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Capote-Bonato FG, Bonato DV, Ayer IM, Silva de Lima C, Magalhães LF, Spada CA, Magalhães GM, de Mattos Junior E, Maia Teixeira PP, Negri M, Crivellenti LZ, Estivalet Svidzinski TI. Ascending renal infection following experimental candiduria by Candida tropicalis in immunocompromised mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106295. [PMID: 37562493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated renal infection resulting from the implantation of C. tropicalis in the bladder of immunosuppressed mice. Yeasts were implanted in two manners: planktonic and via preformed biofilm on a small catheter fragment (SCF). Renal histopathology and cultures was performed 72 and 144 h after cystotomy was carried out in mice from three groups: group I contained non-contaminated mice implanted with a sterile SCF; group II mice received a sterile SCF plus a yeast suspension containing 1 × 107 yeasts/mL in a planktonic form; group III mice were implanted with a SCF containing preformed C. tropicalis biofilm. Viable yeasts were found in the kidneys of mice from both groups II and III. However, after 72 h the planktonic cells (group II) invaded more quickly than the sessile cells (group III). Over a longer period (144 h), group III exhibited a more invasive infection (50% of the animals presented renal infection and the renal fungal load was 3.2 log10 CFU/g tissue) than in group II, where yeasts were not found. C. tropicalis introduced into the bladder in two ways (in planktonic or biofilm form) were able to reach the kidney and establish a renal fungal infection, causing interstitial disorders. The data of the present study therefore support the hypothesis of an ascending pathway for renal infections by C. tropicalis. Furthermore, the biofilm resulted in a greater and progressive risk of renal infection, attributed to the slow detachment of the yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francieli Gesleine Capote-Bonato
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282-Centro, 87502-210, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Denis Vinicius Bonato
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282-Centro, 87502-210, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ilan Munhoz Ayer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Franca University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecilia Aparecida Spada
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282-Centro, 87502-210, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Melyssa Negri
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Medical Mycology Division, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Salvador A, Veiga FF, Svidzinski TIE, Negri M. In vitro ability of Fusarium keratoplasticum to form biofilms in venous catheter. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Costa PDS, Prado A, Bagon NP, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Mixed Fungal Biofilms: From Mycobiota to Devices, a New Challenge on Clinical Practice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091721. [PMID: 36144323 PMCID: PMC9506030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that allow the evaluation of fungal morphology and the identification of the etiologic agent of mycosis. Most current protocols for the diagnosis of fungal infections are based on culture-dependent methods that enable the examination of the fungi for further identification of the etiological agent of the mycosis. The isolation of fungi from pure cultures is typically recommended, as when more than one species is identified, the second agent is considered a contaminant. Fungi mostly survive in highly organized communities that provoke changes in phenotypic profile, increase resistance to antifungals and environmental stresses, and facilitate evasion from the immune system. Mixed fungal biofilms (MFB) harbor more than one fungal species, wherein exchange can occur that potentialize the effects of these virulence factors. However, little is known about MFB and their role in infectious processes, particularly in terms of how each species may synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis. Here, we review fungi present in MFB that are commensals of the human body, forming the mycobiota, and how their participation in MFB affects the maintenance of homeostasis. In addition, we discuss how MFB are formed on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, thus being a significant reservoir of microorganisms that have already been associated in infectious processes of high morbidity and mortality.
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Eix EF, Nett JE. How Biofilm Growth Affects Candida-Host Interactions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1437. [PMID: 32670252 PMCID: PMC7329980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. proliferate as surface-associated biofilms in a variety of clinical niches. These biofilms can be extremely difficult to eradicate in healthcare settings. Cells within biofilm communities grow as aggregates and produce a protective extracellular matrix, properties that impact the ability of the host to respond to infection. Cells that disperse from biofilms display a phenotype of enhanced pathogenicity. In this review, we highlight host-biofilm interactions for Candida, focusing on how biofilm formation influences innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Eix
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeniel E Nett
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Moralez AP, Perini HF, Paulo EA, Furlaneto-Maia L, Furlaneto MC. Effect of phenotypic switching on biofilm traits in Candida tropicalis. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104346. [PMID: 32562809 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Candida tropicalis can undergo multiple forms of phenotypic switching. We have reported a switching system in C. tropicalis that is associated with changes in virulence attributes. We aimed to assess biofilm formation by distinct switch states of C. tropicalis and evaluate whether their sessile cells exhibit altered virulence traits. C. tropicalis strains included the parental phenotype (a clinical isolate) and four switch phenotypes (crepe, rough, revertant of crepe and revertant of rough). Biofilm formation and adhesion capability of sessile cells on polystyrene were assessed through quantification of total biomass. Filamentous forms were characterized by direct counting of sessile cells. A virulence assay was conducted using the Galleria mellonella infection model. Switch variants (crepe and rough) and their revertant counterparts produced higher biofilm biomass (P < 0.05) than the parental strain. Additionally, filamentous forms were enriched among sessile cells of switched strains compared to those observed for sessile cells of the parental strain, with the exception of the revertant of rough. Sessile cells of switched strains showed higher adhesion to polystyrene compared to the parental strain. Sessile cells of the crepe variant and its revertant strain (RC) exhibited higher virulence against G. mellonella larvae than sessile cells of the parental strain. Our findings indicate that switching events in C. tropicalis affect biofilm development and that sessile cells of distinct switch states may exhibit increased adhesion ability and enhanced virulence towards G. mellonella larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- AlaneT P Moralez
- Department of Microbiology, Paraná State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hugo F Perini
- Department of Microbiology, Paraná State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eloiza A Paulo
- Department of Microbiology, Paraná State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Furlaneto-Maia
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Federal University of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Furlaneto
- Department of Microbiology, Paraná State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Effects of CGA-N12 on the membrane structure of Candida tropicalis cells. Biochem J 2020; 477:1813-1825. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide CGA-N12 (NH2-ALQGAKERAHQQ-COOH) is an active peptide derived from chromogranin A (CGA) and consists of the 65th to 76th amino acids of the N-terminus. The results of our previous studies showed that CGA-N12 exerts anti-Candida activity by inducing apoptosis without destroying the integrity of cell membranes. In this study, the effect of CGA-N12 on the cell membrane structure of Candida tropicalis was investigated. CGA-N12 resulted in the dissipation of the membrane potential, the increase in membrane fluidity, and the outflow of potassium ions in C. tropicalis without significantly changing the ergosterol level. Fluorescence quenching was applied to evaluate the membrane channel characteristics induced by CGA-N12 through detection of the following: membrane permeability of hydrated Cl− (ϕ ≈ 0.66 nm) using the membrane-impermeable halogen anion-selective fluorescent dye lucigenin, passage of the membrane-impermeable dye carboxyfluorescein (CF) (ϕ ≈ 1 nm) through the membrane, and membrane permeation of H3O+ based on the membrane non-permeable pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, trisodium salt (HPTS). In conclusion, CGA-N12 can induce the formation of non-selective ion channels <1 nm in diameter in the membranes of C. tropicalis, resulting in the leakage of potassium ions, chloride ions, and protons, among others, leading to dissipation of the membrane potential. As a result, the fluidity of membranes is increased without destroying the synthesis of ergosterol is not affected.
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In vitro interaction of Candida tropicalis biofilm formed on catheter with human cells. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:177-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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