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Lee G, In Park S, Yi Shin H, Joh HI, Kim SS, Lee S. Simultaneous Reactions of Sulfonation and Condensation for High-Yield Conversion of Polystyrene into Carbonaceous Material. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Khalid H, Najibah M, Park HS, Bae C, Henkensmeier D. Properties of Anion Exchange Membranes with a Focus on Water Electrolysis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12100989. [PMID: 36295748 PMCID: PMC9609780 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, alkaline membrane water electrolysis, in which membranes are in direct contact with water or alkaline solutions, has gained attention. This necessitates new approaches to membrane characterization. We show how the mechanical properties of FAA3, PiperION, Nafion 212 and reinforced FAA3-PK-75 and PiperION PI-15 change when stress−strain curves are measured in temperature-controlled water. Since membranes show dimensional changes when the temperature changes and, therefore, may experience stresses in the application, we investigated seven different membrane types to determine if they follow the expected spring-like behavior or show hysteresis. By using a very simple setup which can be implemented in most laboratories, we measured the “true hydroxide conductivity” of membranes in temperature-controlled water and found that PI-15 and mTPN had higher conductivity at 60 °C than Nafion 212. The same setup was used to monitor the alkaline stability of membranes, and it was found that stability decreased in the order mTPN > PiperION > FAA3. XPS analysis showed that FAA3 was degraded by the attack of hydroxide ions on the benzylic position. Water permeability was analyzed, and mTPN had approximately two times higher permeability than PiperION and 50% higher permeability than FAA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Khalid
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Malikah Najibah
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyun S. Park
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Chulsung Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Dirk Henkensmeier
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Kim JD, Matsushita S, Tamura K. Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone-Vinylon (CSPPSU-vinylon) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells from SPPSU and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061354. [PMID: 32560108 PMCID: PMC7361900 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) polymer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were thermally crosslinked; then, a CSPPSU-vinylon membrane was synthesized using a formalization reaction. Its use as an electrolyte membrane for fuel cells was investigated. PVA was synthesized from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), using a saponification reaction. The CSPPSU-vinylon membrane was synthesized by the addition of PVA (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%), and its chemical, mechanical, conductivity, and fuel cell properties were studied. The conductivity of the CSPPSU-10vinylon membrane is higher than that of the CSPPSU membrane, and a conductivity of 66 mS/cm was obtained at 120 °C and 90% RH (relative humidity). From a fuel cell evaluation at 80 °C, the CSPPSU-10vinylon membrane has a higher current density than CSPPSU and Nafion212 membranes, in both high (100% RH) and low humidification (60% RH). By using a CSPPSU-vinylon membrane instead of a CSPPSU membrane, the conductivity and fuel cell performance improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Deok Kim
- Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Group, Global Research Center for Environmental and Energy Based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN),Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
- Hydrogen Production Materials Group, Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Functional Clay Materials Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-860-4764; Fax: +81-29-860-4984
| | - Satoshi Matsushita
- Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Group, Global Research Center for Environmental and Energy Based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN),Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Functional Clay Materials Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
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Kim JD, Ohira A, Nakao H. Chemically Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10020031. [PMID: 32085526 PMCID: PMC7074308 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU) with a high ion exchange capacity (IEC) was synthesized using commercially available polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), and a large-area (16 × 18 cm2) crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) membrane was prepared. In addition, we developed an activation process in which the membrane was treated with alkaline and acidic solutions to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2), which forms as a byproduct during heat treatment. CSPPSU membranes obtained using this activation method had high thermal, mechanical and chemical stabilities. In I-ViR free studies for fuel cell evaluation, high performances similar to those using Nafion were obtained. In addition, from the hydrogen (H2) gas crossover characteristics, the durability is much better than that of a Nafion212 membrane. In the studies evaluating the long-term stabilities by using a constant current method, a stability of 4000 h was obtained for the first time. These results indicate that the CSPPSU membrane obtained by using our activation method is promising as a polymer electrolyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Deok Kim
- Hydrogen Production Materials Group, Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Akihiro Ohira
- Energy Storage Technology Group, Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan;
| | - Hidenobu Nakao
- Hydrogen Materials Engineering Group, Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan;
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Krishnan NN, Lee S, Ghorpade RV, Konovalova A, Jang JH, Kim HJ, Han J, Henkensmeier D, Han H. Polybenzimidazole (PBI-OO) based composite membranes using sulfophenylated TiO2 as both filler and crosslinker, and their use in the HT-PEM fuel cell. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Phosphoric acid doped crosslinked polybenzimidazole (PBI-OO) blend membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Krishnan NN, Henkensmeier D, Park YH, Jang JH, Kwon T, Koo CM, Kim HJ, Han J, Nam SW. Blue membranes: Sulfonated copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid based composite membranes for DMFC and low relative humidity PEMFC. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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