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Insights on Ultrafiltration-Based Separation for the Purification and Quantification of Methotrexate in Nanocarriers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081879. [PMID: 32325744 PMCID: PMC7221554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of encapsulation efficiency is a regulatory requirement for the characterization of drug delivery systems. However, the difficulties in efficiently separating nanomedicines from the free drug may compromise the achievement of accurate determinations. Herein, ultrafiltration was exploited as a separative strategy towards the evaluation of methotrexate (MTX) encapsulation efficiency in nanostructured lipid carriers and polymeric nanoparticles. The effect of experimental conditions such as pH and the amount of surfactant present in the ultrafiltration media was addressed aiming at the selection of suitable conditions for the effective purification of nanocarriers. MTX-loaded nanoparticles were then submitted to ultrafiltration and the portions remaining in the upper compartment of the filtering device and in the ultrafiltrate were collected and analyzed by HPLC-UV using a reversed-phase (C18) monolithic column. A short centrifugation time (5 min) was suitable for establishing the amount of encapsulated MTX in nanostructured lipid carriers, based on the assumption that the free MTX concentration was the same in the upper compartment and in the ultrafiltrate. The defined conditions allowed the efficient separation of nanocarriers from the free drug, with recoveries of >85% even when nanoparticles were present in cell culture media and in pig skin surrogate from permeation assays.
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Eco-friendly modification of a regenerated cellulose based film by silicon, carbon and N-doped carbon quantum dots. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:238-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Benavente J, García ME, Urbano N, López-Romero JM, Contreras-Cáceres RC, Casado-Rodríguez MA, Moscoso A, Hierrezuelo J. Inclusion of silver nanoparticles for improving regenerated cellulose membrane performance and reduction of biofouling. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:758-763. [PMID: 28545964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their incorporation into the structure of a regenerated cellulose membrane by dip coating is presented. Morphological characterization of the AgNPs (average diameter of 20±2nm) was carried out by SEM/TEM, while elastic, electrical and antimicrobial properties of the hybrid membrane were also analyzed. The presence of silver nanoparticles in the membrane seems to increases its rigidity and its chemical stability against oxidation, but it only induces small changes in the transport parameters. As expected, AgNPs provide antimicrobial properties to the membrane and consequently the reduction of biofouling without affecting significantly other characteristic parameters, opening the application of the modified membrane to wastewaters treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavente
- Dep Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - M E García
- Dep Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - N Urbano
- Dep Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - J M López-Romero
- Dep Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
| | - R C Contreras-Cáceres
- Dep Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - M A Casado-Rodríguez
- Dep Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - A Moscoso
- Dep Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - J Hierrezuelo
- Dep Microbiología, Centro de Supercomputación y Bioinnovación, Universidad de Málaga, PTA C. Severo Ochoa 34, Málaga, 29590, Spain
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Rivas-Montoya E, Miguel Ochando-Pulido J, Manuel López-Romero J, Martinez-Ferez A. Application of a novel gastrointestinal tract simulator system based on a membrane bioreactor (SimuGIT) to study the stomach tolerance and effective delivery enhancement of nanoencapsulated macelignan. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Romero V, Vázquez M, Benavente J. Study of ionic and diffusive transport through a regenerated cellulose nanoporous membrane. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Preparation and electrochemical behavior of the CA/TiO2/Sb2O5 composite electrode modified with p-benzoquinone. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Arfin T, Falch A, Kriek RJ. Evaluation of charge density and the theory for calculating membrane potential for a nano-composite nylon-6,6 nickel phosphate membrane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16760-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42683h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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