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Sharma J, Gupta R, Ramanujam K, Kulshrestha V. Leveraging Long-Life Alkaline Redox Flow Batteries Using Durable and High-Hydroxide Exchange N-Bridged Triazine Framework Membranes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2406395. [PMID: 39840474 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
Fluorine-free organic framework polyelectrolyte membranes showing near frictionless ionic conductivities are gaining cognitive insights. However, the co-precipitation of COFs in the membranes often brings trade-offs to commission long-life electrochemical energy storage solutions. Herein, a durable and ionically miscible dual-ion exchange membrane based on triazine organic framework (TOF) is designed for alkaline redox flow batteries (RFB). Bearing dual ion-exchange architectures, the all-hydrocarbon TOF-based PEMs (sTOF's) surpass fluorinated Nafion in terms of energy efficiency (>80%), energy density, and peak power densities. The fabricated sTOF's evidenced the highest net ion-exchange of >2.1 meq g-1 which encourages electrolyte utilization with ≈100% and offers excellent capacities. Moreover, >97% efficiencies are preserved, and rate capability studies illustrate that, with sTOF-5, the RFB can operate at reduced overpotentials (η ≤200 mV) and can uplift batteries life. The sTOF's supports successful demonstrations of batteries at higher redoxolyte concentrations thereby multiplying the energy densities. The afterlife performance of sTOF-5 revealed efficiencies equivalent to fresh Nafion-117 and surpassed bearing >50% capacity after ≈3000 continuous cycles. With sTOF-5, the cell delivered a peak power (Pmax) of 2.3 W which is ≈60% higher than that of Nafion-117 (Pmax = 1.45 W).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeet Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Clean Energy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Kothandaraman Ramanujam
- Clean Energy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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2
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Yao Y, Lu Y, Xu J, Yu J, Guo L, Ding H, Li J, Liao J, Ang EH, Shen Z, Shen J. Rational regulation of post-electrodialysis electrochromic anion exchange membranes via TiO 2@Ag synergistically strengthens visible-light photocatalytic anti-contamination activity. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 263:122178. [PMID: 39096806 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-contamination during electrodialysis (ED) process is still a non-negligible challenge, while irreversible consumption and unsustainability have become the main bottlenecks limiting the improvement of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) anti-contamination activity. Here, we introduce a novel approach to design AEMs by chemically assembling 4-pyndinepropanol with bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO) in an electrochromic-inspired process. Subsequently, the co-mingled TiO2@Ag nanosheet with the casting-solution were sprayed onto the surface of the substrate membrane to create a micrometer-thick interfacial layer. The addition of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) enhances the active sites of TiO2, resulting in stronger local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects and reducing its energy band gap limitation (From 3.11 to 2.63 eV). Post-electrodialysis electrochromic AEMs incorporating TiO2@Ag exhibit synergistic enhancement of sunlight absorption, effectively suppressing photogenerated carrier binding and promoting migration. These resultant-membranes demonstrate significantly improved bacterial inhibition properties (42.0-fold increase for E. coli) and degradation activity (7.59-fold increase for rhodamine B) compared to pure TiO2 membranes. Importantly, they maintain photocatalytic activity without compromising salt-separation performance or stability, as the spraying process utilizes the same substrate materials. This approach to rational design and regulation of anti-contamination AEMs offers new insights into the collaborative synergy of color-changing and photocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Yueyue Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiacheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Heda Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Junbin Liao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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3
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Tian L, Wang M, Liao G, Liu B, Sun Y, Hu Y, Lu Z. Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternized Polybenzoxazine and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol-Co-Ethylene) for Acid Recovery by Diffusion Dialysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401361. [PMID: 39031662 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Acid recovery from acidic waste is a pressing issue in current times. Chemical methods for recovery are not economically feasible and require significant energy input to save the environment. This study reported a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for acid recovery by diffusion dialysis with excellent dimensional stability, high oxidation stability, good acid dialysis coefficient (UH +) and high separation factor (S). Semi-IPN AEMs are prepared by ring-open cross-linked quaternized polybenzoxazine (AQBZ) with poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene), where AQBZ is obtained by Mannich reaction and Menshutkin reaction. All four proportions of semi-IPNs exhibit clear micro-phase separation, which is conducive to ion transport. The water uptake (WU) of the four semi-IPNs ranges from 14.2 % to 19.2 %, while the swelling ratio (SR) remains between 8.7 % and 11.3 %. These results indicate that the cross-linked structure in the designed semi-IPNs effectively control swelling and ensure dimensional stability. The thermal degradation temperature (Td5) of semi-IPN4:6 to semi-IPN7:3 varies from 309 °C to 289 °C, with an oxidation stability weight loss rate (WOX) ranging from 91.5 % to 93.5 %, demonstrating excellent thermal stability and oxidation stability. The semi-IPNs also show good UH + values ranging from 11.9-16.3*10-3 m/h and high S values between 38.6 and 45.9, indicating the promising potential of the semi-IPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Dongying Hualian Petrochemical Co.Ltd., Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liao
- Dongying Hualian Petrochemical Co.Ltd., Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Baoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zaijun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
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4
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Khan MI, Shanableh A, Manzoor S, Fernandez J, Osman SM, Luque R. Design of tropinium-functionalized anion exchange membranes for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115932. [PMID: 37076029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion dialysis (DD) process utilizing anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is an environmentally-friendly and energy-efficient technology. From acidic wastewater, DD is needed for acid recovery. This research reports the development of a series of dense tropinium-functionalized AEMs via solution casting method. Fourier Infrared transform (FTIR) spectroscopy verified the successful preparation of AEMs. The developed AEMs exhibited a dense morphology, featuring 0.98-2.42 mmol/g of ion exchange capacity (IEC), 30-81% of water uptake (WR) and 7-32% of linear swelling ratio (LSR). They displayed exceptional mechanical, thermal and chemical stability and were employed for acid waste treatment from HCl/FeCl2 mixtures via DD process. AEMs possessed 20 to 59 (10-3 m/h) and 166 to 362 of acid diffusion dialysis coefficient (UH+) and separation factor (S) respectively at 25 °C. Compared to DF-120 commercial membrane (UH+ = 0.004 m/h, S = 24.3), their DD efficiency was improved under identical experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Suryyia Manzoor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Javier Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE, London, UK; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sameh M Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón, EC092302, Ecuador
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5
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Rathod NH, Upadhyay P, Pal S, Kulshrestha V. Highly Cross-Linked butene grafted poly (Vinyl Alcohol)–co-Vinyl pyridine based anion exchange membrane for improved acid recovery and desalination efficiency. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Pore functionalization of cationic covalent organic frameworks membrane: A case towards acid recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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7
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Patnaik P, Sarkar S, Pal S, Chatterjee U. Cu(I) catalyzed ATRP for the preparation of high-performance poly (vinylidene fluoride)-g-poly 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate crosslinked anion exchange membranes for enhanced acid recovery. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Recovery and enrichment of acid from metallurgical wastewater model by electrodialysis integrated diffusion dialysis system using poly(ethylene) based IEMs. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Investigation on flexible and thermally crosslinked bis-piperidinium-PPO anion exchange membrane (AEM) for electro-kinetic desalination and acid recovery. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Jin Y, Zhang X, Feng T, Li M, Xiao H, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Zhong J, Yang D. Construction of polysulfone anion exchange hybrid membranes by incorporating carbon quantum dots and facilitated transport mechanisms. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Kavitha E, Poonguzhali E, Nanditha D, Kapoor A, Arthanareeswaran G, Prabhakar S. Current status and future prospects of membrane separation processes for value recovery from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132690. [PMID: 34715105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Resource constraints and deteriorating environment have made it necessary to look for intensification of the industrial processes, to recover value from spent streams for reuse. The development of reverse osmosis has already established that water can be recovered from aqueous streams in a cost-effective and beneficial manner to the industries. With the development of several membrane processes and membrane materials, the possibility of recovering value from the effluents looks like a workable proposition. In this context, the potentialities of the different membrane processes in value recovery are presented. Among the pressure-driven processes, reverse osmosis can be used for the recovery of water as value. Nanofiltration has been used for the recovery of several dyes including crystal violet, congo red, methyl blue, etc., while ultrafiltration has been used in the fractionation of different solute species using membranes of different pore-size characteristics. Diffusion dialysis is found useful in the separation of acids from its salt solutions. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis has the potential to regenerate acid and base from salt solutions. Thermally driven membrane distillation can provide desalinated water, besides reducing the temperature of hot discharge streams. Passive membrane processes such as supported liquid membranes and membrane-assisted solvent extraction have been found useful in separating minor components from the wastewater streams. The details are discussed to drive home that membrane processes can be useful to achieve the objectives of value recovery, in a cost-effective manner through process intensification, as they are more compact and individual streams can be treated and value used seamlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kavitha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Poonguzhali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Nanditha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Prabhakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Synthesis of Porous BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12010095. [PMID: 35054621 PMCID: PMC8778702 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion dialysis (DD) is an anion exchange membrane-based functional separation process used for acid recovery. TMA (trimethylamine) and BPPO (brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) were utilized in this manuscript to formulate AEMs (anion exchange membranes) for DD (diffusion dialysis) using the phase-inversion technique. FTIR (Fourier transfer infrared) analysis, proton NMR spectroscopy, morphology, IEC (ion exchange capacity), LER (linear expansion ratio), CR (fixed group concentration), WR (water uptake/adsorption), water contact angle, chemical, and thermal stability, were all used to evaluate the prepared membranes. The effect of TMA content within the membrane matrix on acid recovery was also briefly discussed. It was reported that porous AEMs have a WR of 149.6% to 233.8%, IEC (ion exchange capacity) of 0.71 to 1.43 mmol/g, CR (fixed group concentration) that ranged from 0.0046 mol/L to 0.0056 mol/L, LER of 3.88% to 9.23%, and a water contact angle of 33.10° to 78.58°. The UH (acid dialysis coefficients) for designed porous membranes were found to be 0.0043 to 0.012 m/h, with separation factors (S) ranging from 13.14 to 32.87 at the temperature of 25 °C. These observations are comparable to those found in the DF-120B commercial membrane with UH of 0.004 m/h and S of 24.3 m/h at the same temperature (25 °C). This porous membranes proposed in this paper are excellent choices for acid recovery through the diffusion dialysis process.
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13
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Narducci R, Sgreccia E, Knauth P, Di Vona ML. Anion Exchange Membranes with 1D, 2D and 3D Fillers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3887. [PMID: 34833189 PMCID: PMC8622584 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) are clean energy conversion devices that are an attractive alternative to the more common proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), because they present, among others, the advantage of not using noble metals like platinum as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. The interest in this technology has increased exponentially over the recent years. Unfortunately, the low durability of anion exchange membranes (AEM) in basic conditions limits their use on a large scale. We present in this review composite AEM with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional fillers, an approach commonly used to enhance the fuel cell performance and stability. The most important filler types, which are discussed in this review, are carbon and titanate nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide, layered double hydroxides, silica and zirconia nanoparticles. The functionalization of the fillers is the most important key to successful property improvement. The recent progress of mechanical properties, ionic conductivity and FC performances of composite AEM is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Narducci
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
| | - Emanuela Sgreccia
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
| | - Philippe Knauth
- CNRS, Madirel (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix Marseille University, F-13013 Marseille, France;
| | - Maria Luisa Di Vona
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
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14
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Integration of membrane technologies to enhance the sustainability in the treatment of metal-containing acidic liquid wastes. An overview. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Khan MI, Shanableh A, Elboughdiri N, Kriaa K, Ghernaout D, Ghareba S, Khraisheh M, Lashari MH. Higher Acid Recovery Efficiency of Novel Functionalized Inorganic/Organic Composite Anion Exchange Membranes from Acidic Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020133. [PMID: 33672853 PMCID: PMC7918162 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of a series of the functionalized inorganic/organic composite anion exchange membranes (AEMs) was carried out by employing the varying amount of inorganic filler consist of N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMSP-TMA+Cl-) into the quaternized poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (QPPO) matrix for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis (DD) process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy clearly demonstrated the fabrication of the functionalized inorganic/organic composite AEMs and the subsequent membrane characteristic measurements such as ion exchange capacity (IEC), linear swelling ratio (LSR), and water uptake (WR) gave us the optimum loading condition of the filler without undesirable filler particle aggregation. These composite AEMs exhibited IEC of 2.18 to 2.29 meq/g, LSR of 13.33 to 18.52%, and WR of 46.11 to 81.66% with sufficient thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. The diffusion dialysis (DD) test for acid recovery from artificial acid wastewater of HCl/FeCl2 showed high acid DD coefficient (UH+) (0.022 to 0.025 m/h) and high separation factor (S) (139-260) compared with the commercial membrane. Furthermore, the developed AEMs was acceptably stable (weight loss < 20%) in the acid wastewater at 60 °C as an accelerated severe condition for 2 weeks. These results clearly indicated that the developed AEMs have sufficient potential for acid recovery application by DD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-563-404-827
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81441, Saudi Arabia; (N.E.); (D.G.); (S.G.)
- Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineering Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6011, Tunisia;
| | - Karim Kriaa
- Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineering Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6011, Tunisia;
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Djamel Ghernaout
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81441, Saudi Arabia; (N.E.); (D.G.); (S.G.)
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida, P.O. Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Saad Ghareba
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81441, Saudi Arabia; (N.E.); (D.G.); (S.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, ElMergib University, Alkhums 40414, Libya
| | - Majeda Khraisheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
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16
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Zhang P, Wu Y, Liu W, Cui P, Huang Q, Ran J. Construction of two dimensional anion exchange membranes to boost acid recovery performances. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Regulation of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sulfonated Nano-TiO 2 Hybrid Membranes Interface Promotes Diffusion Dialysis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010014. [PMID: 33374509 PMCID: PMC7793141 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to emphasize that the adjustment of an organic–inorganic interfacial chemical environment plays an important role during the separation performance of composite materials. In this paper, a series of hybrid membranes were prepared by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and sulfonated nano-TiO2 (SNT) suspension. The effects of different interfacial chemical surroundings on ions transfer were explored by regulating the dosage content of SNT. The as-prepared membranes exhibited high thermal and mechanical stability, with initial decomposition temperatures of 220–253 °C, tensile strengths of 31.5–53.4 MPa, and elongations at break of 74.5–146.0%. The membranes possessed moderate water uptake (WR) values of 90.9–101.7% and acceptable alkali resistances (swelling degrees were 187.2–206.5% and weight losses were 10.0–20.8%). The as-prepared membranes were used for the alkali recovery of a NaOH/Na2WO4 system via the diffusion dialysis process successfully. The results showed that the dialysis coefficients of OH− (UOH) were in a range of 0.013–0.022 m/h, and separate factors (S) were in an acceptable range of 22–33. Sulfonic groups in the interfacial regions and –OH in the PVA main chains were both deemed to play corporate roles during the transport of Na+ and OH−.
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