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Lopes-Luz L, Fogaça MBT, Bentivoglio-Silva BG, Saavedra DP, Alves LM, Franca LV, Crispim GJB, de Andrade IA, Ribeiro BM, Nagata T, Bührer-Sékula S. A novel highly specific biotinylated MAC-ELISA for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen IgM antibodies during the acute phase of COVID-19. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2893-2901. [PMID: 37930615 PMCID: PMC10689632 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19 in the acute phase is RT-qPCR. However, this molecular technique can yield false-negative results when nasopharyngeal swab collection is not conducted during viremia. To mitigate this challenge, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identifies anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies in the initial weeks after symptom onset, facilitating early COVID-19 diagnosis. This study introduces a novel and highly specific IgM antibody capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA), which utilizes biotinylated recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen produced in plants. Our biotinylated approach streamlines the procedure by eliminating the requirement for an anti-N-conjugated antibody, circumventing the need for peroxidase-labeled antigens, and preventing cross-reactivity with IgM autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor. Performance evaluation of the assay involved assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy using 682 RT-qPCR-positive samples, categorized by weeks relative to symptoms onset. Negative controls included 205 pre-pandemic serum samples and 46 serum samples from patients diagnosed with other diseases. Based on a cut-off of 0.087 and ROC curve analysis, the highest sensitivity of 81.2% was observed in the 8-14 days post-symptom (dps) group (2nd week), followed by sensitivities of 73.8% and 68.37% for the 1-7 dps (1st week) and 15-21 dps groups (3rd week), respectively. Specificity was consistently 100% across all groups. This newly developed biotinylated N-MAC-ELISA offers a more streamlined and cost-effective alternative to molecular diagnostics. It enables simultaneous testing of multiple samples and effectively identifies individuals with false-negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Matheus Bernardes Torres Fogaça
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | | | - Djairo Pastor Saavedra
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Luana Michele Alves
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Luísa Valério Franca
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ikaro Alves de Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil.
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil.
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Morales-Núñez JJ, Muñoz-Valle JF, Meza-López C, Wang LF, Machado Sulbarán AC, Torres-Hernández PC, Bedolla-Barajas M, De la O-Gómez B, Balcázar-Félix P, Hernández-Bello J. Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:742. [PMID: 34358158 PMCID: PMC8310237 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The main expected result of a vaccine against viruses is the ability to produce neutralizing antibodies. Currently, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being applied to prevent mortal complications, being Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) one of the first to be authorized in the USA and Mexico (11 December 2020). This study evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine on antibody production with neutralizing capacity and its side effects in healthcare workers with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and in a group of unvaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19. The main findings are the production of 100% neutralizing antibodies in both groups after the second dose, well-tolerated adverse effects, the possible presence of immunosenescence, and finally, we support that a single dose of this vaccine in individuals with prior COVID-19 would be sufficient to achieve an immunization comparable to people without prior COVID-19 with a complete vaccination program (2 doses).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Morales-Núñez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Meza-López
- Pediatric Service, Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programmed in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Andrea Carolina Machado Sulbarán
- Institute for Research on Cancer in Childhood and Adolescence, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Paola Carolina Torres-Hernández
- Immunology Laboratory, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (P.C.T.-H.); (P.B.-F.)
| | - Martín Bedolla-Barajas
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Brenda De la O-Gómez
- University Center for Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Paulina Balcázar-Félix
- Immunology Laboratory, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (P.C.T.-H.); (P.B.-F.)
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
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