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Glória J, Oliveira DS, Gandarilla AD, Barcelay YR, Mariúba LA, Nogueira PA, Brito WR, Moreira FTC. Liquid Redox Probe-Free Plastic Antibody Development for Malaria Biomarker Recognition. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33130-33139. [PMID: 39100316 PMCID: PMC11292623 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health challenge worldwide and requires accurate and efficient diagnostic methods. Traditional diagnostic approaches based on antigen-antibody interactions are associated with ethical and economic concerns. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer a promising alternative by providing a complementary polymer structure capable of selectively binding target molecules. In this study, we developed a liquid, redox-probe-free, MIP-based electrochemical biosensor to detect the Plasmodium falciparum malaria marker histidine-rich protein (HRP2) at the point-of-care (PoC). The imprinting phase consists of the electropolymerization of the monomer methylene blue (MB) in the presence of the target protein HRP2 at the working electrode (WE) of the modified carbon screen printed electrode (C-SPE). Subsequent removal of the protein with proteinase K and oxalic acid yielded the MIP material. The sensor assembly was monitored by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analytical performance of the biosensor was evaluated by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) using calibration curves in buffer and serum with a detection limit of 0.43 ± 0.026 pg mL-1. Selectivity studies showed minimal interference, indicating a highly selective assay. Overall, our approach to detect the HRP2 infection marker offers simplicity, cost-effectiveness and reliability. In particular, the absence of a redox solution simplifies detection, as the polymer itself is electroactive and exhibits oxidation and reduction peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane
Corrêa Glória
- Programa
de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade
Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brazil
- Instituto
Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação
Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil
- Programa
de Pós-graduação em Biologia da Interação
Patógeno-Hospedeiro do Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane
(ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
(FIOCRUZ), Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Oliveira
- CIETI-LabRISE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Ariamna Dip Gandarilla
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brasil
- LABEL
− Central Analítica, Universidade
Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Yonny Romaguera Barcelay
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brasil
- CEMMPRE,
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima − Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis André
Morais Mariúba
- Programa
de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade
Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brazil
- Instituto
Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação
Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil
- Programa
de Pós-graduação em Biologia da Interação
Patógeno-Hospedeiro do Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane
(ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
(FIOCRUZ), Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil
- Programa
de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica
e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM 69067-00, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Nogueira
- Instituto
Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação
Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil
- Programa
de Pós-graduação em Biologia da Interação
Patógeno-Hospedeiro do Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane
(ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
(FIOCRUZ), Manaus, AM 69057-070, Brazil
- Programa
de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica
e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM 69067-00, Brazil
| | - Walter Ricardo Brito
- Programa
de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade
Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brazil
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brasil
- LABEL
− Central Analítica, Universidade
Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brazil
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Kuraeiad S, Kotepui KU, Masangkay FR, Mahittikorn A, Kotepui M. Association of uric acid levels with severity of Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14979. [PMID: 37697061 PMCID: PMC10495360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated uric acid (UA) levels have been reported in malaria patients and are particularly prominent in severe malaria cases. This study aims to synthesize the difference in UA levels between malaria patients and uninfected controls, and between patients with severe and non-severe malaria. A comprehensive literature search was carried out across databases such as Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated independently by two reviewers using the JBI critical appraisal tool for observational studies. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect sizes, expressed as Hedges' g, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Hedges' g was pooled using the random-effects model. An initial search yielding a total of 1122 articles, and a final total of 19 studies being included in the review. Elevated UA levels were observed more prominently in malaria patients, especially those with severe manifestations, when compared to uninfected controls. The conducted meta-analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in UA levels in patients suffering from malaria as compared to uninfected controls (P < 0.01, Hedges's g = 1.40, 95% CI 0.84-1.95, I2 = 95.81, 16 studies). The conducted meta-analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in UA levels in patients suffering from severe malaria as compared to non-severe malaria (P < 0.01, Hedges's g = 3.45, 95% CI 1.06-5.83, I2 = 98.73, 6 studies). In summary, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential use of UA as a biomarker for malaria infection and determination of its severity. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the elevation of UA levels during malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruda Kuraeiad
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | - Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
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Holm AE, Gomes LC, Marinho CRF, Silvestre OM, Vestergaard LS, Biering-Sørensen T, Brainin P. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1643-1650. [PMID: 33724926 PMCID: PMC8103436 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that malaria may affect the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in symptomatic malaria patients. We searched databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science (January 1950-April 2020) for studies reporting on cardiovascular complications in adults and children with malaria. Cardiovascular complications were defined as abnormalities in electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography on admission or during outpatient examination. Studies of patients with known heart disease or cardiovascular evaluation performed after the start of intravenous antimalarial medication were excluded. The study was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (No.: CRD42020167672). The literature search yielded 1,243 studies, and a total of 43 studies with symptomatic malaria patients were included. Clinical studies (n = 12 adults; n = 5 children) comprised 3,117 patients, of which a majority had Plasmodium falciparum (n = 15) and were diagnosed with severe malaria (n = 13). In random-effects models of adults, the pooled prevalence estimate for any cardiovascular complication was 7% (95% CI: 5-9). No meta-analysis was conducted in children, but the range of abnormal ECG was 0-8%, cardiac biomarkers 0-57%, and echocardiography 4-9%. We analyzed 33 cases (n = 10 postmortem), in which the most common cardiovascular pathologies were myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome. All histopathological studies found evidence of parasitized red blood cells in the myocardium. Cardiovascular complications are not uncommon in symptomatic adults and children with malaria. Additional studies investigating malaria and cardiovascular disease are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Engell Holm
- Federal University of Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Laura C. Gomes
- Federal University of Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lasse S. Vestergaard
- National Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Brainin
- Federal University of Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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Pham TT, Lamb TJ, Deroost K, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. Hemozoin in Malarial Complications: More Questions Than Answers. Trends Parasitol 2020; 37:226-239. [PMID: 33223096 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites contain various virulence factors that modulate the host immune response. Malarial pigment, or hemozoin (Hz), is an undegradable crystalline product of the hemoglobin degradation pathway in the parasite and possesses immunomodulatory properties. An association has been found between Hz accumulation and severe malaria, suggesting that the effects of Hz on the host immune response may contribute to the development of malarial complications. Although the immunomodulatory roles of Hz have been widely investigated, many conflicting data exist, likely due to the variability between experimental set-ups and technical limitations of Hz generation and isolation methods. Here, we critically assess the potential immunomodulatory effects of Hz, its role in malarial complications, and its potential effects after parasite clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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