stratified by sex, age, and BMI) and exclusion criteria (artifacts in BMD imaging in participants of all ages and conditions affecting bone density in younger participants). A vehicle with a Hologic® Horizon W densitometer traveled to each municipality. RESULTS A total of 1522 participants underwent densitometry (51.8% men). Peak bone mass is reached at ages 20-39 years in both sexes at all sites. BMD was positively associated with height, BMI, and physical activity and negatively with smoking (p < 0.05). The distribution of BMD by age and sex was comparable to MRPO and NHANES III. We found that 54.4% of postmenopausal women and men ≥ 50 years had osteopenia, while osteoporosis was observed in 10.7%, with higher prevalence in women (18.6% vs. 2.6%) and increasing with age. Using MRPO criteria, osteoporosis prevalence rose to 14.8%. CONCLUSION The BMD of the OsteoSER study population is similar to that of MRPO and NHANES III. Physical activity positively influences peak bone mass, while smoking has detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gómez-Vaquero
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Carrer de La Feixa Llarga, S/N, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Pilar Peris Bernal
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Bernard
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ma Mercedes Molina Del Rio
- Centro de Atención Primaria Viladecans Montbaig, Sant Climent de Llobregat, Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nuria Pérez Gutiérrez
- Centro de Atención Primaria Ramona Via I Pros, El Prat de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana Sostrés
- Centro de Atención Primaria Cap, El Prat de Llobregat, 17 de Setembre, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Enrique González-Dávila
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Estadística E Investigación Operativa, Universidad La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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