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Meena K, Babu R, Pancholi B, Garabadu D. Exploring therapeutic potential of claudin in Flavivirus infection: A review on current advances and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 309:142936. [PMID: 40203926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Revised: 03/25/2025] [Accepted: 04/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
Flavivirus such as Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever virus, composed of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, predominantly contaminated through arthropods. Flavivirus infection characterises from asymptomatic signs to severe hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. The host's immune system detects these viruses and provides a defence mechanism to sustain their life and growth. However, flaviviruses through different mechanisms compromise the host's immune defence. The current pharmacotherapeutic strategies against Flavivirus infection target different stages of the Flavivirus life cycle and its proteins. On the contrary, the host's immune defence mechanism is equally important to restrict their growth. It has been suggested that flaviviruses compromise claudins to sustain their life and growth inside the mammalian cells. This review primarily focuses on the effect of Flavivirus on claudins (CLDNs), transmembrane proteins that form tight junctions in mammalian cells. CLDNs are crucial in viral entry and pathogenesis by regulating paracellular permeability, particularly in tissues and the blood-brain barrier. Recent studies indicate that the Dengue and Zika viruses can potentially be treated by targeting specific CLDNs-specifically CLDN 1, CLDN 5, and CLDN 7 to inhibit viral entry and fusion. Additionally, it highlights the current challenges and future prospects in developing claudin-based antiviral agents against Flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Meena
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Raja Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | | | - Debapriya Garabadu
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
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Ma Y, Xu J, Hao L, Wang G, Huang W, Liu Z. MiR-181a Negatively Regulates Claudin-3 to Facilitate Lateolabrax maculatus Iridovirus Replication in Lateolabrax maculatus Astroglia Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:1589. [PMID: 39459923 PMCID: PMC11512373 DOI: 10.3390/v16101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lateolabrax maculatus iridovirus (LMIV) is a variant strain of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), causing serious economic losses in aquaculture. Claudins (CLDNs) are major components of tight junctions (TJs) forming an important line of defense against pathogens. Our pilot miRNA-mRNA joint analysis indicated the degradation of CLDN3, as well as its interaction with miR-181a during LMIV infection. To elucidate the miR-181a/CLDN3/LMIV interactions, in vitro assays were carried out on LMB-L cells. We first confirmed that LMIV infection could decrease the expression of CLDN3, accompanied by the enhancement of permeability, suggesting the dysfunction of TJs. Contrary to the inhibition of CLDN3, the activation of miR-181a was proved, presenting a negative correlation between miR-181a and CLDN3 (Pearson r = -0.773 and p < 0.01). In addition, the influence of CLDN3 on LMIV replication was analyzed by knockdown and over-expression of CLDN3. When CLDN3 was silenced in LMB-L cells with siCLDN3-623 at 9 days post transfection (dpt), LMIV copies and titers were significantly up-regulated by 1.59-fold and 13.87-fold, respectively. By contrast, LMIV replication in LMB-L cells was reduced by 60% and 71%, post transfection with pcDNA3.1-CLDN3 over-expressed plasmid at 6 dpt and 9 dpt, respectively. Ultimately, the regulatory relationship between miR-181a and CLDN3 was further validated by dual luciferase reporter assays. Taking into account the above-described results, we proposed a "miR-181a/CLDN3/LMIV" regulatory relationship. This study provides a new insight for understanding the mechanism of LMIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.M.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (G.W.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.M.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (G.W.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.M.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (G.W.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.M.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (G.W.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.M.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (G.W.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wang X, Bi J, Yang C, Li Y, Yang Y, Deng J, Wang L, Gao X, Lin Y, Liu J, Yin G. Long non-coding RNA LOC103222771 promotes infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Marc-145 cells by downregulating Claudin-4. Vet Microbiol 2023; 286:109890. [PMID: 37857013 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an important swine disease caused by infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which leads to huge loss in swine industry. How to effectively control PRRS is challenging. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are key regulator of viral infections and anti-virus immunological responses, therefore, further understanding of lncRNAs will aid to identification of novel regulators of viral infections and better design of prevention and control strategies to viral infection related diseases and immune disorders. We demonstrated that PRRSV infection upregulated the expression of lncRNA LOC103222771 in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophage cells (PAMs) and that LOC103222771 is mainly located in cytoplasm. Knockdown of LOC103222771 could inhibit the PRRSV infection in Marc-145 cells. RNA-seq analysis and subsequent validation revealed increased expression of Claudin-4 (CLDN4) in Marc-145 when LOC103222771 was specifically downregulated,suggesting that LOC103222771 might be an upstream regulator of CLDN4, an important component of tight junctions for establishment of the paracellular barrier that controls the flow of molecules in the intercellular space between epithelial cells. We and others showed that Downregulation of CLDN4 could boost the infection of PRRSV. Collectively, LOC103222771/CLDN4 signal axis might be a novel mechanism of PRRSV pathogenesis, implying a potential therapeutic target against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Wang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Junlong Bi
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yongneng Li
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Junwen Deng
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xiaolin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yingbo Lin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
| | - Gefen Yin
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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Ohta K, Saka N, Fukasawa M, Nishio M. Hazara orthonairovirus nucleoprotein facilitates viral cell-to-cell spread by modulating tight junction protein, claudin-1. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192956. [PMID: 37287449 PMCID: PMC10243194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tight junctions act as a barrier that prevents invasion of pathogens through epithelial cells. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between tight junctions and nairoviruses using Hazara orthonairovirus (HAZV) as a surrogate model for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Methods mRNA, total protein, and cell surface protein levels of tight junction proteins were examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot and flow cytometry, respectively. HAZV growth was measured by plaque assay. Immunofluorescence assay was used to examine viral cell-to-cell spread. The interaction between HAZV nucleoprotein and claudin-1 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation. Results HAZV infection induced mRNA of several tight junction proteins, especially claudin-1. HAZV infection also induced cell surface expression of claudin-1 protein. Claudin-1 overexpression inhibited the growth of HAZV by blocking its cell-to-cell spread. In contrast, HAZV nucleoprotein completely inhibited HAZV-induced cell surface expression of claudin-1, and this inhibition required interaction between HAZV nucleoprotein and claudin-1. Conclusion HAZV nucleoprotein was shown to bind to claudin-1 to negatively regulate its cell surface expression, and so can promote cell-to-cell spread of HAZV. This is the first presentation of a possible mechanism behind how nairoviruses counteract tight junction barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ohta
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Saka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Machiko Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Zoladek J, Legros V, Jeannin P, Chazal M, Pardigon N, Ceccaldi PE, Gessain A, Jouvenet N, Afonso PV. Zika Virus Requires the Expression of Claudin-7 for Optimal Replication in Human Endothelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746589. [PMID: 34616388 PMCID: PMC8488266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with a series of neurological pathologies. In patients with ZIKV-induced neurological disorders, the virus is detectable in the central nervous system. Thus, ZIKV is capable of neuroinvasion, presumably through infection of the endothelial cells that constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We demonstrate that susceptibility of BBB endothelial cells to ZIKV infection is modulated by the expression of tight-junction protein claudin-7 (CLDN7). Downregulation of CLDN7 reduced viral RNA yield, viral protein production, and release of infectious viral particles in several endothelial cell types, but not in epithelial cells, indicating that CLDN7 implication in viral infection is cell-type specific. The proviral activity of CLDN7 in endothelial cells is ZIKV-specific since related flaviviruses were not affected by CLDN7 downregulation. Together, our data suggest that CLDN7 facilitates ZIKV infection in endothelial cells at a post-internalization stage and prior to RNA production. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms exploited by ZIKV to efficiently infect and replicate in endothelial cells and thus of its ability to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Zoladek
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Legros
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,VetAgro Sup, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Jeannin
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Unité Signalisation Antivirale, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pardigon
- Groupe Arbovirus, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Unité Signalisation Antivirale, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Philippe V Afonso
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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