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Preparation, Characterization, and Activity of Pd/PSS-Modified Membranes in the Low Temperature Dry Reforming of Methane with and without Addition of Extra Steam. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070518. [PMID: 34357168 PMCID: PMC8307832 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The external surface of a commercial porous stainless steel (PSS) was modified by either oxidation in air at varying temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C) or coating with different oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2). Among them, PSS-ZrO2 appears as the most suitable carrier for the synthesis of the Pd membrane. A composite Pd membrane supported on the PSS-ZrO2 substrate was prepared by the electroless plating deposition method. Supported Ru catalysts were first evaluated for the low-temperature methane dry reforming (DRM) reaction in a continuous flow reactor (CR). Ru/ZrO2-La2O3 catalyst was found to be active and stable, so it was used in a membrane reactor (MR), which enhances the methane conversions above the equilibrium values. The influence of adding H2O to the feed of DRM was investigated over a Ru/ZrO2-La2O3 catalyst in the MR. Activity results are compared with those measured in a CR. The addition of H2O into the feed favors other reactions such as Water-Gas Shift (RWGS) and Steam Reforming (SR), which occur together with DRM, resulting in a dramatic decrease of CO2 conversion and CO production, but a marked increase of H2 yield.
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Microstructural Investigation and On-Site Repair of Thin Pd-Ag Alloy Membranes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120384. [PMID: 33266176 PMCID: PMC7760571 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pd membranes act in an important role in H2 purification and H2 production in membrane reactors. Pd-Ag alloy membranes fabricated by consecutive electroless- and electroplating process on alumina tubes exhibited good stability under stringent heating/cooling cycles at a ramp rate of 10 K/min, imitating practical fast initiation or emergency shutdown conditions. Bilayer Pd-Ag membranes can form dense and uniform alloy after thermal treatment for 24 h at 823 K under H2 atmosphere, despite a porous structure due to the development of liquid-like properties above Tamman temperature to enforce the migrativity. On the contrary, alloying under N2 atmosphere resulted in a Pd-enriched layer. This led to a lower H2 flux but superior thermal stability compared to that alloying under H2 atmosphere. The trilayer approach of electroless-plated Pd, electro-polated Ag and electroless-plated Pd is not suitable to achieve homogeneous Pd-Ag alloys, which, on the other hand, presented the occurrence of a small gap between top Pd layer and middle Ag layer, probably due to insufficient wetting during plating process. An on-site repair treatment in analogous to MOCVD (Metal-organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) process was first proposed to extend the lifetime of Pd-Ag membrane, i.e., by vaporizing, and subsequent decomposition of Ag(OOCC2F5) powders to "preferentially" block the pinholes under vacuum and at working temperature of ca. 473-673 K, which effectively reduced the N2 flux by 57.4% compared to the initial value. The H2 flux, however, declined by 16.7% due to carbon deposition on the membrane surface, which requires further investigation. This approach shows some potential for on-site repair without disassembly or cooling to room temperature.
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Wang YX, Ma S, Huang MN, Yang H, Xu ZL, Xu Z. Ag NPs coated PVDF@TiO2 nanofiber membrane prepared by epitaxial growth on TiO2 inter-layer for 4-NP reduction application. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Review of Supported Pd-Based Membranes Preparation by Electroless Plating for Ultra-Pure Hydrogen Production. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:membranes8010005. [PMID: 29360777 PMCID: PMC5872187 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, hydrogen has been considered as a promising energy vector for the oncoming modification of the current energy sector, mainly based on fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be produced from water with no significant pollutant emissions but in the nearest future its production from different hydrocarbon raw materials by thermochemical processes seems to be more feasible. In any case, a mixture of gaseous compounds containing hydrogen is produced, so a further purification step is needed to purify the hydrogen up to required levels accordingly to the final application, i.e., PEM fuel cells. In this mean, membrane technology is one of the available separation options, providing an efficient solution at reasonable cost. Particularly, dense palladium-based membranes have been proposed as an ideal chance in hydrogen purification due to the nearly complete hydrogen selectivity (ideally 100%), high thermal stability and mechanical resistance. Moreover, these membranes can be used in a membrane reactor, offering the possibility to combine both the chemical reaction for hydrogen production and the purification step in a unique device. There are many papers in the literature regarding the preparation of Pd-based membranes, trying to improve the properties of these materials in terms of permeability, thermal and mechanical resistance, poisoning and cost-efficiency. In this review, the most relevant advances in the preparation of supported Pd-based membranes for hydrogen production in recent years are presented. The work is mainly focused in the incorporation of the hydrogen selective layer (palladium or palladium-based alloy) by the electroless plating, since it is one of the most promising alternatives for a real industrial application of these membranes. The information is organized in different sections including: (i) a general introduction; (ii) raw commercial and modified membrane supports; (iii) metal deposition insights by electroless-plating; (iv) trends in preparation of Pd-based alloys, and, finally; (v) some essential concluding remarks in addition to futures perspectives.
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Wang M, Huang ML, Cao Y, Ma XH, Xu ZL. Fabrication, characterization and separation properties of three-channel stainless steel hollow fiber membrane. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nayebossadri S, Fletcher S, Speight JD, Book D. Hydrogen permeation through porous stainless steel for palladium-based composite porous membranes. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Conde JJ, Maroño M, Sánchez-Hervás JM. Pd-Based Membranes for Hydrogen Separation: Review of Alloying Elements and Their Influence on Membrane Properties. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2016.1212379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abate S, Giorgianni G, Gentiluomo S, Centi G, Perathoner S. Enhanced Hydrogen Transport over Palladium Ultrathin Films through Surface Nanostructure Engineering. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3805-3814. [PMID: 26508272 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium ultrathin films (around 2 μm) with different surface nanostructures are characterized by TEM, SEM, AFM, and temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and evaluated in terms of H2 permeability and H2-N2 separation. A change in the characteristics of Pd seeds by controlled oxidation-reduction treatments produces films with the same thickness, but different surface and bulk nanostructure. In particular, the films have finer and more homogeneous Pd grains, which results in lower surface roughness. Although all samples show high permeo-selectivity to H2 , the samples with finer grains exhibit enhanced permeance and lower activation energy for H2 transport. The analysis of the data suggests that grain boundaries between the Pd grains at the surface favor H2 transfer from surface to subsurface. Thus, the surface nanostructure plays a relevant role in enhancing the transport of H2 over the Pd ultrathin film, which is an important aspect to develop improved membranes that function at low temperatures and toward new integrated process architectures in H2 and syngas production with enhanced sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Abate
- Dept. DIECII, Section Industrial Chemistry, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and INSTM/CASPE, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Giorgianni
- Dept. DIECII, Section Industrial Chemistry, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and INSTM/CASPE, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Gentiluomo
- Dept. DIECII, Section Industrial Chemistry, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and INSTM/CASPE, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Centi
- Dept. DIECII, Section Industrial Chemistry, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and INSTM/CASPE, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Siglinda Perathoner
- Dept. DIECII, Section Industrial Chemistry, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and INSTM/CASPE, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Dai J, Zhang C, Yang H, Li S, Chen P, Shen Y, Xie A. Layer-by-layer assembly of {chitosan/Pd}nmultilayer film based onin-situphotochemical reduction with excellent electrocatalytic properties. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Sciences; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei 230036 PR China
| | - Hai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Shikuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Yuhua Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Anjian Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
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Development of homogeneous Pd–Ag alloy membrane formed on porous stainless steel by multi-layered films and Ag-upfilling heat treatment. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maneerung T, Hidajat K, Kawi S. Ultra-thin (<1μm) internally-coated Pd–Ag alloy hollow fiber membrane with superior thermal stability and durability for high temperature H2 separation. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zeng G, Jia H, Goldbach A, Zhao L, Miao S, Shi L, Sun C, Xu H. Hydrogen-induced high-temperature segregation in palladium silver membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25330-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03245d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth of Ag-depleted crystallites on PdAg membranes reduces H2 permeation rates substantially above 823 K but can be reversed in N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zeng
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Conversion Science and Engineering
| | - Haiyuan Jia
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Andreas Goldbach
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Lingfang Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Shu Miao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 116023 Dalian, China
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Bosko M, Marchesini F, Cornaglia L, Miró E. Controlled Pd deposition on fibers by electroless plating. The effects of the support on the reduction of nitrite in water. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tarditi A, Gerboni C, Cornaglia L. PdAu membranes supported on top of vacuum-assisted ZrO2-modified porous stainless steel substrates. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Braun F, Tarditi AM, Cornaglia LM. Optimization and characterization of electroless co-deposited PdRu membranes: Effect of the plating variables on morphology. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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