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Abd Khalil AT, Shah Buddin MMH, Puasa SW, Ahmad AL. Reuse of waste cooking oil (WCO) as diluent in green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) for zinc extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45244-45258. [PMID: 36705837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) was identified as one of the most toxic heavy metals and often found contaminating the water sources as a result of inefficient treatment of industrial effluent. A green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) was proposed in this study as a method to minimize the concentration of Zn ions in an aqueous solution. Instead of the common petroleum-based diluent, the emulsion is reformulated with untreated waste cooking oil (WCO) collected from the food industry as a sustainable and cheaper diluent. It also includes Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) as a carrier, Span 80 as a surfactant, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as an internal phase, and ZnSO4 solution as an external phase. Such formulation requires a thorough understanding of the oil characteristics as well as the interaction of the components in the membrane phase. The compatibility of WCO and D2EHPA, as well as the external phase pH, was confirmed via a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. To obtain the best operating conditions for Zn extraction using GELM, the extraction time and speed, carrier, surfactant and internal phase concentrations, and W/O ratio were varied. 95.17% of Zn ions were removed under the following conditions; 0.001 M of H2SO4 in external phase, 700 rpm extraction speed for 10 min, 8 wt% of carrier and 4 wt% of surfactant concentrations, 1:4 of W/O ratio, and 1 M of internal phase concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiqah Tasneem Abd Khalil
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Wahidah Puasa
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Arguillarena A, Margallo M, Arruti-Fernández A, Pinedo J, Gómez P, Ortiz I, Urtiaga A. Circular economy in hot-dip galvanizing with zinc and iron recovery from spent pickling acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6481-6489. [PMID: 36845587 PMCID: PMC9948803 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of spent pickling acids (SPA) is an environmental challenge for the hot-dip galvanizing (HDG) industry. Bearing in mind its elevated content of iron and zinc, SPA can be regarded as a source of secondary materials in a circular economy approach. This work reports the pilot scale demonstration of non-dispersive solvent extraction (NDSX) in hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) to perform the selective zinc separation and SPA purification, so that the characteristics needed for use as a source of iron chloride are achieved. The operation of the NDSX pilot plant, which incorporates four HFMCs with a 80 m2 nominal membrane area, is carried out with SPA supplied by an industrial galvanizer, and consequently technology readiness level (TRL) 7 is reached. The purification of the SPA requires of a novel feed and purge strategy to operate the pilot plant in continuous mode. To facilitate the further implementation of the process, the extraction system is formed by tributyl phosphate as the organic extractant and tap water as the stripping agent, both easily available and cost-effective chemicals. The resulting iron chloride solution is successfully valorized as a hydrogen sulfide suppressor to purify the biogas generated in the anaerobic sludge treatment of a wastewater treatment plant. Additionally, we validate the NDSX mathematical model using pilot scale experimental data, providing a design tool for process scale-up and industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arguillarena
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Universidad de Cantabria Avda. De Los Castros, s.n. 39005 Santander Spain
| | - María Margallo
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Universidad de Cantabria Avda. De Los Castros, s.n. 39005 Santander Spain
| | - Axel Arruti-Fernández
- Apria Systems, Parque Empresarial de MoreroParcela P.2-12, Nave 1-Puerta 539611GuarnizoSpain
| | - Javier Pinedo
- Apria Systems, Parque Empresarial de MoreroParcela P.2-12, Nave 1-Puerta 539611GuarnizoSpain
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Apria Systems, Parque Empresarial de MoreroParcela P.2-12, Nave 1-Puerta 539611GuarnizoSpain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Universidad de Cantabria Avda. De Los Castros, s.n. 39005 Santander Spain
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Universidad de Cantabria Avda. De Los Castros, s.n. 39005 Santander Spain
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Khalil ATA, Buddin MMHS, Puasa SW, Ahmad AL. Reuse of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as Diluent in Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane (GELM) for Zinc Extraction.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1251988/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) was identified as one of the most toxic heavy metals and often found contaminating the water sources as a result of inefficient treatment of industrial effluent. A Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane (GELM) was proposed in this study as a method to minimize the concentration of Zn ions in an aqueous solution. Instead of the common petroleum-based diluent, the emulsion is reformulated with untreated waste cooking oil (WCO) collected from the food industry as a sustainable and cheaper diluent. It also includes Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) as carrier, Span 80 as surfactant, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as internal phase and ZnSO4 solution as external phase. Such formulation requires a thorough understanding of the oil characteristics as well as the interaction of the components in the membrane phase. The compatibility of WCO and D2EHPA, as well as the external phase pH was confirmed via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. To obtain the best operating conditions for Zn extraction using GELM, the extraction time and speed, carrier, surfactant and internal phase concentrations, and W/O ratio were varied. 95.17% of Zn ions were removed under the following conditions; 0.001M of H2SO4 in external phase, 700 rpm extraction speed for 10 minutes, 8 wt% of carrier and 4 wt% of surfactant concentrations, 1:4 of W/O ratio and 1 M of internal phase concentration.
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Arguillarena A, Margallo M, Irabien Á, Urtiaga A. Life cycle assessment of zinc and iron recovery from spent pickling acids by membrane-based solvent extraction and electrowinning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115567. [PMID: 35759966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we conducted a life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental performance of the valorization of spent pickling acid (SPA) generated in the hot-dip galvanizing (HDG) process. We analyzed the environmental impacts of treating one m3 of SPA, comparing the reference treatment consisting of neutralization, precipitation, stabilization, and landfilling of the metallic sludge (scenario #1), with the innovative LIFE2ACID technology (scenario #2) that produces secondary zinc and iron chloride in solution through non-dispersive solvent extraction (NDSX) and electrowinning (EW). The results showed that the materials credits achieved by the implementation of LIFE2ACID technology turned most of the impact categories evaluated (toxicity, acidification, eutrophication, ozone depletion, etc.) into environmental benefits. Scenario #2 was adapted to achieve either zinc-only recovery (#2.1) or simultaneous iron and zinc recovery (#2.2). The abiotic depletion potential (ADP) of fossil fuels increased slightly from scenario #1 to scenario #2.1 because of the higher energy demand and NaOH consumption of EW, and because only zinc was recovered. However, the valorization of both zinc and iron chloride in scenario #2.2 reduced the ADP-fossil by 27%, compared to the reference treatment. Furthermore, the global warming impact was reduced by 20% and 97% in scenarios #2.1 and #2.2, respectively. With the focus on promoting the circular economy concept, we conclude that the LIFE2ACID technology significantly improves the environmental performance of SPA management. Next steps should consider the life-cycle costs analysis in specific scenarios to find out the trade-off between environmental and economic objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arguillarena
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de Los Castros s.n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - María Margallo
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de Los Castros s.n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Ángel Irabien
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de Los Castros s.n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de Los Castros s.n, 39005, Santander, Spain.
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Karmakar AK, Biswas RK, Khatun MN. Extraction equilibrium of chromium(III) from sulphate medium by Cyanex 272 dissolved in kerosene. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Arguillarena A, Margallo M, Arruti-Fernández A, Pinedo J, Gómez P, Urtiaga A. Scale-Up of Membrane-Based Zinc Recovery from Spent Pickling Acids of Hot-Dip Galvanizing. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120444. [PMID: 33561072 PMCID: PMC7767507 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinc recovery from spent pickling acids (SPAs) can play an important role in achieving a circular economy in the galvanizing industry. This work evaluates the scale-up of membrane-based solvent extraction technology aimed at the selective separation of zinc from industrial SPAs as a purification step prior to zinc electrowinning (EW). The experiments were carried out at a pilot scale treating SPAs batches of 57 to 91 L in a non-dispersive solvent extraction (NDSX) configuration that simultaneously performed the extraction and backextraction steps. The pilot plant was equipped with four hollow fiber contactors and 80 m2 of total membrane area, which was approximately 30 times higher than previous bench-scale studies. Tributylphosphate diluted in Shellsol D70 and tap water were used as organic and stripping agents, respectively. Starting with SPAs with high Zn (71.7 ± 4.3 g·L-1) and Fe (82.9 ± 5.0 g·L-1) content, the NDSX process achieved a stripping phase with 55.7 g Zn·L-1 and only 3.2 g Fe·L-1. Other minor metals were not transferred, providing the purified zinc stripping with better quality for the next EW step. A series of five consecutive pilot-scale experiments showed the reproducibility of results, which is an indicator of the stability of the organic extractant and its adequate regeneration in the NDSX operation. Zinc mass transfer fluxes were successfully correlated to zinc concentration in the feed SPA phase, together with data extracted from previous laboratory-scale experiments, allowing us to obtain the design parameter that will enable the leap to the industrial scale. Therefore, the results herein presented demonstrate the NDSX technology in an industrially relevant environment equivalent to TRL 6, which is an essential progress to increase zinc metal resources in the galvanizing sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arguillarena
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s.n., 39005 Santander, Spain; (A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - María Margallo
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s.n., 39005 Santander, Spain; (A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Axel Arruti-Fernández
- Apria Systems, Parque Empresarial de Morero, Parcela P.2-12, Nave 1-Puerta 5, 39611 Guarnizo, Spain; (A.A.-F.); (J.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Javier Pinedo
- Apria Systems, Parque Empresarial de Morero, Parcela P.2-12, Nave 1-Puerta 5, 39611 Guarnizo, Spain; (A.A.-F.); (J.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Apria Systems, Parque Empresarial de Morero, Parcela P.2-12, Nave 1-Puerta 5, 39611 Guarnizo, Spain; (A.A.-F.); (J.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s.n., 39005 Santander, Spain; (A.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-942-201-587
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Zinc(II) recovery using pyridine oxime-ether – Novel carrier in pseudo-emulsion hollow fiber strip dispersion system. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Mondal SK, Beriya MK, Saha P. Separation and Recovery of Nickel and Zinc from Synthetic Wastewater Using Supported Liquid Membranes with in Situ Electrodeposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Beriya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Prabirkumar Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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9
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Abstract
AbstractElectroplating and other metal finishing industries, like every metal and metallurgical industry, are associated with the generation of waste. Spent electroplating baths, waste pickle liquors, etching solutions and rinse waters from electroplating units and steel finishing operations are complex solutions containing acids and several hazardous metals. It is compulsory, for environmental and economic reasons, to treat these solutions for recovering acid, metals and/or reusing these solutions/waters. This article is a review on the characterization of the wastes that are generated in electroplating industry, steel processing and copper etching in printed circuit boards manufacture, as well as on the treatment and regeneration methods of such streams. Various techniques, such as neutralization, crystallization, evaporation, pyrohydrolysis, electrodialysis, ion exchange, classical solvent extraction and membrane-based solvent extraction are presented, their advantages and disadvantages being scrutinized.
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10
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Yttrium (III) Recovery with D2EHPA in Pseudo-Emulsion Hollow Fiber Strip Dispersion System. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7627. [PMID: 29769599 PMCID: PMC5955940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Yttrium (Y) is an essential lanthanide rare earth element and can be effectively extracted and purified using a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) system. However, the stability of HFSLM system is a significant challenge. Pseudoemulsion-hollow fiber strip dispersion (PEHFSD) system, providing excellent stability, is attracting research attention. In this work, the recovery of Y(III) by PEHFSD system using di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a carrier was investigated. The effects of several operating parameters, including the initial concentration of Y(III) in the feed phase, the flow rate of feed, the stirring speed and the volumetric ratio of feed to strip on Y(III) separation were studied. The Y(III) transport was analyzed on the concentration ratio of Y(III) ions, percent extraction, percent stripping and overall mass transfer coefficient (Kp). The PEHFSD system outperformed HFSLM system regarding separation performance and stability. Kp of HFSLM system decreased after the second run, but Kp of PEHFSD system remained constant even at the fifth run. The dispersed droplets in the strip dispersion phase in the PEHFSD system enhanced separation performance and stability of the membrane module.
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11
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pH effect on zinc recovery from the spent pickling baths of hot dip galvanizing industries. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Wieszczycka K, Regel-Rosocka M, Staszak K, Wojciechowska A, Reis MTA, Ismael MRC, Gameiro MLF, Carvalho JM. Recovery of zinc(II) from chloride solutions using pseudo-emulsion based hollow fiber strip dispersion (PEHFSD) with 1-(3-pyridyl)undecan-1-one oxime or tributylphosphate. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Carrillo-Abad J, Garcia-Gabaldon M, Ortiz-Gandara I, Bringas E, Urtiaga AM, Ortiz I, Perez-Herranz V. Selective recovery of zinc from spent pickling baths by the combination of membrane-based solvent extraction and electrowinning technologies. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ooi ZY, Harruddin N, Othman N. Recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater via emulsion liquid membrane process. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1305-14. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zing-Yi Ooi
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Norlisa Harruddin
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - Norasikin Othman
- Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR); Ibnu Sina Insititute for Scientific and Industrial Research (IBNU SINA ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru; Johor Malaysia
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Laso J, García V, Bringas E, Urtiaga AM, Ortiz I. Selective Recovery of Zinc over Iron from Spent Pickling Wastes by Different Membrane-based Solvent Extraction Process Configurations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Laso
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de los
Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - V. García
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de los
Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - E. Bringas
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de los
Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - A. M. Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de los
Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - I. Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de los
Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
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García-Antón J, Fernández-Domene R, Sánchez-Tovar R, Escrivà-Cerdán C, Leiva-García R, García V, Urtiaga A. Improvement of the electrochemical behaviour of Zn-electroplated steel using regenerated Cr (III) passivation baths. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Agarwal S, Reis MTA, Ismael MRC, Carvalho JM. Zinc extraction with Ionquest 801 using pseudo-emulsion based hollow fibre strip dispersion technique. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Modeling of facilitated transport of Cr(III) using (RNH3+HSO4−) ionic liquid and pseudo-emulsion hollow fiber strip dispersion (PEHFSD) technology. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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de los Ríos A, Hernández-Fernández F, Alguacil F, Lozano L, Ginestá A, García-Díaz I, Sánchez-Segado S, López F, Godínez C. On the use of imidazolium and ammonium-based ionic liquids as green solvents for the selective recovery of Zn(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) from hydrochloride aqueous solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Diban N, García V, Alguacil F, Ortiz I, Urtiaga A. Temperature Enhancement of Zinc and Iron Separation from Chromium(III) Passivation Baths by Emulsion Pertraction Technology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301251q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazely Diban
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n,
39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Verónica García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n,
39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Francisco Alguacil
- Department of Primary Metallurgy
and Materials Recycling, CENIM (CSIC),
Avenida Gregorio del Amo, 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n,
39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n,
39005 Santander, Spain
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21
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Diban N, Mediavilla R, Urtiaga A, Ortiz I. Zinc recovery and waste sludge minimization from chromium passivation baths. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:801-807. [PMID: 21704452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the feasibility of applying emulsion pertraction technology (EPT) aiming at zinc recovery and waste minimization in the zinc electroplating processes that include Cr (III) passivation. The assessment consists of firstly the lifetime extension of the passivation baths by selective removal of the tramp ions zinc and iron, and secondly, the recovery of zinc for further reuse. Spent passivation baths from a local industry were tested, being the major metallic content: Cr(3+) 9000mg L(-1), Zn(2+) 12,000mg L(-1), Fe(3+) 100mg L(-1). Working in a Liqui-Cel hollow fiber membrane contactor and using the extractant bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid, reduction of zinc and iron concentrations below 60mg L(-1) and 2mg L(-1), respectively were obtained, while trivalent chromium, the active metal that generates the passivation layer, was retained in the baths. Zinc was selectively transferred to an acidic stripping phase that in the experimental time reached a concentration of 157,000mg L(-1). Zinc recovery by electrowinning from the acidic stripping phase without any pretreatment of the electrolyte solution provided a purity of 98.5%, matching the lower commercial zinc grade. As a result of the extension of the life time of the passivation bath, significant environmental advantages are derived such as minimization of the volume of hazardous wastes and savings in the consumption of raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazely Diban
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de los Castros s/n. 39005 Santander, Spain
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22
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Bringas E, Mediavilla R, Urtiaga AM, Ortiz I. Development and validation of a dynamic model for regeneration of passivating baths using membrane contactors. Comput Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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