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Charlier P, Donnell S, Lippi D, Nerlich A, Asensi V, Perciaccante A, Appenzeller O, Bianucci R. Why paleomedicine is useful for medical education. Postgrad Med J 2020; 97:75-76. [PMID: 32404500 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
What is the place of medico-historical cases in the professional practice of the disciplinary field of medicine and biology? How can these patients from the past be used for teaching and continuing medical education? How to justify their place in biomedical publications? In this article, we explain all the legitimacy of paleomedicine, and the need to intensify such research in the form of a well-individualised branch of paleopathology and the history of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Charlier
- Department of Research and High Education, Musée du quai Branly Jacques Chirac, Paris, France .,Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), UFR of Health Sciences, Paris-Saclay University (UVSQ), Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Simon Donnell
- Norwich Medical School, University of West Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Donatella Lippi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Univesity of Florence, Florence, Toscane, Italy
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Clinic Munich-Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Victor Asensi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Perciaccante
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medecine, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Gorizia, Italia
| | - Otto Appenzeller
- New Mexico Health Enhancement, Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raffaella Bianucci
- Legal Medicine Section, Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Perciaccante A, Charlier P, Negri C, Coralli A, Appenzeller O, Bianucci R. Lessons from the Past: Some Histories of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Before Its Discovery. COPD 2019; 15:1-3. [PMID: 29469675 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1421151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A1AT deficiency- a genetically inherited autosomal codominant disease with more than 120 identified alleles- was first identified by Laurell and Eriksson in 1963. The most common hereditary disorder in adults, A1AT causes an increased risk of developing pulmonary emphysema and liver disease. In A1AT patients, lung disease generally presents at a younger age than "usual" chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and it may be misdiagnosed as asthma. Because A1AT deficiency patients can show the same clinical features as non-deficient COPD (including increased evidence of bronchiectasis, frequent exacerbations, impaired health status and a degree of reversibility of airflow obstruction), the World Health Organization recommend to test every patient with a diagnosis of COPD or adult-onset asthma for A1AT deficiency. Despite these recommendations, the epidemiology of A1AT deficiency remains uncertain. Although recently discovered A1AT deficiency has affected human populations since antiquity. By using scientific data and recently studied skeletons and historical cases, we show that it is now possible to reconstruct the natural history of pathological processes, whether due to genetic, infectious or environmental factors. We believe that the evolution of disease in patients and research to elucidate the relationship between social science and environmental are pertinent contemporaneous subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perciaccante
- a Department of Medicine , San Giovanni di Dio Hospital , Gorizia , Italy
| | - P Charlier
- b Section of Medical Anthropology, DANTE Laboratory EA 4498, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines , Montigny-Le-Bretonneux , France.,c Max Fourestier Hospital (CASH) and Institute of Precarity and Social Exclusion (IPES) , Nanterre , France
| | - C Negri
- a Department of Medicine , San Giovanni di Dio Hospital , Gorizia , Italy
| | - A Coralli
- d Basso Isontino District , Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria Bassa Friulana-Isontina , Gorizia , Italy
| | - O Appenzeller
- e New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation , Albuquerque , NM , United States of America.,f New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science , Albuquerque , NM , United States of America
| | - R Bianucci
- g Microbiology and Infection Unit, Warwick Medical School , The University of Warwick , Warwick , United Kingdom.,h Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences , Legal Medicine Section, University of Turin , Turin , Italy.,i Laboratoire d'Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Etique & Santé (Adés), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille , Marseille , France
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