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Gao X, Bian T, Gao P, Ge X, Zhang Y, Han J, Guo X, Zhou L, Yang H. Fidelity Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and NADC30-like Strain. Viruses 2024; 16:797. [PMID: 38793678 PMCID: PMC11125636 DOI: 10.3390/v16050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has significantly impacted the global pork industry for over three decades. Its high mutation rates and frequent recombination greatly intensifies its epidemic and threat. To explore the fidelity characterization of Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV JXwn06 and the NADC30-like strain CHsx1401, self-recombination and mutation in PAMs, MARC-145 cells, and pigs were assessed. In vitro, CHsx1401 displayed a higher frequency of recombination junctions and a greater diversity of junction types than JXwn06. In vivo, CHsx1401 exhibited fewer junction types yet maintained a higher junction frequency. Notably, JXwn06 showed more accumulation of mutations. To pinpoint the genomic regions influencing their fidelity, chimeric viruses were constructed, with the exchanged nsp9-10 regions between JXwn06 and CHsx1401. The SJn9n10 strain, which incorporates JXwn06's nsp9-10 into the CHsx1401 genome, demonstrated reduced sensitivity to nucleotide analogs compared to CHsx1401. Conversely, compared with JXwn06, the JSn9n10 strain showed increased sensitivity to these inhibitors. The swapped nsp9-10 also influences the junction frequency and accumulated mutations as their donor strains. The results indicate a propensity for different types of genetic variations between these two strains and further highlight the nsp9-10 region as a critical determinant of their fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ting Bian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Peng Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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Lin Y, Zhou L, Xiao C, Li Z, Liu K, Li B, Shao D, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Wei J. Development and biological characterization of an infectious cDNA clone of NADC34-like PRRSV. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1359970. [PMID: 38800747 PMCID: PMC11123230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes high abortion rates in gestating sows and stillbirths, as well as high piglet mortality, seriously jeopardizing the pig industry in China and worldwide. Methods In this study, an infectious clone containing the full-length genome of NADC34-like PRRSV was constructed for the first time using reverse genetic techniques. The gene was amplified segmentally onto a plasmid, transfected into BHK-21 cells, and the transfected supernatant was harvested and transfected into PAM cells, which showed classical cytopathic effects (CPE). Results The virus rJS-KS/2021 was successfully rescued which could be demonstrated by Western Blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Its growth curve was similar to the original strain. Replace the 5'UTR and 3'UTR of rJS-KS/2021 with 5'UTR and 3'UTR of HP-PRRSV (strain SH1) also failed to propagate on MARC-145. Discussion In this study, an infectious clone of NADC34-like was constructed by reverse genetics, replacing the UTR and changing the cellular tropism of the virus. These findings provide a solid foundation for studying the recombination of different PRRSVs and the adaption of PRRSVs on MARC-145 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Chang H, Zheng J, Qiu Y, Chen C, Li Q, Wu Q, Lin L, Zhao H, Zhou Q, Gong L, Sun Y, Zhang X, Wang H. Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of a NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory disorder syndrome virus strain affecting sow production. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1207189. [PMID: 37483283 PMCID: PMC10360194 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1207189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Since it was first reported in 1987, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused several economic crises worldwide. The current prevalence of PRRSV NADC30-like stains causing clinical disease outbreaks in Chain is highly concerning. Immunization against and the prevention of this infection are burdensome for farming organizations as the pathogen frequently mutates and undergoes recombination. Herein, the genetic characterization of a NADC30-like strain (termed BL2019) isolated from a farm in Guangdong Province, China, was analyzed and its pathogenicity for piglets and sows was assessed. Results revealed that BL2019 exhibits a nucleotide homology of 93.7% with NADC30 PRRSV and its NSP2 coding region demonstrates the same 131aa deletion pattern as that of NADC30 and NADC30-like. Furthermore, we identified two recombination breakpoints located nt5804 of the NSP5-coding region and nt6478 of NSP2-coding region, the gene fragment between the two breakpoints showed higher homology to the TJ strain(a representative strain of highly pathogenic PRRSV) compared to the NADC30 strain. In addition, BL2019 infection in piglets caused fever lasting for 1 week, moderate respiratory clinical signs and obvious visual and microscopic lung lesions; infection in gestating sows affected their feed intake and increased body temperature, abortion rates, number of weak fetuses, and other undesirable phenomena. Therefore, we report a NADC30-like PRRSV strain with partial recombination and a representative strain of HP-PRRSV, strain TJ, that can provide early warning and support for PRRS immune prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limiao Lin
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Haishen Zhao
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Lee MA, Jayaramaiah U, You SH, Shin EG, Song SM, Ju L, Kang SJ, Hyun BH, Lee HS. Molecular Characterization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Korea from 2018 to 2022. Pathogens 2023; 12:757. [PMID: 37375447 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an endemic disease in the Republic of Korea. Surveillance of PRRS virus (PRRSV) types is critical to tailor control measures. This study collected 5062 serum and tissue samples between 2018 and 2022. Open reading frame 5 (ORF5) sequences suggest that subgroup A (42%) was predominant, followed by lineage 1 (21%), lineage 5 (14%), lineage Korea C (LKC) (9%), lineage Korea B (LKB) (6%), and subtype 1C (5%). Highly virulent lineages 1 (NADC30/34/MN184) and 8 were also detected. These viruses typically mutate or recombine with other viruses. ORF5 and non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) deletion patterns were less variable in the PRRSV-1. Several strains belonging to PRRSV-2 showed differences in NSP2 deletion and ORF5 sequences. Similar vaccine-like isolates to the PRRSV-1 subtype 1C and PRRSV-2 lineage 5 were also found. The virus is evolving independently in the field and has eluded vaccine protection. The current vaccine that is used in Korea offers only modest or limited heterologous protection. Ongoing surveillance to identify the current virus strain in circulation is necessary to design a vaccine. A systemic immunization program with region-specific vaccinations and stringent biosecurity measures is required to reduce PRRSV infections in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Usharani Jayaramaiah
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Shin
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Lanjeong Ju
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Meng K, Wang Y, Wang Z, Peng J, Ren S, Zhang Y, Guo L, Liu F, Lv T, Jiao J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Sun W, Yang G, Yu J, Wu J. Comparison of the cross-protection of PPRSV sublineage 8.7 MLV vaccines against the recombinant NADC30-like strain. Vet Microbiol 2023; 281:109724. [PMID: 37001388 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused a substantial threat to the swine industry in recent years. However, the protective efficacy of different sublineage 8.7 PRRSV modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines against emerging strains were still obscure. In this study, a broad epidemiological investigation of PRRSV showed the prevalence of NADC30-like strain increased in Shandong Province, China from 2018 to 2020. Through piglet trial for vaccination and challenge with recombinant NADC30-like SDlz1601 strain, CH-1R MLV vaccine showed better protective effect than JXA1-R and TJM-F92 MLV vaccines in terms of clinical score and pathological observation. Moreover, all three MLV vaccines could reduce virus loads in the serum of piglets. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of the NADC30-like strain and the protective effect of PRRS MLV vaccines against recombinant NADC30-like strains, which could help to improve the prevention and control of PRRSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jun Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sufang Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lihui Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tingting Lv
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Characterization and Pathogenicity of Two Novel PRRSVs Recombined by NADC30-like and NADC34-like Strains in China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102174. [PMID: 36298730 PMCID: PMC9607012 DOI: 10.3390/v14102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) pose a serious threat to the swine industry in China, which has caused great difficulties for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) immune prevention and control, due to its easily mutable and recombinant nature. In this study, two novel PRRSV strains, which were named GD-H1 and GD-F1, were isolated and fully sequenced from pig farms in Guangdong province, China. The phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis revealed that the GD-H1 and GD-F1 were generated by the recombination of NADC30-like and NADC34-like strains which were different from the previously prevalent strain. Further pathogenic studies on piglets and sows found that the recombinant strains could cause piglets high fever, loss of appetite and lung lesions, but no piglets died. However, the recombinant strains could cause acute death and abortion in pregnant sow infection models together with average survival rates of 62.5% and 37.5% abortion rates, respectively. These findings indicated that the recombinant strains were extremely pathogenic to sows. Therefore, we report two clinical novel recombinant strains of PRRSV that are different from the traditional epidemic strains in China, which may provide early warning and support for PRRS immune prevention and control.
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Activating Fc Gamma Receptors and Viral Receptors Are Required for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090470. [PMID: 36136686 PMCID: PMC9504219 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific sub- or non-neutralizing antibodies promote the adhesion and internalization of the virion into host cells. This phenomenon is known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of PRRSV infection. It has long been accepted that Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) are responsible for mediating ADE of virus infection. However, few researchers pay attention to the role of the virus receptors in the ADE of virus infection. In this study, we showed that activating FcγRs (FcγRI and FcγRIII) were responsible for mediating PRRSV-ADE infection. Simultaneously, we showed that the viral receptors (sialoadhesin and CD163) were involved in FcγR-mediated PRRSV-ADE infection. The extracellular domains 1-6 of sialoadhesin and the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich 5 domain of CD163 might play central roles in PRRSV-ADE infection. In conclusion, our studies indicated that activating FcγRs and virus receptors were required for PRRSV-ADE infection. Our findings should allow a more precise understanding of the structural basis for the mechanism of PRRSV-ADE infection, which would provide references for screening targets of novel PRRS vaccines or antiviral drugs against the PRRSV. Abstract Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is an event in preexisting sub-, or non-neutralizing antibodies increasing the viral replication in its target cells. ADE is one crucial factor that intensifies porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and results in PRRSV-persistent infection. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of PRRSV-ADE infection are poorly understood. In the current research, the results of the ADE assay showed that porcine immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for the PRRSV significantly enhanced PRRSV proliferation in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), suggesting that the ADE activity of PRRSV infection existed in pig anti-PRRSV IgG. The results of the RNA interference assay showed that knockdown of the Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI) or FcγRIII gene significantly suppressed the ADE activity of PRRSV infection in PAMs, suggesting that FcγRI and FcγRIII were responsible for mediating PRRSV-ADE infection. In addition, the results of the antibody blocking assay showed that specific blocking of the Sn1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 extracellular domain of the sialoadhesin (Sn) protein or selective blockade of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) 5 domain of the CD163 molecule significantly repressed the ADE activity of PRRSV infection in PAMs, suggesting that Sn and CD163 were involved in FcγR-mediated PRRSV-ADE infection. The Sn1–6 domains of porcine Sn protein and the SRCR 5 domain of porcine CD163 molecule might play central roles in the ADE of PRRSV infection. In summary, our studies indicated that activating FcγRs (FcγRI and FcγRIII) and viral receptors (Sn and CD163) were required for ADE of PRRSV infection. Our findings provided a new insight into PRRSV infection that could be enhanced by FcγRs and PRRSV receptors-mediated PRRSV-antibody immune complexes (ICs), which would deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of PRRSV-persistent infection via the ADE pathway.
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Xie CZ, Tao YM, Ha Z, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Jin NY, Lu HJ. Characterization of a new NSP2-deletion NADC34-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:212-218. [PMID: 35998397 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), which has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. PRRSV NADC34-Like PRRSV 2020-Acheng-1 strain, which caused high morbidity and high mortality were isolated from dead piglets (high-throughput sequencing to show that only PRRSV and TGEV) on a farm in northeastern China. The full-length genome sequence of 2020-Acheng-1 shares 95.6% nucleotide homology with NADC34 PRRSV without any gene insertion, but has a unique 17 amino acid (469aa to 486aa) deletion in Nsp2 compared with all NADC34-Like strains in NCBI and there are unique 100 amino acid deletions. In addition, difference degree of changes in signal peptide, trans-membrane region (TM), main neutralizing epitope (PNE), non-neutralizing epitope and N-glycosylation site were observed in GP5 of 2020-Acheng-1 and other PRRSV-2 strains, we only found a change in the fifteenth amino acid of signal peptide of in GP5 of 2020-Acheng-1 with NADC34 strains. Recombination analysis showed that 2020-Acheng-1 strain did not have any recombination events with representative PRRSV-2 strains in China. This study provided valuable evidence for understanding the role of NADC34-Like strain that impact on pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhan Xie
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Mo Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of specialty, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - He Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Ning-Yi Jin
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Changchun, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Jun Lu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Changchun, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Xing J, Zheng Z, Cao X, Wang Z, Xu Z, Gao H, Liu J, Xu S, Lin J, Chen S, Wang H, Zhang G, Sun Y. Whole genome sequencing of clinical specimens reveals the genomic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses emerging in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2530-e2540. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐bao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Ze‐zhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Xin‐yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Zhi‐yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Zhi‐ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Si‐jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Jin‐sen Lin
- Guangzhou Sino‐science Gene Testing Service Co., Ltd Guangzhou 510700 China
| | - Sheng‐nan Chen
- Guangzhou Sino‐science Gene Testing Service Co., Ltd Guangzhou 510700 China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Gui‐hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
| | - Yan‐kuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
- Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Maoming 525000 China
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Cao Z, Chen J, Li L, Liu J, Tong W, Zhou Y, Tong G, Wang G, Gao F. A rescued NADC30-like virus by reverse genetic manipulation exhibits moderate virulence and a promising application perspective. Virus Res 2022; 316:198801. [PMID: 35550390 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is highly homologous to the NADC30 strain isolated in the United States. The NADC30-like PRRSV was first reported in 2014 in China, where it spread and gradually caused an epidemic. Currently, growing research has shown that NADC30-like strains have greater propensity to recombine with other PRRSV strains, particularly the PPRSV vaccine virus used clinically, making the prevention and control of PRRSV highly complex. To carry out an in-depth molecular biology and virulence analysis, a full-length infectious clone of the NADC30-like strain was successfully constructed and rescued by reverse genetic manipulation. The rescued virus, rZJqz, was indistinguishable from its parental virus, ZJqz21, based on virological characteristics. Further animal experiments demonstrated that rZJqz retained similar pathogenicity and induced the typical clinical symptoms and viral shedding observed in the ZJqz21 challenge model. Together, these results provide a useful tool for further study of the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of NADC30-like strains. Moreover, these findings also provide a solid foundation for studying the recombination of different PRRSVs and developing new and effective universal vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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