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Trayanova NA, Lyon A, Shade J, Heijman J. Computational modeling of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis: toward clinical translation. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1265-1333. [PMID: 38153307 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of cardiac electrophysiology, involving dynamic changes in numerous components across multiple spatial (from ion channel to organ) and temporal (from milliseconds to days) scales, makes an intuitive or empirical analysis of cardiac arrhythmogenesis challenging. Multiscale mechanistic computational models of cardiac electrophysiology provide precise control over individual parameters, and their reproducibility enables a thorough assessment of arrhythmia mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of models of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias, from the single cell to the organ level, and how they can be leveraged to better understand rhythm disorders in cardiac disease and to improve heart patient care. Key issues related to model development based on experimental data are discussed, and major families of human cardiomyocyte models and their applications are highlighted. An overview of organ-level computational modeling of cardiac electrophysiology and its clinical applications in personalized arrhythmia risk assessment and patient-specific therapy of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias is provided. The advancements presented here highlight how patient-specific computational models of the heart reconstructed from patient data have achieved success in predicting risk of sudden cardiac death and guiding optimal treatments of heart rhythm disorders. Finally, an outlook toward potential future advances, including the combination of mechanistic modeling and machine learning/artificial intelligence, is provided. As the field of cardiology is embarking on a journey toward precision medicine, personalized modeling of the heart is expected to become a key technology to guide pharmaceutical therapy, deployment of devices, and surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Trayanova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Aurore Lyon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Shade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Qian S, Ugurlu D, Fairweather E, Strocchi M, Toso LD, Deng Y, Plank G, Vigmond E, Razavi R, Young A, Lamata P, Bishop M, Niederer S. Developing Cardiac Digital Twins at Scale: Insights from Personalised Myocardial Conduction Velocity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.12.05.23299435. [PMID: 38106072 PMCID: PMC10723499 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.23299435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Large-cohort studies using cardiovascular imaging and diagnostic datasets have assessed cardiac anatomy, function, and outcomes, but typically do not reveal underlying biological mechanisms. Cardiac digital twins (CDTs) provide personalized physics- and physiology-constrained in-silico representations, enabling inference of multi-scale properties tied to these mechanisms. We constructed 3464 anatomically-accurate CDTs using cardiac magnetic resonance images from UK biobank and personalised their myocardial conduction velocities (CVs) from electrocardiograms (ECG), through an automated framework. We found well-known sex-specific differences in QRS duration were fully explained by myocardial anatomy, as CV remained consistent across sexes. Conversely, significant associations of CV with ageing and increased BMI suggest myocardial tissue remodelling. Novel associations were observed with left ventricular ejection fraction and mental-health phenotypes, through a phenome-wide association study, and CV was also linked with adverse clinical outcomes. Our study highlights the utility of population-based CDTs in assessing intersubject variability and uncovering strong links with mental health.
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3
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Fractional Modeling Applied to the Dynamics of the Action Potential in Cardiac Tissue. FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract6030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigate a class of fractional time-partial differential equations describing the dynamics of the fast action potential process in contractile myocytes. The system is explored in both one and two dimensional cases. Homogeneous and nonhomogeneous solutions are derived. We also numerically simulate some of the proposed fractional solutions to provide a different modeling perspective on distinct phases of cardiac membrane potential. Results indicate that the fractional diffusion-wave equation may be employed to model membrane potential dynamics with the fractional order working as an extra asset to modulate electricity conduction, particularly for lower fractional order values.
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4
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Madan N, Lucas J, Akhter N, Collier P, Cheng F, Guha A, Zhang L, Sharma A, Hamid A, Ndiokho I, Wen E, Garster NC, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Brown SA. Artificial intelligence and imaging: Opportunities in cardio-oncology. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 15:100126. [PMID: 35693323 PMCID: PMC9187287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in cancer survivors. It is critical to apply new predictive and early diagnostic methods in this population, as this can potentially inform cardiovascular treatment and surveillance decision-making. We discuss the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to cardiovascular imaging in cardio-oncology, with a particular emphasis on prevention and targeted treatment of a variety of cardiovascular conditions in cancer patients. Recently, the use of AI-augmented cardiac imaging in cardio-oncology is gaining traction. A large proportion of cardio-oncology patients are screened and followed using left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), currently obtained using echocardiography. This use will continue to increase with new cardiotoxic cancer treatments. AI is being tested to increase precision, throughput, and accuracy of LVEF and GLS, guide point-of-care image acquisition, and integrate imaging and clinical data to optimize the prediction and detection of cardiac dysfunction. The application of AI to cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), computed tomography (CT; especially coronary artery calcium or CAC scans), single proton emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging acquisition is also in early stages of analysis for prediction and assessment of cardiac tumors and cardiovascular adverse events in patients treated for childhood or adult cancer. The opportunities for application of AI in cardio-oncology imaging are promising, and if availed, will improve clinical practice and benefit patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Madan
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nausheen Akhter
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick Collier
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Avirup Guha
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Imeh Ndiokho
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ethan Wen
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Noelle C. Garster
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Sherry-Ann Brown
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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5
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Meister F, Passerini T, Audigier C, Lluch È, Mihalef V, Ashikaga H, Maier A, Halperin H, Mansi T. Extrapolation of Ventricular Activation Times From Sparse Electroanatomical Data Using Graph Convolutional Neural Networks. Front Physiol 2021; 12:694869. [PMID: 34733172 PMCID: PMC8558498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroanatomic mapping is the gold standard for the assessment of ventricular tachycardia. Acquiring high resolution electroanatomic maps is technically challenging and may require interpolation methods to obtain dense measurements. These methods, however, cannot recover activation times in the entire biventricular domain. This work investigates the use of graph convolutional neural networks to estimate biventricular activation times from sparse measurements. Our method is trained on more than 15,000 synthetic examples of realistic ventricular depolarization patterns generated by a computational electrophysiology model. Using geometries sampled from a statistical shape model of biventricular anatomy, diverse wave dynamics are induced by randomly sampling scar and border zone distributions, locations of initial activation, and tissue conduction velocities. Once trained, the method accurately reconstructs biventricular activation times in left-out synthetic simulations with a mean absolute error of 3.9 ms ± 4.2 ms at a sampling density of one measurement sample per cm2. The total activation time is matched with a mean error of 1.4 ms ± 1.4 ms. A significant decrease in errors is observed in all heart zones with an increased number of samples. Without re-training, the network is further evaluated on two datasets: (1) an in-house dataset comprising four ischemic porcine hearts with dense endocardial activation maps; (2) the CRT-EPIGGY19 challenge data comprising endo- and epicardial measurements of 5 infarcted and 6 non-infarcted swines. In both setups the neural network recovers biventricular activation times with a mean absolute error of less than 10 ms even when providing only a subset of endocardial measurements as input. Furthermore, we present a simple approach to suggest new measurement locations in real-time based on the estimated uncertainty of the graph network predictions. The model-guided selection of measurement locations allows to reduce by 40% the number of measurements required in a random sampling strategy, while achieving the same prediction error. In all the tested scenarios, the proposed approach estimates biventricular activation times with comparable or better performance than a personalized computational model and significant runtime advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Meister
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tiziano Passerini
- Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Chloé Audigier
- Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Èric Lluch
- Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viorel Mihalef
- Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Hiroshi Ashikaga
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry Halperin
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tommaso Mansi
- Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ, United States
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6
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Pezzuto S, Prinzen FW, Potse M, Maffessanti F, Regoli F, Caputo ML, Conte G, Krause R, Auricchio A. Reconstruction of three-dimensional biventricular activation based on the 12-lead electrocardiogram via patient-specific modelling. Europace 2021; 23:640-647. [PMID: 33241411 PMCID: PMC8025079 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Non-invasive imaging of electrical activation requires high-density body surface potential mapping. The nine electrodes of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) are insufficient for a reliable reconstruction with standard inverse methods. Patient-specific modelling may offer an alternative route to physiologically constraint the reconstruction. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of reconstructing the fully 3D electrical activation map of the ventricles from the 12-lead ECG and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods and results Ventricular activation was estimated by iteratively optimizing the parameters (conduction velocity and sites of earliest activation) of a patient-specific model to fit the simulated to the recorded ECG. Chest and cardiac anatomy of 11 patients (QRS duration 126–180 ms, documented scar in two) were segmented from CMR images. Scar presence was assessed by magnetic resonance (MR) contrast enhancement. Activation sequences were modelled with a physiologically based propagation model and ECGs with lead field theory. Validation was performed by comparing reconstructed activation maps with those acquired by invasive electroanatomical mapping of coronary sinus/veins (CS) and right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) endocardium. The QRS complex was correctly reproduced by the model (Pearson’s correlation r = 0.923). Reconstructions accurately located the earliest and latest activated LV regions (median barycentre distance 8.2 mm, IQR 8.8 mm). Correlation of simulated with recorded activation time was very good at LV endocardium (r = 0.83) and good at CS (r = 0.68) and RV endocardium (r = 0.58). Conclusion Non-invasive assessment of biventricular 3D activation using the 12-lead ECG and MR imaging is feasible. Potential applications include patient-specific modelling and pre-/per-procedural evaluation of ventricular activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pezzuto
- Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Frits W Prinzen
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Potse
- University of Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, Talence, France.,CARMEN Research Team, Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Talence, France.,IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac, France
| | - Francesco Maffessanti
- Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - François Regoli
- Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland.,Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria Luce Caputo
- Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland.,Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Conte
- Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland.,Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Krause
- Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Auricchio
- Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland.,Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
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7
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Camps J, Lawson B, Drovandi C, Minchole A, Wang ZJ, Grau V, Burrage K, Rodriguez B. Inference of ventricular activation properties from non-invasive electrocardiography. Med Image Anal 2021; 73:102143. [PMID: 34271532 PMCID: PMC8505755 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The realisation of precision cardiology requires novel techniques for the non-invasive characterisation of individual patients’ cardiac function to inform therapeutic and diagnostic decision-making. Both electrocardiography and imaging are used for the clinical diagnosis of cardiac disease. The integration of multi-modal datasets through advanced computational methods could enable the development of the cardiac ‘digital twin’, a comprehensive virtual tool that mechanistically reveals a patient's heart condition from clinical data and simulates treatment outcomes. The adoption of cardiac digital twins requires the non-invasive efficient personalisation of the electrophysiological properties in cardiac models. This study develops new computational techniques to estimate key ventricular activation properties for individual subjects by exploiting the synergy between non-invasive electrocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and modelling and simulation. More precisely, we present an efficient sequential Monte Carlo approximate Bayesian computation-based inference method, integrated with Eikonal simulations and torso-biventricular models constructed based on clinical CMR imaging. The method also includes a novel strategy to treat combined continuous (conduction speeds) and discrete (earliest activation sites) parameter spaces and an efficient dynamic time warping-based ECG comparison algorithm. We demonstrate results from our inference method on a cohort of twenty virtual subjects with cardiac ventricular myocardial-mass volumes ranging from 74 cm3 to 171 cm3 and considering low versus high resolution for the endocardial discretisation (which determines possible locations of the earliest activation sites). Results show that our method can successfully infer the ventricular activation properties in sinus rhythm from non-invasive epicardial activation time maps and ECG recordings, achieving higher accuracy for the endocardial speed and sheet (transmural) speed than for the fibre or sheet-normal directed speeds. Estimation of the ventricular speeds and earliest activation sites from ECG and CMR. Evaluation with twenty virtual subjects shows the effect of anatomical variability. Bayesian-inspired simultaneous estimation of continuous and discrete parameters. Efficient dynamic time warping-based comparison of electrocardiograms (ECG). Changing fibre and sheet-normal speed does not affect healthy activation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Camps
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Brodie Lawson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; QUT Centre for Data Science (CDS), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher Drovandi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia; QUT Centre for Data Science (CDS), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ana Minchole
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhinuo Jenny Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vicente Grau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Burrage
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hussain MA, Hamarneh G, Garbi R. Cascaded Regression Neural Nets for Kidney Localization and Segmentation-free Volume Estimation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:1555-1567. [PMID: 33606626 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3060465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney volume is an essential biomarker for a number of kidney disease diagnoses, for example, chronic kidney disease. Existing total kidney volume estimation methods often rely on an intermediate kidney segmentation step. On the other hand, automatic kidney localization in volumetric medical images is a critical step that often precedes subsequent data processing and analysis. Most current approaches perform kidney localization via an intermediate classification or regression step. This paper proposes an integrated deep learning approach for (i) kidney localization in computed tomography scans and (ii) segmentation-free renal volume estimation. Our localization method uses a selection-convolutional neural network that approximates the kidney inferior-superior span along the axial direction. Cross-sectional (2D) slices from the estimated span are subsequently used in a combined sagittal-axial Mask-RCNN that detects the organ bounding boxes on the axial and sagittal slices, the combination of which produces a final 3D organ bounding box. Furthermore, we use a fully convolutional network to estimate the kidney volume that skips the segmentation procedure. We also present a mathematical expression to approximate the 'volume error' metric from the 'Sørensen-Dice coefficient.' We accessed 100 patients' CT scans from the Vancouver General Hospital records and obtained 210 patients' CT scans from the 2019 Kidney Tumor Segmentation Challenge database to validate our method. Our method produces a kidney boundary wall localization error of ~2.4mm and a mean volume estimation error of ~5%.
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9
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Ushenin K, Kalinin V, Gitinova S, Sopov O, Solovyova O. Parameter variations in personalized electrophysiological models of human heart ventricles. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249062. [PMID: 33909606 PMCID: PMC8081243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of personalized numerical simulations of the electrical activity in human ventricles by comparing simulated electrocardiograms (ECGs) with real patients’ ECGs and analyzing the sensitivity of the model output to variations in the model parameters. We used standard 12-lead ECGs and up to 224 unipolar body-surface ECGs to record three patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices and three patients with focal ventricular tachycardia. Patient-tailored geometrical models of the ventricles, atria, large vessels, liver, and spine were created using computed tomography data. Ten cases of focal ventricular activation were simulated using the bidomain model and the TNNP 2006 cellular model. The population-based values of electrical conductivities and other model parameters were used for accuracy analysis, and their variations were used for sensitivity analysis. The mean correlation coefficient between the simulated and real ECGs varied significantly (from r = 0.29 to r = 0.86) among the simulated cases. A strong mean correlation (r > 0.7) was found in eight of the ten model cases. The accuracy of the ECG simulation varied widely in the same patient depending on the localization of the excitation origin. The sensitivity analysis revealed that variations in the anisotropy ratio, blood conductivity, and cellular apicobasal heterogeneity had the strongest influence on transmembrane potential, while variation in lung conductivity had the greatest influence on body-surface ECGs. Futhermore, the anisotropy ratio predominantly affected the latest activation time and repolarization time dispersion, while the cellular apicobasal heterogeneity mainly affected the dispersion of action potential duration, and variation in lung conductivity mainly led to changes in the amplitudes of ECGs and cardiac electrograms. We also found that the effects of certain parameter variations had specific regional patterns on the cardiac and body surfaces. These observations are useful for further developing personalized cardiac models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Ushenin
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Sukaynat Gitinova
- Department of Surgical Treatment of Tachyarrhythmias, A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Sopov
- Department of Surgical Treatment of Tachyarrhythmias, A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Solovyova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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10
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A Framework for the generation of digital twins of cardiac electrophysiology from clinical 12-leads ECGs. Med Image Anal 2021; 71:102080. [PMID: 33975097 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac digital twins (Cardiac Digital Twin (CDT)s) of human electrophysiology (Electrophysiology (EP)) are digital replicas of patient hearts derived from clinical data that match like-for-like all available clinical observations. Due to their inherent predictive potential, CDTs show high promise as a complementary modality aiding in clinical decision making and also in the cost-effective, safe and ethical testing of novel EP device therapies. However, current workflows for both the anatomical and functional twinning phases within CDT generation, referring to the inference of model anatomy and parameters from clinical data, are not sufficiently efficient, robust and accurate for advanced clinical and industrial applications. Our study addresses three primary limitations impeding the routine generation of high-fidelity CDTs by introducing; a comprehensive parameter vector encapsulating all factors relating to the ventricular EP; an abstract reference frame within the model allowing the unattended manipulation of model parameter fields; a novel fast-forward electrocardiogram (Electrocardiogram (ECG)) model for efficient and bio-physically-detailed simulation required for parameter inference. A novel workflow for the generation of CDTs is then introduced as an initial proof of concept. Anatomical twinning was performed within a reasonable time compatible with clinical workflows (<4h) for 12 subjects from clinically-attained magnetic resonance images. After assessment of the underlying fast forward ECG model against a gold standard bidomain ECG model, functional twinning of optimal parameters according to a clinically-attained 12 lead ECG was then performed using a forward Saltelli sampling approach for a single subject. The achieved results in terms of efficiency and fidelity demonstrate that our workflow is well-suited and viable for generating biophysically-detailed CDTs at scale.
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11
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Grandits T, Gillette K, Neic A, Bayer J, Vigmond E, Pock T, Plank G. An Inverse Eikonal Method for Identifying Ventricular Activation Sequences from Epicardial Activation Maps. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS 2020; 419:109700. [PMID: 32952215 PMCID: PMC7116090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A key mechanism controlling cardiac function is the electrical activation sequence of the heart's main pumping chambers termed the ventricles. As such, personalization of the ventricular activation sequences is of pivotal importance for the clinical utility of computational models of cardiac electrophysiology. However, a direct observation of the activation sequence throughout the ventricular volume is virtually impossible. In this study, we report on a novel method for identification of activation sequences from activation maps measured at the outer surface of the heart termed the epicardium. Conceptually, the method attempts to identify the key factors governing the ventricular activation sequence - the timing of earliest activation sites (EAS) and the velocity tensor field within the ventricular walls - from sparse and noisy activation maps sampled from the epicardial surface and fits an Eikonal model to the observations. Regularization methods are first investigated to overcome the severe ill-posedness of the inverse problem in a simplified 2D example. These methods are then employed in an anatomically accurate biventricular model with two realistic activation models of varying complexity - a simplified trifascicular model (3F) and a topologically realistic model of the His-Purkinje system (HPS). Using epicardial activation maps at full resolution, we first demonstrate that reconstructing the volumetric activation sequence is, in principle, feasible under the assumption of known location of EAS and later evaluate robustness of the method against noise and reduced spatial resolution of observations. Our results suggest that the FIMIN algorithm is able to robustly recover the full 3D activation sequence using epicardial activation maps at a spatial resolution achievable with current mapping systems and in the presence of noise. Comparing the accuracy achieved in the reconstructed activation maps with clinical data uncertainties suggests that the FIMIN method may be suitable for the patient- specific parameterization of activation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grandits
- Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology
- BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Karli Gillette
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz
- BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Aurel Neic
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz
| | - Jason Bayer
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux
| | - Edward Vigmond
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux
| | - Thomas Pock
- Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology
- BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Plank
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz
- BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
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12
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Niederer SA, Aboelkassem Y, Cantwell CD, Corrado C, Coveney S, Cherry EM, Delhaas T, Fenton FH, Panfilov AV, Pathmanathan P, Plank G, Riabiz M, Roney CH, dos Santos RW, Wang L. Creation and application of virtual patient cohorts of heart models. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190558. [PMID: 32448064 PMCID: PMC7287335 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Patient-specific cardiac models are now being used to guide therapies. The increased use of patient-specific cardiac simulations in clinical care will give rise to the development of virtual cohorts of cardiac models. These cohorts will allow cardiac simulations to capture and quantify inter-patient variability. However, the development of virtual cohorts of cardiac models will require the transformation of cardiac modelling from small numbers of bespoke models to robust and rapid workflows that can create large numbers of models. In this review, we describe the state of the art in virtual cohorts of cardiac models, the process of creating virtual cohorts of cardiac models, and how to generate the individual cohort member models, followed by a discussion of the potential and future applications of virtual cohorts of cardiac models. This article is part of the theme issue 'Uncertainty quantification in cardiac and cardiovascular modelling and simulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - E. M. Cherry
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T. Delhaas
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - F. H. Fenton
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A. V. Panfilov
- Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - P. Pathmanathan
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - G. Plank
- Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - L. Wang
- Rochester Institute of Technology, La JollaRochester, NY, USA
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13
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Trayanova NA, Doshi AN, Prakosa A. How personalized heart modeling can help treatment of lethal arrhythmias: A focus on ventricular tachycardia ablation strategies in post-infarction patients. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1477. [PMID: 31917524 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Precision Cardiology is a targeted strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment that accounts for individual variability. Computational heart modeling is one of the novel approaches that have been developed under the umbrella of Precision Cardiology. Personalized computational modeling of patient hearts has made strides in the development of models that incorporate the individual geometry and structure of the heart as well as other patient-specific information. Of these developments, one of the potentially most impactful is the research aimed at noninvasively predicting the targets of ablation of lethal arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia (VT), using patient-specific models. The approach has been successfully applied to patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy in proof-of-concept studies. The goal of this paper is to review the strategies for computational VT ablation guidance in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients, from model developments to the intricacies of the actual clinical application. To provide context in describing the road these computational modeling applications have undertaken, we first review the state of the art in VT ablation in the clinic, emphasizing the benefits that personalized computational prediction of ablation targets could bring to the clinical electrophysiology practice. This article is characterized under: Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Trayanova
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashish N Doshi
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adityo Prakosa
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Kunisch K, Neic A, Plank G, Trautmann P. Inverse localization of earliest cardiac activation sites from activation maps based on the viscous Eikonal equation. J Math Biol 2019; 79:2033-2068. [PMID: 31473798 PMCID: PMC6858910 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-019-01419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study we propose a novel method for identifying the locations of earliest activation in the human left ventricle from activation maps measured at the epicardial surface. Electrical activation is modeled based on the viscous Eikonal equation. The sites of earliest activation are identified by solving a minimization problem. Arbitrary initial locations are assumed, which are then modified based on a shape derivative based perturbation field until a minimal mismatch between the computed and the given activation maps on the epicardial surface is achieved. The proposed method is tested in two numerical benchmarks, a generic 2D unit-square benchmark, and an anatomically accurate MRI-derived 3D human left ventricle benchmark to demonstrate potential utility in a clinical context. For unperturbed input data, our localization method is able to accurately reconstruct the earliest activation sites in both benchmarks with deviations of only a fraction of the used spatial discretization size. Further, with the quality of the input data reduced by spatial undersampling and addition of noise, we demonstrate that an accurate identification of the sites of earliest activation is still feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurel Neic
- , Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
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15
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Seetharam K, Shrestha S, Sengupta PP. Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2019; 21:25. [PMID: 31089906 PMCID: PMC7561035 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The ripples of artificial intelligence are being felt in various sectors of human life. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, extracts information from large databases of information and is gaining traction in various fields of cardiology. In this review, we highlight noteworthy examples of machine learning utilization in echocardiography, nuclear cardiology, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging over the past year. RECENT FINDINGS In the past year, machine learning (ML) has expanded its boundaries in cardiology with several positive results. Some studies have integrated clinical and imaging information to further augment the accuracy of these ML algorithms. All the studies mentioned in this review have clearly demonstrated superior results of ML in relation to conventional approaches for identifying obstructions or predicting major adverse events in reference to conventional approaches. As the influx of data arriving from gradually evolving technologies in health care and wearable devices continues to be more complex, ML may serve as the bridge to transcend the gap between health care and patients in the future. In order to facilitate a seamless transition between both, a few issues must be resolved for a successful implementation of ML in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Seetharam
- WVU Heart & Vascular Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Sirish Shrestha
- WVU Heart & Vascular Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Partho P Sengupta
- WVU Heart & Vascular Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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16
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Dey D, Slomka PJ, Leeson P, Comaniciu D, Shrestha S, Sengupta PP, Marwick TH. Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Imaging: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:1317-1335. [PMID: 30898208 PMCID: PMC6474254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data science is likely to lead to major changes in cardiovascular imaging. Problems with timing, efficiency, and missed diagnoses occur at all stages of the imaging chain. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is dependent on robust data; the application of appropriate computational approaches and tools; and validation of its clinical application to image segmentation, automated measurements, and eventually, automated diagnosis. AI may reduce cost and improve value at the stages of image acquisition, interpretation, and decision-making. Moreover, the precision now possible with cardiovascular imaging, combined with "big data" from the electronic health record and pathology, is likely to better characterize disease and personalize therapy. This review summarizes recent promising applications of AI in cardiology and cardiac imaging, which potentially add value to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Dey
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sirish Shrestha
- Section of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Partho P Sengupta
- Section of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Thomas H Marwick
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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17
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Evaluation of multivariate adaptive non-parametric reduced-order model for solving the inverse electrocardiography problem: a simulation study. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:967-993. [PMID: 30506117 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the inverse electrocardiography (ECG) problem, the goal is to reconstruct the heart's electrical activity from multichannel body surface potentials and a mathematical model of the torso. Over the years, researchers have employed various approaches to solve this ill-posed problem including regularization, optimization, and statistical estimation. It is still a topic of interest especially for researchers and clinicians whose goal is to adopt this technique in clinical applications. Among the wide range of mathematical tools available in the fields of operational research, inverse problems, optimization, and parameter estimation, spline-based techniques have been applied to inverse problems in several areas. If proper spline bases are chosen, the complexity of the problem can be significantly reduced while increasing estimation accuracy. However, there are few studies within the context of the inverse ECG problem that take advantage of this property of the spline-based approaches. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS)-based method for the solution of the inverse ECG problem using two different collections of simulated data. The results show that the MARS-based method improves the inverse ECG solutions and is "robust" to modeling errors, especially in terms of localizing the arrhythmia sources. Graphical Abstract Multivariate adaptive non-parametric model for inverse ECG problem.
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18
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Kirn B, Walmsley J, Lumens J. Uniqueness of local myocardial strain patterns with respect to activation time and contractility of the failing heart: a computational study. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:182. [PMID: 30518387 PMCID: PMC6280493 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial deformation measured by strain is used to detect electro-mechanical abnormalities in cardiac tissue. Estimation of myocardial properties from regional strain patterns when multiple pathologies are present is therefore a promising application of computer modelling. However, if different tissue properties lead to indistinguishable strain patterns (‘degeneracy’), the applicability of any such method will be limited. We investigated whether estimation of local activation time (AT) and contractility from myocardial strain patterns is theoretically possible. Methods For four different global cardiac pathologies local myocardial strain patterns for 1025 combinations of AT and contractility were simulated with a computational model (CircAdapt). For each strain pattern, a cohort of similar patterns was found within estimated measurement error using the sum of least-squared differences. Cohort members came from (1) the same pathology only, and (2) all four pathologies. Uncertainty was calculated as accuracy and precision of cohort members in parameter space. Connectedness within the cohorts was also studied. Results We found that cohorts drawn from one pathology had parameters with adjacent values although their distribution was neither constant nor symmetrical. In comparison cohorts drawn from four pathologies had disconnected components with drastically different parameter values and accuracy and precision values up to three times higher. Conclusions Global pathology must be known when extracting AT and contractility from strain patterns, otherwise degeneracy occurs causing unacceptable uncertainty in derived parameters. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12938-018-0614-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Kirn
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - John Walmsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Gray RA, Pathmanathan P. Patient-Specific Cardiovascular Computational Modeling: Diversity of Personalization and Challenges. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:80-88. [PMID: 29512059 PMCID: PMC5908828 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patient-specific computer models have been developed representing a variety of aspects of the cardiovascular system spanning the disciplines of electrophysiology, electromechanics, solid mechanics, and fluid dynamics. These physiological mechanistic models predict macroscopic phenomena such as electrical impulse propagation and contraction throughout the entire heart as well as flow and pressure dynamics occurring in the ventricular chambers, aorta, and coronary arteries during each heartbeat. Such models have been used to study a variety of clinical scenarios including aortic aneurysms, coronary stenosis, cardiac valvular disease, left ventricular assist devices, cardiac resynchronization therapy, ablation therapy, and risk stratification. After decades of research, these models are beginning to be incorporated into clinical practice directly via marketed devices and indirectly by improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of health and disease within a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Gray
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
- , Silver Spring, USA.
| | - Pras Pathmanathan
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
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20
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Augustin CM, Crozier A, Neic A, Prassl AJ, Karabelas E, Ferreira da Silva T, Fernandes JF, Campos F, Kuehne T, Plank G. Patient-specific modeling of left ventricular electromechanics as a driver for haemodynamic analysis. Europace 2017; 18:iv121-iv129. [PMID: 28011839 PMCID: PMC5386137 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Models of blood flow in the left ventricle (LV) and aorta are an important tool for analysing the interplay between LV deformation and flow patterns. Typically, image-based kinematic models describing endocardial motion are used as an input to blood flow simulations. While such models are suitable for analysing the hemodynamic status quo, they are limited in predicting the response to interventions that alter afterload conditions. Mechano-fluidic models using biophysically detailed electromechanical (EM) models have the potential to overcome this limitation, but are more costly to build and compute. We report our recent advancements in developing an automated workflow for the creation of such CFD ready kinematic models to serve as drivers of blood flow simulations. Methods and results EM models of the LV and aortic root were created for four pediatric patients treated for either aortic coarctation or aortic valve disease. Using MRI, ECG and invasive pressure recordings, anatomy as well as electrophysiological, mechanical and circulatory model components were personalized. Results The implemented modeling pipeline was highly automated and allowed model construction and execution of simulations of a patient’s heartbeat within 1 day. All models reproduced clinical data with acceptable accuracy. Conclusion Using the developed modeling workflow, the use of EM LV models as driver of fluid flow simulations is becoming feasible. While EM models are costly to construct, they constitute an important and nontrivial step towards fully coupled electro-mechano-fluidic (EMF) models and show promise as a tool for predicting the response to interventions which affect afterload conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Augustin
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, 5126 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Crozier
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aurel Neic
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton J Prassl
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elias Karabelas
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tiago Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joao F Fernandes
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando Campos
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Titus Kuehne
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gernot Plank
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
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21
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Zhen X, Zhang H, Islam A, Bhaduri M, Chan I, Li S. Direct and simultaneous estimation of cardiac four chamber volumes by multioutput sparse regression. Med Image Anal 2017; 36:184-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Estimation of Purkinje Activation from ECG: An Intermittent Left Bundle Branch Block Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52718-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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23
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Chen JY, Lin KH, Chang KC, Chou CY. The Shortest QRS Duration of an Electrocardiogram Might Be an Optimal Electrocardiographic Predictor for Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Int Heart J 2017; 58:530-535. [PMID: 28701672 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Yow Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Kuo-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Che-Yi Chou
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
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24
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Giffard-Roisin S, Jackson T, Fovargue L, Lee J, Delingette H, Razavi R, Ayache N, Sermesant M. Noninvasive Personalization of a Cardiac Electrophysiology Model From Body Surface Potential Mapping. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 64:2206-2218. [PMID: 28113292 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2629849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
GOAL We use noninvasive data (body surface potential mapping, BSPM) to personalize the main parameters of a cardiac electrophysiological (EP) model for predicting the response to different pacing conditions. METHODS First, an efficient forward model is proposed, coupling the Mitchell-Schaeffer transmembrane potential model with a current dipole formulation. Then, we estimate the main parameters of the cardiac model: activation onset location and tissue conductivity. A large patient-specific database of simulated BSPM is generated, from which specific features are extracted to train a machine learning algorithm. The activation onset location is computed from a Kernel Ridge Regression and a second regression calibrates the global ventricular conductivity. RESULTS The evaluation of the results is done both on a benchmark dataset of a patient with premature ventricular contraction (PVC) and on five nonischaemic implanted cardiac resynchonization therapy (CRT) patients with a total of 21 different pacing conditions. Good personalization results were found in terms of the activation onset location for the PVC (mean distance error, MDE = 20.3 mm), for the pacing sites (MDE = 21.7 mm) and for the CRT patients (MDE = 24.6 mm). We tested the predictive power of the personalized model for biventricular pacing and showed that we could predict the new electrical activity patterns with a good accuracy in terms of BSPM signals. CONCLUSION We have personalized the cardiac EP model and predicted new patient-specific pacing conditions. SIGNIFICANCE This is an encouraging first step towards a noninvasive preoperative prediction of the response to different pacing conditions to assist clinicians for CRT patient selection and therapy planning.
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25
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Comaniciu D, Engel K, Georgescu B, Mansi T. Shaping the future through innovations: From medical imaging to precision medicine. Med Image Anal 2016; 33:19-26. [PMID: 27349829 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Medical images constitute a source of information essential for disease diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. In addition, due to its patient-specific nature, imaging information represents a critical component required for advancing precision medicine into clinical practice. This manuscript describes recently developed technologies for better handling of image information: photorealistic visualization of medical images with Cinematic Rendering, artificial agents for in-depth image understanding, support for minimally invasive procedures, and patient-specific computational models with enhanced predictive power. Throughout the manuscript we will analyze the capabilities of such technologies and extrapolate on their potential impact to advance the quality of medical care, while reducing its cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Comaniciu
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare Technology Center, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Klaus Engel
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare Technology Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bogdan Georgescu
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare Technology Center, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tommaso Mansi
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare Technology Center, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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26
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Multi-scale deep networks and regression forests for direct bi-ventricular volume estimation. Med Image Anal 2016; 30:120-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Neumann D, Mansi T, Itu L, Georgescu B, Kayvanpour E, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Amr A, Haas J, Katus H, Meder B, Steidl S, Hornegger J, Comaniciu D. A self-taught artificial agent for multi-physics computational model personalization. Med Image Anal 2016; 34:52-64. [PMID: 27133269 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Personalization is the process of fitting a model to patient data, a critical step towards application of multi-physics computational models in clinical practice. Designing robust personalization algorithms is often a tedious, time-consuming, model- and data-specific process. We propose to use artificial intelligence concepts to learn this task, inspired by how human experts manually perform it. The problem is reformulated in terms of reinforcement learning. In an off-line phase, Vito, our self-taught artificial agent, learns a representative decision process model through exploration of the computational model: it learns how the model behaves under change of parameters. The agent then automatically learns an optimal strategy for on-line personalization. The algorithm is model-independent; applying it to a new model requires only adjusting few hyper-parameters of the agent and defining the observations to match. The full knowledge of the model itself is not required. Vito was tested in a synthetic scenario, showing that it could learn how to optimize cost functions generically. Then Vito was applied to the inverse problem of cardiac electrophysiology and the personalization of a whole-body circulation model. The obtained results suggested that Vito could achieve equivalent, if not better goodness of fit than standard methods, while being more robust (up to 11% higher success rates) and with faster (up to seven times) convergence rate. Our artificial intelligence approach could thus make personalization algorithms generalizable and self-adaptable to any patient and any model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Neumann
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany; Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tommaso Mansi
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare, Princeton, USA
| | - Lucian Itu
- Siemens Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL, Brasov, Romania; Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Bogdan Georgescu
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare, Princeton, USA
| | - Elham Kayvanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ali Amr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steidl
- Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Dorin Comaniciu
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare, Princeton, USA
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28
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Chabiniok R, Wang VY, Hadjicharalambous M, Asner L, Lee J, Sermesant M, Kuhl E, Young AA, Moireau P, Nash MP, Chapelle D, Nordsletten DA. Multiphysics and multiscale modelling, data-model fusion and integration of organ physiology in the clinic: ventricular cardiac mechanics. Interface Focus 2016; 6:20150083. [PMID: 27051509 PMCID: PMC4759748 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2015.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With heart and cardiovascular diseases continually challenging healthcare systems worldwide, translating basic research on cardiac (patho)physiology into clinical care is essential. Exacerbating this already extensive challenge is the complexity of the heart, relying on its hierarchical structure and function to maintain cardiovascular flow. Computational modelling has been proposed and actively pursued as a tool for accelerating research and translation. Allowing exploration of the relationships between physics, multiscale mechanisms and function, computational modelling provides a platform for improving our understanding of the heart. Further integration of experimental and clinical data through data assimilation and parameter estimation techniques is bringing computational models closer to use in routine clinical practice. This article reviews developments in computational cardiac modelling and how their integration with medical imaging data is providing new pathways for translational cardiac modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Chabiniok
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Inria and Paris-Saclay University, Bâtiment Alan Turing, 1 rue Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Vicky Y. Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Myrianthi Hadjicharalambous
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Liya Asner
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jack Lee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Maxime Sermesant
- Inria, Asclepios team, 2004 route des Lucioles BP 93, Sophia Antipolis Cedex 06902, France
| | - Ellen Kuhl
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering, and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Durand 217, Stanford, CA 94306, USA
| | - Alistair A. Young
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philippe Moireau
- Inria and Paris-Saclay University, Bâtiment Alan Turing, 1 rue Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Martyn P. Nash
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dominique Chapelle
- Inria and Paris-Saclay University, Bâtiment Alan Turing, 1 rue Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - David A. Nordsletten
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Kayvanpour E, Mansi T, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Amr A, Neumann D, Georgescu B, Seegerer P, Kamen A, Haas J, Frese KS, Irawati M, Wirsz E, King V, Buss S, Mereles D, Zitron E, Keller A, Katus HA, Comaniciu D, Meder B. Towards Personalized Cardiology: Multi-Scale Modeling of the Failing Heart. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134869. [PMID: 26230546 PMCID: PMC4521877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite modern pharmacotherapy and advanced implantable cardiac devices, overall prognosis and quality of life of HF patients remain poor. This is in part due to insufficient patient stratification and lack of individualized therapy planning, resulting in less effective treatments and a significant number of non-responders. METHODS AND RESULTS State-of-the-art clinical phenotyping was acquired, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarker assessment. An individualized, multi-scale model of heart function covering cardiac anatomy, electrophysiology, biomechanics and hemodynamics was estimated using a robust framework. The model was computed on n=46 HF patients, showing for the first time that advanced multi-scale models can be fitted consistently on large cohorts. Novel multi-scale parameters derived from the model of all cases were analyzed and compared against clinical parameters, cardiac imaging, lab tests and survival scores to evaluate the explicative power of the model and its potential for better patient stratification. Model validation was pursued by comparing clinical parameters that were not used in the fitting process against model parameters. CONCLUSION This paper illustrates how advanced multi-scale models can complement cardiovascular imaging and how they could be applied in patient care. Based on obtained results, it becomes conceivable that, after thorough validation, such heart failure models could be applied for patient management and therapy planning in the future, as we illustrate in one patient of our cohort who received CRT-D implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kayvanpour
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Mansi
- Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Imaging and Computer Vision, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Amr
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Neumann
- Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Imaging and Computer Vision, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Georgescu
- Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Imaging and Computer Vision, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Philipp Seegerer
- Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Imaging and Computer Vision, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ali Kamen
- Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Imaging and Computer Vision, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen S. Frese
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Irawati
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emil Wirsz
- Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa King
- Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Sensor Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Buss
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Derliz Mereles
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edgar Zitron
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Biomarker Discovery Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
- Klaus Tschira Institute for Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorin Comaniciu
- Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Imaging and Computer Vision, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Germany
- Klaus Tschira Institute for Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Robust image-based estimation of cardiac tissue parameters and their uncertainty from noisy data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 17:9-16. [PMID: 25485357 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10470-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of computational cardiac models require precise personalization, i.e. fitting model parameters to capture patient's physiology. However, due to parameter non-identifiability, limited data, uncertainty in the clinical measurements, and modeling assumptions, various combinations of parameter values may exist that yield the same quality of fit. Hence, there is a need for quantifying the uncertainty in estimated parameters and to ascertain the uniqueness of the found solution. This paper presents a stochastic method to estimate the parameters of an image-based electromechanical model of the heart and their uncertainty due to noise in measurements. First, Bayesian inference is applied to fully estimate the posterior probability density function (PDF) of the model. To that end, Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling is used, which is made computationally tractable by employing a fast surrogate model based on Polynomial Chaos Expansion, instead of the true forward model. Then, we use the mean-shift algorithm to automatically find the modes of the PDF and select the most likely one while being robust to noise. The approach is used to estimate global active stress and passive stiffness from invasive pressure and image-based volume quantification. Experiments on eight patients showed that not only our approach yielded goodness of fits equivalent to a well-established deterministic method, but we could also demonstrate the non-uniqueness of the problem and report uncertainty estimates, crucial information for subsequent clinical assessments of the personalized models.
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31
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Seegerer P, Mansi T, Jolly MP, Neumann D, Georgescu B, Kamen A, Kayvanpour E, Amr A, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Haas J, Katus H, Meder B, Comaniciu D. Estimation of Regional Electrical Properties of the Heart from 12-Lead ECG and Images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14678-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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