2
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Guo Z, Yin H, Wei X, Zhu M, Lu G, Dang Z. Effects of methanol on the performance of a novel BDE-47 degrading bacterial consortium QY2 in the co-metabolism process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125698. [PMID: 33773249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47), frequently detected in the environment, is arduous to be removed by conventional biological treatments due to its persistence and toxicity. Herein effects of methanol as a co-metabolic substrate on the biodegradation of BDE-47 was systematically studied by a functional bacterial consortium QY2, constructed through long-term and successive acclimation from indigenous microorganisms. The results revealed that BDE-47 (0.25 mg/L) was completely removed within 7 days in the 2.5 mM methanol treatment group, and its degradation efficiency was 3.26 times higher than that without methanol treatment. The addition of methanol dramatically accelerated the debromination, hydroxylation and phenyl ether bond breakage of BDE-47 by QY2. However, excessive methanol (>5 mM) combined with BDE-47 had strong stress on microbial cells, including significant (p < 0.05) increase of reactive oxygen species level, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and malondialdehyde content, even causing 20.65% cell apoptosis and 11.27% death. It was worth noting that the changes of QY2 community structure remained relatively stable after adding methanol, presumably attributed to the important role of the genus Methylobacterium in maintaining the functional and structural stability of QY2. This study deepened our understanding of how methanol as co-metabolite substances stimulated the biodegradation of BDE-47 by microbial consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xipeng Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghan Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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3
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Chen H, Wang M, Li M, Lian C, Zhou L, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhong Z, Wang H, Cao L, Li C. A glimpse of deep-sea adaptation in chemosynthetic holobionts: Depressurization causes DNA fragmentation and cell death of methanotrophic endosymbionts rather than their deep-sea Bathymodiolinae host. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2298-2312. [PMID: 33774874 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bathymodiolinae mussels are typical species in deep-sea cold seeps and hydrothermal vents and an ideal model for investigating chemosynthetic symbiosis and the influence of high hydrostatic pressure on deep-sea organisms. Herein, the potential influence of depressurization on DNA fragmentation and cell death in Bathymodiolinae hosts and their methanotrophic symbionts were surveyed using isobaric and unpressurized samples. As a hallmark of cell death, massive DNA fragmentation was observed in methanotrophic symbionts from unpressurized Bathymodiolinae while several endonucleases and restriction enzymes were upregulated. Additionally, genes involved in DNA repair, glucose/methane metabolism as well as two-component regulatory system were also differentially expressed in depressurized symbionts. DNA fragmentation and programmed cell death, however, were rarely detected in the host bacteriocytes owing to the orchestrated upregulation of inhibitor of apoptosis genes and downregulation of caspase genes. Meanwhile, diverse host immune recognition receptors were promoted during depressurization, probably enabling the regain of symbionts. When the holobionts were subjected to a prolonged acclimation at atmospheric pressure, alternations in both the DNA fragmentation and the expression atlas of aforesaid genes were continuously observed in symbionts, demonstrating the persistent influence of depressurization. Contrarily, the host cells demonstrated certain tolerance against depressurization stress as expression level of some immune-related genes returned to the basal level in isobaric samples. Altogether, the present study illustrates the distinct stress responses of Bathymodiolinae hosts and their methanotrophic symbionts against depressurization, which could provide further insight into the deep-sea adaptation of Bathymodiolinae holobionts while highlighting the necessity of using isobaric sampling methods in deep-sea research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengna Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Delou JMA, Biasoli D, Borges HL. The Complex Link between Apoptosis and Autophagy: a Promising New Role for RB. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 88:2257-2275. [PMID: 27991962 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620160127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological processes, as autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis are affected during carcinogenesis. Restoring cellular sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, such as the antineoplastic cocktails, has been explored as a strategy to eliminate cancer cells. Autophagy, a physiological process of recycling organelles and macromolecules can be deviated from homeostasis to support cancer cells survival, proliferation, escape from apoptosis, and therapy resistance. The relationship between autophagy and apoptosis is complex and many stimuli can induce both processes. Most chemotherapeutic agents induce autophagy and it is not clear whether and how this chemotherapy-induced autophagy might contribute to resistance to apoptosis. Here, we review current strategies to sensitize cancer cells by interfering with autophagy. Moreover, we discuss a new link between autophagy and apoptosis: the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB). Inactivation of RB is one of the earliest and more frequent hallmarks of cancer transformation, known to control cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Therefore, understanding RB functions in controlling cell fate is essential for an effective translation of RB status in cancer samples to the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M A Delou
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Deborah Biasoli
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena L Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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5
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Raghuram GV, Gupta D, Subramaniam S, Gaikwad A, Khare NK, Nobre M, Nair NK, Mittra I. Physical shearing imparts biological activity to DNA and ability to transmit itself horizontally across species and kingdom boundaries. BMC Mol Biol 2017; 18:21. [PMID: 28793862 PMCID: PMC5550992 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-017-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently reported that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments derived from dying cells that circulate in blood are biologically active molecules and can readily enter into healthy cells to activate DNA damage and apoptotic responses in the recipients. However, DNA is not conventionally known to spontaneously enter into cells or to have any intrinsic biological activity. We hypothesized that cellular entry and acquisition of biological properties are functions of the size of DNA. Results To test this hypothesis, we generated small DNA fragments by sonicating high molecular weight DNA (HMW DNA) to mimic circulating cfDNA. Sonication of HMW DNA isolated from cancerous and non-cancerous human cells, bacteria and plant generated fragments 300–3000 bp in size which are similar to that reported for circulating cfDNA. We show here that while HMW DNAs were incapable of entering into cells, sonicated DNA (sDNA) from different sources could do so indiscriminately without heed to species or kingdom boundaries. Thus, sDNA from human cells and those from bacteria and plant could enter into nuclei of mouse cells and sDNA from human, bacterial and plant sources could spontaneously enter into bacteria. The intracellular sDNA associated themselves with host cell chromosomes and integrated into their genomes. Furthermore, sDNA, but not HMW DNA, from all four sources could phosphorylate H2AX and activate the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in mouse cells, indicating that sDNAs had acquired biological activities. Conclusions Our results show that small fragments of DNA from different sources can indiscriminately enter into other cells across species and kingdom boundaries to integrate into their genomes and activate biological processes. This raises the possibility that fragmented DNA that are generated following organismal cell-death may have evolutionary implications by acting as mobile genetic elements that are involved in horizontal gene transfer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-017-0098-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorantla Venkata Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Deepika Gupta
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Siddharth Subramaniam
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Ashwini Gaikwad
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Malcolm Nobre
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Nair
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India.
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6
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Decker AR, Ramamurthi KS. Cell Death Pathway That Monitors Spore Morphogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:637-647. [PMID: 28408070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of quality control mechanisms to stall developmental pathways or completely remove defective cells from a population is a widespread strategy to ensure the integrity of morphogenetic programs. Endospore formation (sporulation) is a well conserved microbial developmental strategy in the Firmicutes phylum wherein a progenitor cell that faces starvation differentiates to form a dormant spore. Despite the conservation of this strategy, it has been unclear what selective pressure maintains the fitness of this developmental program, composed of hundreds of unique genes, during multiple rounds of vegetative growth when sporulation is not required. Recently, a quality control pathway was discovered in Bacillus subtilis which monitors the assembly of the spore envelope and specifically eliminates, through cell lysis, sporulating cells that assemble the envelope incorrectly. Here, we review the use of checkpoints that govern the entry into sporulation in B. subtilis and discuss how the use of regulated cell death pathways during bacterial development may help maintain the fidelity of the sporulation program in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Decker
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kumaran S Ramamurthi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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7
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Tan IS, Weiss CA, Popham DL, Ramamurthi KS. A Quality-Control Mechanism Removes Unfit Cells from a Population of Sporulating Bacteria. Dev Cell 2015; 34:682-93. [PMID: 26387458 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of regulated cell death in bacteria have led to speculation about possible benefits that apoptosis-like pathways may confer to single-celled organisms. However, establishing how these pathways provide increased ecological fitness has remained difficult to determine. Here, we report a pathway in Bacillus subtilis in which regulated cell death maintains the fidelity of sporulation through selective removal of cells that misassemble the spore envelope. The spore envelope, which protects the dormant spore's genome from environmental insults, uses the protein SpoIVA as a scaffold for assembly. We found that disrupting envelope assembly activates a cell death pathway wherein the small protein CmpA acts as an adaptor to the AAA+ ClpXP protease to degrade SpoIVA, thereby halting sporulation and resulting in lysis of defective sporulating cells. We propose that removal of unfit cells from a population of terminally differentiating cells protects against evolutionary deterioration and ultimately loss of the sporulation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene S Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH-Johns Hopkins University Graduate Partnership Program, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Cordelia A Weiss
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David L Popham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kumaran S Ramamurthi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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