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McCarthy MW. The first five years of SARS-CoV-2: inpatient treatment updates and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:1873-1878. [PMID: 39305134 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2408375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in adults with pneumonia in Wuhan, China. AREAS COVERED It is now believed that several billion humans have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and more than ten million have died from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. EXPERT OPINION The first five years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been marked by unfathomable suffering as well as remarkable scientific progress. This manuscript examines what has been learned about the treatment of inpatients with COVID-19 and explores how the therapeutic approach may evolve in the years ahead.
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Merson L, Duque S, Garcia-Gallo E, Yeabah TO, Rylance J, Diaz J, Flahault A, ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group. Optimising Clinical Epidemiology in Disease Outbreaks: Analysis of ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Case Report Form Utilisation. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:557-580. [PMID: 39311356 PMCID: PMC11417906 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Standardised forms for capturing clinical data promote consistency in data collection and analysis across research sites, enabling faster, higher-quality evidence generation. ISARIC and the World Health Organization have developed case report forms (CRFs) for the clinical characterisation of several infectious disease outbreaks. To improve the design and quality of future forms, we analysed the inclusion and completion rates of the 243 fields on the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 CRF. Data from 42 diverse collaborations, covering 1886 hospitals and 950,064 patients, were analysed. A mean of 129.6 fields (53%) were included in the adapted CRFs implemented across the sites. Consistent patterns of field inclusion and completion aligned with globally recognised research priorities in outbreaks of novel infectious diseases. Outcome status was the most highly included (95.2%) and completed (89.8%) field, followed by admission demographics (79.1% and 91.6%), comorbidities (77.9% and 79.0%), signs and symptoms (68.9% and 78.4%), and vitals (70.3% and 69.1%). Mean field completion was higher in severe patients (70.2%) than in all patients (61.6%). The results reveal how clinical characterisation CRFs can be streamlined to reduce data collection time, including the modularisation of CRFs, to offer a choice of data volume collection and the separation of critical care interventions. This data-driven approach to designing CRFs enhances the efficiency of data collection to inform patient care and public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Merson
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LF, UK; (S.D.); (E.G.-G.)
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Sara Duque
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LF, UK; (S.D.); (E.G.-G.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia 250001, Colombia
| | - Esteban Garcia-Gallo
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LF, UK; (S.D.); (E.G.-G.)
- Infectious Diseases Department, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia 250001, Colombia
| | | | - Jamie Rylance
- Health Emergencies Program, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Janet Diaz
- Health Emergencies Program, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
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Merson L, Duque S, Garcia-Gallo E, Yeabah TO, Rylance J, Diaz J, Flahault A, ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group. Optimising Clinical Epidemiology in Disease Outbreaks: Analysis of ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Case Report Form Utilisation. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:557-580. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Standardised forms for capturing clinical data promote consistency in data collection and analysis across research sites, enabling faster, higher-quality evidence generation. ISARIC and the World Health Organization have developed case report forms (CRFs) for the clinical characterisation of several infectious disease outbreaks. To improve the design and quality of future forms, we analysed the inclusion and completion rates of the 243 fields on the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 CRF. Data from 42 diverse collaborations, covering 1886 hospitals and 950,064 patients, were analysed. A mean of 129.6 fields (53%) were included in the adapted CRFs implemented across the sites. Consistent patterns of field inclusion and completion aligned with globally recognised research priorities in outbreaks of novel infectious diseases. Outcome status was the most highly included (95.2%) and completed (89.8%) field, followed by admission demographics (79.1% and 91.6%), comorbidities (77.9% and 79.0%), signs and symptoms (68.9% and 78.4%), and vitals (70.3% and 69.1%). Mean field completion was higher in severe patients (70.2%) than in all patients (61.6%). The results reveal how clinical characterisation CRFs can be streamlined to reduce data collection time, including the modularisation of CRFs, to offer a choice of data volume collection and the separation of critical care interventions. This data-driven approach to designing CRFs enhances the efficiency of data collection to inform patient care and public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Merson
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LF, UK
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Duque
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LF, UK
- Infectious Diseases Department, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia 250001, Colombia
| | - Esteban Garcia-Gallo
- ISARIC, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LF, UK
- Infectious Diseases Department, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia 250001, Colombia
| | | | - Jamie Rylance
- Health Emergencies Program, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Janet Diaz
- Health Emergencies Program, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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