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Kishore V, Gaiwala Sharma SS, Raghunand TR. Septum site placement in Mycobacteria - identification and characterisation of mycobacterial homologues of Escherichia coli MinD. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001359. [PMID: 37526955 PMCID: PMC10482377 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A major virulence trait of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is its ability to enter a dormant state within its human host. Since cell division is intimately linked to metabolic shut down, understanding the mechanism of septum formation and its integration with other events in the division pathway is likely to offer clues to the molecular basis of dormancy. The M. tb genome lacks obvious homologues of several conserved cell division proteins, and this study was aimed at identifying and functionally characterising mycobacterial homologues of the E. coli septum site specification protein MinD (Ec MinD). Sequence homology based analyses suggested that the genomes of both M. tb and the saprophyte Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) encode two putative Ec MinD homologues - Rv1708/MSMEG_3743 and Rv3660c/ MSMEG_6171. Of these, Rv1708/MSMEG_3743 were found to be the true homologues, through complementation of the E. coli ∆minDE mutant HL1, overexpression studies, and structural comparisons. Rv1708 and MSMEG_3743 fully complemented the mini-cell phenotype of HL1, and over-expression of MSMEG_3743 in M. smegmatis led to cell elongation and a drastic decrease in c.f.u. counts, indicating its essentiality in cell-division. MSMEG_3743 displayed ATPase activity, consistent with its containing a conserved Walker A motif. Interaction of Rv1708 with the chromosome associated proteins ScpA and ParB, implied a link between its septum formation role, and chromosome segregation. Comparative structural analyses showed Rv1708 to be closer in similarity to Ec MinD than Rv3660c. In summary we identify Rv1708 and MSMEG_3743 to be homologues of Ec MinD, adding a critical missing piece to the mycobacterial cell division puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kishore
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road Hyderabad - 500007, India
- Present address: National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), NCCS Complex, University of Pune Campus, Pune University Rd, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Sujata S. Gaiwala Sharma
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road Hyderabad - 500007, India
- Present address: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Tirumalai R. Raghunand
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road Hyderabad - 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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The MinCDE Cell Division System Participates in the Regulation of Type III Secretion System (T3SS) Genes, Bacterial Virulence, and Motility in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081549. [PMID: 36013967 PMCID: PMC9414521 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, which is one of the most severe bacterial diseases in rice in some Asian countries. The type III secretion system (T3SS) of Xoo encoded by the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes is essential for its pathogenicity in host rice. Here, we identified the Min system (MinC, MinD, and MinE), a negative regulatory system for bacterial cell division encoded by minC, minD, and minE genes, which is involved in negative regulation of hrp genes (hrpB1 and hrpF) in Xoo. We found that the deletion of minC, minD, and minCDE resulted in enhanced hrpB1 and hrpF expression, which is dependent on two key hrp regulators HrpG and HrpX. The minC, minD, and minCDE mutants exhibited elongated cell lengths, and the classic Min system-defective cell morphology including minicells and short filamentations. Mutation of minC in Xoo resulted in significantly impaired virulence in host rice, swimming motility, and enhanced biofilm formation. Our transcriptome profiling also indicated some virulence genes were differentially expressed in the minC mutants. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the Min system participating in the regulation of T3SS expression. It sheds light on the understanding of Xoo virulence mechanisms.
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MinC N- and C-Domain Interactions Modulate FtsZ Assembly, Division Site Selection, and MinD-Dependent Oscillation in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00374-18. [PMID: 30455283 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00374-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Min system in Escherichia coli, consisting of MinC, MinD, and MinE proteins, regulates division site selection by preventing assembly of the FtsZ-ring (Z-ring) and exhibits polar oscillation in vivo MinC antagonizes FtsZ polymerization, and in vivo, the cellular location of MinC is controlled by a direct association with MinD at the membrane. To further understand the interactions of MinC with FtsZ and MinD, we performed a mutagenesis screen to identify substitutions in minC that are associated with defects in cell division. We identified amino acids in both the N- and C-domains of MinC that are important for direct interactions with FtsZ and MinD in vitro, as well as mutations that modify the observed in vivo oscillation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MinC. Our results indicate that there are two distinct surface-exposed sites on MinC that are important for direct interactions with FtsZ, one at a cleft on the surface of the N-domain and a second on the C-domain that is adjacent to the MinD interaction site. Mutation of either of these sites leads to slower oscillation of GFP-MinC in vivo, although the MinC mutant proteins are still capable of a direct interaction with MinD in phospholipid recruitment assays. Furthermore, we demonstrate that interactions between FtsZ and both sites of MinC identified here are important for assembly of FtsZ-MinC-MinD complexes and that the conserved C-terminal end of FtsZ is not required for MinC-MinD complex formation with GTP-dependent FtsZ polymers.IMPORTANCE Bacterial cell division proceeds through the coordinated assembly of the FtsZ-ring, or Z-ring, at the site of division. Assembly of the Z-ring requires polymerization of FtsZ, which is regulated by several proteins in the cell. In Escherichia coli, the Min system, which contains MinC, MinD, and MinE proteins, exhibits polar oscillation and inhibits the assembly of FtsZ at nonseptal locations. Here, we identify regions on the surface of MinC that are important for contacting FtsZ and destabilizing FtsZ polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashoka Chary Taviti
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Tushar Kant Beuria
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Ke L, Cao LJ, Geng MT, Wang CC, Yao Y, Xiao Y, Huang W, Li RM, Min Y, Guo JC. Identification and expression analysis of MinD gene involved in plastid division in cassava. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:76-86. [PMID: 30286695 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1520075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cassava is a tropical crop known for its starchy root and excellent properties. Considering that starch biosynthesis in the amyloplast is affected by its division, it appears conceivable that the regulation of plastid division plays an important role in starch accumulation. As a member of the Min system genes, MinD participated in the spatial regulation of the position of the plastid division site.In our studies, sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that MeMinD has been highly conserved during the evolutionary process. Subcellular localisation indicated that MeMinD carries a chloroplast transit peptide and was localised in the chloroplast. Overexpression of MeMinD resulted in division site misplacement and filamentous formation in E. coli, indicating that MeMinD protein was functional across species. MeMinD exhibited different spatial and temporal expression patterns which was highly expressed in the source compared to that in the sink organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ke
- a Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource , Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University , Haikou , China
| | - Liang-Jing Cao
- b Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , China
| | - Meng-Ting Geng
- a Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource , Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University , Haikou , China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- a Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource , Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University , Haikou , China
| | - Yuan Yao
- b Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , China
| | - Yu Xiao
- a Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource , Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University , Haikou , China
| | - Wu Huang
- a Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource , Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University , Haikou , China
| | - Rui-Mei Li
- b Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , China
| | - Yi Min
- a Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource , Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University , Haikou , China
| | - Jian-Chun Guo
- b Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , China
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Ayed SH, Cloutier AD, McLeod LJ, Foo ACY, Damry AM, Goto NK. Dissecting the role of conformational change and membrane binding by the bacterial cell division regulator MinE in the stimulation of MinD ATPase activity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20732-20743. [PMID: 29066619 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell division regulators MinD and MinE together with the division inhibitor MinC localize to the membrane in concentrated zones undergoing coordinated pole-to-pole oscillation to help ensure that the cytokinetic division septum forms only at the mid-cell position. This dynamic localization is driven by MinD-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis, stimulated by interactions with MinE's anti-MinCD domain. This domain is buried in the 6-β-stranded MinE "closed" structure, but is liberated for interactions with MinD, giving rise to a 4-β-stranded "open" structure through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that MinE-membrane interactions induce a structural change into a state resembling the open conformation. However, MinE mutants lacking the MinE membrane-targeting sequence stimulated higher ATP hydrolysis rates than the full-length protein, indicating that binding to MinD is sufficient to trigger this conformational transition in MinE. In contrast, conformational change between the open and closed states did not affect stimulation of ATP hydrolysis rates in the absence of membrane binding, although the MinD-binding residue Ile-25 is critical for this conformational transition. We therefore propose an updated model where MinE is brought to the membrane through interactions with MinD. After stimulation of ATP hydrolysis, MinE remains bound to the membrane in a state that does not catalyze additional rounds of ATP hydrolysis. Although the molecular basis for this inhibited state is unknown, previous observations of higher-order MinE self-association may explain this inhibition. Overall, our findings have general implications for Min protein oscillation cycles, including those that regulate cell division in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud H Ayed
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adam D Cloutier
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Laura J McLeod
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexander C Y Foo
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adam M Damry
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Natalie K Goto
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Huang L, Qin Y, Yan Q, Lin G, Huang L, Huang B, Huang W. MinD plays an important role in Aeromonas hydrophila adherence to Anguilla japonica mucus. Gene 2015; 565:275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu GL, Parti RP, Dillon JAR. Suppression of ERK activation in urethral epithelial cells infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its isogenic minD mutant contributes to anti-apoptosis. Microbes Infect 2014; 17:317-22. [PMID: 25554485 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In gonococci-infected transduced human urethral epithelial cells (THUEC), the role of ERK, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in apoptosis is unknown. We observed lowering of ERK activation in THUEC following infection with anti-apoptosis-inducing Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain CH811. An isogenic cell division mutant of this strain, Ng CJSD1 (minD deficient), which is large and abnormally shaped, reduced ERK phosphorylation levels even more than its parental strain in THUEC. This led to higher anti-apoptosis in mutant-infected cells as compared to the parental strain-infected cells. Our results suggest that N. gonorrhoeae infection reduces ERK activation in THUEC contributing to anti-apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuanQun L Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, W.P. Thompson Building 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Rajinder P Parti
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, W.P. Thompson Building 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E2, Canada; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E3, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne R Dillon
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, W.P. Thompson Building 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E2, Canada; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E3, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E5, Canada.
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Shih YL, Zheng M. Spatial control of the cell division site by the Min system in Escherichia coli. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:3229-39. [PMID: 23574354 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Min system of Escherichia coli is involved in mediating placement of the cell division site at the midcell; this is accomplished through partitioning of the cell division inhibitor MinC to the cell poles to block aberrant polar division. The partitioning of MinC is achieved through its interaction with MinDE, which alternates its cellular distribution periodically between opposite cell poles throughout the cell cycle. This dynamic oscillation is the result of intricate molecular interactions occurring between the three Min proteins on the membrane in a spatiotemporal manner. In this minireview, we discuss recent developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the E. coli Min system from cellular, biochemical and biophysical perspectives. In addition, we propose a model that involves the balancing of different molecular interactions at different stages of the oscillation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Shih
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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Nguyen THK, Doan VTT, Ha LD, Nguyen HN. Molecular Cloning, Expression of minD Gene from Lactobacillus acidophilus VTCC-B-871 and Analyses to Identify Lactobacillus rhamnosus PN04 from Vietnam Hottuynia cordata Thunb. Indian J Microbiol 2013; 53:385-90. [PMID: 24426140 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The minD gene encoding an inhibitor cell division MinD homolog from Lactobacillus acidophilus VTCC-B-871 was cloned. We showed that there were 97 % homology between minD genes of L. acidophilus VTCC-B-871 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lc705. Based on the analysis of the DNA sequence data from the L. rhamnosus genome project and sequenced minD gene of L. acidophilus VTCC-B-871, a pair of primers was designed to identified the different minD genes from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, L. rhamnosus ATCC 11443. Besides, the polymerase chain reaction product of minD gene was also obtained in L. rhamnosus PN04, a strain was isolated from Vietnamese Hottuynia cordata Thunb. In addition, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of MinD homologs from L. acidophilus VTCC-B-871 with the other strains and compared the predicted three-dimension structure of L. acidophilus VTCC-B-871 MinD with Escherichia coli MinD, there are similarity that showed evolution of these strains. The overexpression of L. acidophilus VTCC-B-871 MinD in E. coli led to cell filamentation in IPTG and morphology changes in different sugar stresses, interestingly. The present study is the first report characterizing the Lactobacilus MinD homolog that will be useful in probiotic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Hoang Khue Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Hochiminh City National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Thi Thanh Doan
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Hochiminh City National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Ly Dieu Ha
- Department of Reference Substances, Institute for Drug Quality Control, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Huu Ngoc Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Hochiminh City National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
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Parti RP, Horbay MA, Liao M, Dillon JAR. Regulation of minD by oxyR in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Res Microbiol 2013; 164:406-15. [PMID: 23434849 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In Neisseria gonorrhoeae, cytokinesis involves Escherichia coli homologues of minC, minD and minE which are encoded as part of a min operon. MinD, a 30 kD protein component of the MinC-MinD septum inhibitory complex, together with MinE, mediates cell division site selection. Gonococci mutated in minD display aberrant cytokinesis, abnormal morphology, defective microcolony formation and virulence. minD is 274 bp upstream of oxyR, another min operon gene in N. gonorrhoeae, which encodes a redox-responsive transcriptional regulator implicated in responses to oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to examine the oxyR-mediated regulation of minD. We observed the cotranscription of oxyR with the minCDE gene cluster. The mutation of oxyR resulted in non-midline formation of the division septum, anomalous DNA segregation, and increased aggregation of bacterial cells. qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis revealed upregulation of minD in an oxyR mutant as compared to its isogenic wild-type N. gonorrhoeae strain in stationary phase. Furthermore, the exposure to oxidative stress in the form of H2O2 increased MinD expression levels in wild-type N. gonorrhoeae. Using β-galactosidase activity-based promoter assays, we found that oxyR negatively regulates the promoter region (PminD) upstream of minD. Our results demonstrate the involvement of oxyR in cell division and minD expression in N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder P Parti
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Parti RP, Biswas D, Wang M, Liao M, Dillon JAR. A minD mutant of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 has reduced adherence to human epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2011; 51:378-83. [PMID: 21798335 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to epithelial cells is a prerequisite for intestinal colonization by the bacterial pathogen, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). The deletion of minD, a cell division gene, in EHEC caused reduced adherence to human epithelioid cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and human colonic adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells as compared to wild-type. The minD mutant formed minicells and filaments owing to aberrant cytokinesis. Moreover, its ability to form microcolonies as typically seen in the co-cultures of wild-type with Caco-2 cells, was abolished. In conclusion, the present study highlights the importance of minD in regards to EHEC adherence to human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder P Parti
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3
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