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Structural Features and Immunomodulatory Effects of Water-Extractable Polysaccharides from Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080848. [PMID: 36012836 PMCID: PMC9410249 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolepiota procera (MP) is an edible mushroom used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and inflammation. However, the structure and biological effects of its polysaccharides (PSs) are unclear. This study investigates the structural features of a PS complex from MP (MP-PSC), its immunomodulatory activities and effects on probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. MP-PSC was obtained by boiling water, and PSs were characterized by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The immunomodulatory effects on blood and derived neutrophils, other leukocytes, and murine macrophages were studied by flow cytometry, chemiluminescence, spectrophotometry, and ELISA. The total carbohydrate content of MP-PSC was 74.2%, with glycogen occupying 36.7%, followed by β-D-glucan, α-L-fuco-2-(1,6)-D-galactan, and β-D-glucomannan. MP-PSC (200 μg/mL) increased the number of CD14+ monocyte cells in the blood, after ex vivo incubation for 24 h. It dose-dependently (50–200 μg/mL) activated the spontaneous oxidative burst of whole blood phagocytes, NO, and interleukin 6 productions in RAW264.7 cells. MP-PSC exhibited a low antioxidant activity and failed to suppress the oxidative burst and NO generation, induced by inflammatory agents. It (2.0%, w/v) stimulated probiotic co-cultures and hindered the growth and biofilm development of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella enterica. MP PSs can be included in synbiotics to test their immunostimulating effects on compromised immune systems and gut health.
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Zeng J, Luan F, Hu J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Qin T, Zhang X, Liu R, Zeng N. Recent research advances in polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida: Isolation, structures, bioactivities, and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:325-354. [PMID: 35240211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida, one of the most widespread seafood consumed in China and many other nations, has been traditionally utilized as an effective therapeutically active substance for edema, phlegm elimination and diuresis, and detumescence for more than 2000 years. Numerous studies have found that polysaccharides of U. pinnatifida play an indispensable role in the nutritional and medicinal value. The water extraction and alcohol precipitation method are the most used method. More than 40 U. pinnatifida polysaccharides (UPPs) were successfully isolated and purified from U. pinnatifida, whereas only few of them were well characterized. Pharmacological studies have shown that UPPs have high-order structural features and multiple biological activities, including anti-tumor, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulating, antithrombosis, antihypertension, antibacterial, and renoprotection. In addition, the structural characteristics of UPPs are closely related to their biological activity. In this review, the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, clinical settings, toxicities, structure-activity relationships and industrial application of UPPs are comprehensively summarized. The structural characteristics and biological activities as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of UPPs were also outlined. Furthermore, the clinical settings and structure-activity functions of UPPs were highlighted. Some research perspectives and challenges in the study of UPPs were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuseng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Xiumeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Tiantian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
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Lin Z, Tan X, Zhang Y, Li F, Luo P, Liu H. Molecular Targets and Related Biologic Activities of Fucoidan: A Review. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E376. [PMID: 32707775 PMCID: PMC7459501 DOI: 10.3390/md18080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan-a marine natural active polysaccharide derived from brown algae with a variety of medicinal activities and low toxicity-has been used as clinical drug for renal diseases for nearly 20 years. The pharmacological mechanism of fucoidan has been well-investigated, based on target molecules and downstream signaling pathways. This review summarizes some important molecular targets of fucoidan and its related biologic activities, including scavenger receptor (SR), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin (CLEC) and some newly found target molecules, which may be beneficial for further understanding the pharmacological mechanism of fucoidan and discovering its new functions, as well as developing related clinical or adjuvant drugs and functional preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huazhong Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry & Environment Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.L.); (X.T.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.); (P.L.)
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Alexandre SM, Corradi da Silva ML, Vasconcelos AF, Exposti DT, Tischer CA, Prieto A, Diaz D, Kaneno R. Rhizoctonia solani fucomannogalactan: Chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Perrotta I, Russo E, Camastra C, Filice G, Di Mizio G, Colosimo F, Ricci P, Tripepi S, Amorosi A, Triumbari F, Donato G. New evidence for a critical role of elastin in calcification of native heart valves: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with literature review. Histopathology 2011; 59:504-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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