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Zuo J, Quan Y, Li J, Li Y, Song D, Li X, Wang Y, Yi L, Wang Y. Tackling Antibiotic Resistance: Exploring 5-Fluorouracil as a Promising Antimicrobial Strategy for the Treatment of Streptococcus suis Infection. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1286. [PMID: 38731290 PMCID: PMC11083182 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, which causes serious diseases in both humans and animals and economic losses in the swine industry. As antibiotic resistance increases, there is an urgent imperative to explore novel antibacterial alternatives. In the present study, we selected the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a candidate drug to treat S. suis infections. The results showed that various pathogens, especially S. suis, are more sensitive to 5-FU. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of 5-FU is relatively low. Extensive in vitro assays demonstrated the pronounced bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of 5-FU against susceptible and multidrug-resistant S. suis strains. Its mechanisms of action include damage to the bacterial cell walls and membranes, resulting in the leakage of intracellular components, and the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), leading to a depletion of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pools, ultimately causing thymine-less death and lethal DNA damage in bacteria. Gene-knockout experiments further showed that 5-FU played a role by inhibiting the thyA gene-encoding thymidine synthase. Finally, we determined that S. suis infections can be alleviated by 5-FU in the mouse infection model. This study emphasizes the antibacterial potential of 5-FU against S. suis and provides evidence for its targeting of bacterial membrane damage and DNA damage. In summary, 5-FU can control S. suis infection and is expected to become a new alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Yingying Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Dong Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Xingping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Li Yi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China;
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Evaluation of immune effect of Streptococcus suis biofilm-associated protein PDH. Vet Microbiol 2021; 263:109270. [PMID: 34749282 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a zoonotic pathogen, Streptococcus suis(S. suis) takes pigs as the main host and is mainly colonizes in the upper respiratory tract and tonsil of pigs, causing septicemia, endocarditis and meningitis in pigs. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. As an immunogenic membrane-associated protein in S. suis, it has been found to be closely related to the formation of biofilm. In this study, the recombinant PDH (rPDH) of S. suis ZY05719 (serotype 2) was expressed and purified in E. coli by His affinity chromatography. Western blotting analysis showed that there was a strong specific reaction between PDH protein and PDH antiserum. Mice were immunized with recombinant PDH and inactivated bacteria, and the relative survival rates were 70 % and 60 %, respectively. In addition, mice immunized with PDH caused high levels of antibodies and high expression of immune-related genes in the spleen, which significantly protected the liver, brain and spleen from pathological damage. In addition, PDH antiserum could significantly inhibit the growth of S. suis and the formation of S. suis biofilm in vitro. These results further suggest that PDH is a promising candidate for S. suis biofilm-related subunit vaccine.
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Tram G, Jennings MP, Blackall PJ, Atack JM. Streptococcus suis pathogenesis-A diverse array of virulence factors for a zoonotic lifestyle. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:217-257. [PMID: 34147186 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major cause of respiratory tract and invasive infections in pigs and is responsible for a substantial disease burden in the pig industry. S. suis is also a significant cause of bacterial meningitis in humans, particularly in South East Asia. S. suis expresses a wide array of virulence factors, and although many are described as being required for disease, no single factor has been demonstrated to be absolutely required. The lack of uniform distribution of known virulence factors among individual strains and lack of evidence that any particular virulence factor is essential for disease makes the development of vaccines and treatments challenging. Here we review the current understanding of S. suis virulence factors and their role in the pathogenesis of this important zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Tram
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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