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Pal-Bhowmick I, Nirmolia T, Pandey A, Subbarao SK, Nath A, Senapati S, Tripathy D, Pebam R, Nag S, Roy R, Dasgupta D, Debnath J, Gogoi K, Gogoi K, Borah L, Chanda R, Borgohain A, Mog C, Sarkar U, Gogoi P, Debnath B, Debbarma J, Ranjan Bhattacharya D, Joshi PL, Kaur H, Narain K. Reply to Deora et al. Multiplexing for Plasmodium spp.? Think Again! Comment on "Bhowmick et al. Dry Post Wintertime Mass Surveillance Unearths a Huge Burden of P. vivax, and Mixed Infection with P. vivaxP. falciparum, a Threat to Malaria Elimination, in Dhalai, Tripura, India. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1259". Pathogens 2022; 11:832. [PMID: 35894055 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Mirahmadi H, Shahrakipour A, Mehravaran A, Rahmati-Balaghaleh M, Zarean M, Etemadi S, Shahraki M, Solgi R. Evaluation of Multiplex/Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Malaria Diagnosis in Southeastern Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:841-845. [PMID: 35100562 PMCID: PMC8922511 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most serious health problems in many countries, including Iran. Accurate diagnosis is important regardless of the elimination status of a country. A cross-sectional study was performed on 105 people who were suspected to be positive for malaria infection in Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran. Blood smears (thin and thick films) were stained with 10% Giemsa. DNA was extracted from the prepared thin and thick films for molecular methods. Multiplex/nested polymerase chain reaction (mn-PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and light microscopy (LM) were compared with nested PCR (nPCR) as a gold standard. Of 105 subjects, 52 (49.5%), 58 (55.2%), 58 (55.2%), and 63 (60%) were positive for malaria by LM, nPCR, mn-PCR, and LAMP, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa were 92.1%, 100%, and 0.9 for LAMP and 100%, 100%, and 1 for mn-PCR, respectively. Eight cases of coinfection (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) that were not detected by LM method were diagnosed by mn-PCR and LAMP. In the present study, the high sensitivity and specificity of LAMP and mn-PCR indicate that these two tests are good alternatives to nPCR for malaria diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Azam Shahrakipour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehravaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mansour Rahmati-Balaghaleh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarean
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;,Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;,Address correspondence to Rahmat Solgi, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, E-mail: or Mehdi Zarean, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Soodabeh Etemadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahraki
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Rahmat Solgi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran;,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran,Address correspondence to Rahmat Solgi, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, E-mail: or Mehdi Zarean, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, E-mail:
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Mirahmadi H, Kazemipour N, Yazdiani A, Mehravaran A, Basseri HR, Mohammadi L, Alijani E. Investigation of LAMP Technique in Diagnosis Type of Plasmodium Species in Anopheles Mosquitoes :A Fast and Practical Technique to Detect Malaria Pathogens in the Field. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:743-752. [PMID: 34703173 PMCID: PMC8512941 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is one of the main parasitic diseases and a major health issue in some countries. This study aims to determine the rate and type of infections of Anopheles mosquitoes with malaria parasites using the molecular LAMP method in the Southeastern Iran. Methods In this study, 400 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by the Zahedan Medical Insecticide Center in Nikshahr City, a high-risk area of malaria transmission in Sistan-Baluchestan Province. The mosquitoes were caught manually (by hand) in domestic (humans and animals), natural, and artificial outdoor places (Shelter pits). After DNA extraction, the LAMP method was used, which was compared with Multiplex Nested-PCR as a standard method. Results Out of 400 samples collected from Nikshahr City, 6 samples (1.5%) were infected with Plasmodium vivax. No Plasmodium falciparum or a mix (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) was detected in this study. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that in places with transmission of both species, i.e. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, detection of malaria parasites by the LAMP method could be very useful in spotting infections in the field. Thus, molecular epidemiological studies could be conducted annually to monitor malaria in endemic regions. The results of this research show that contamination with mosquito malaria vectors is increasing in Nikshahr City, and it seems that more studies will be required to eliminate malaria until 2026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nadia Kazemipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Anis Yazdiani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehravaran
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Basseri
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alijani
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Kondrashin AV, Morozova LF, Stepanova EV, Turbabina NA, Maksimova MS, Morozov EN. On the epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax malaria: past and present with special reference to the former USSR. Malar J 2018; 17:346. [PMID: 30286752 PMCID: PMC6172834 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, many malaria-endemic countries in the world are transitioning towards malaria elimination. Out of the 105 countries with ongoing malaria transmission, 10 countries are classified as being in the pre-elimination phase of malaria control, and 9 countries are in the malaria elimination stage, whereas 7 countries are classified as being in the prevention of introduction phase. Between 2000 and 2015, 17 countries eliminated malaria (i.e., attained zero indigenous cases for 3 years or more). Seven countries were certified by the WHO as having successfully eliminated malaria. The purpose of this review was to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria during the various stages of malaria eradication (elimination) programmes in different countries in the past and present. Experiences of the republics of the former USSR with malaria are interesting, particularly since the data overwhelmingly were published in Russian and might not be known to western readers. Among the most important characteristics of Plasmodium vivax epidemiology at present are changes in the ratio of the short-incubation P. vivax to long-incubation P. vivax, the incidence of severe P. vivax cases, the increased numbers of asymptomatic P. vivax cases, the reduced response to anti-malarials and a few others. Various factors contributing towards the peculiarities of P. vivax epidemiology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Evgeny N Morozov
- Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
- Department of Tropical, Parasitic Diseases and Disinfectology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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