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Shen X, He J, Zhang N, Li Y, Lei X, Sun C, Muhammad A, Shao Y. Assessing the quality and eco-beneficial microbes in the use of silkworm excrement compost. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 183:163-173. [PMID: 38759274 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Sericulture has become widespread globally, and the utilization of artificial diets produces a substantial quantity of silkworm excrement. Although silkworm excrement can be composted for environmentally friendly disposal, the potential utility of the resulting compost remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of this unique compost and screen for eco-beneficial microbes, providing a new perspective on microbial research in waste management, especially in sustainable agriculture. The low-concentration compost application exhibited a greater plant growth-promoting effect, which was attributed to an appropriate nutritional value (N, P, K, and dissolved organic matter) and the presence of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) within the compost. Encouraged by the "One Health" concept, the eco-benefits of potent PGPB, namely, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus licheniformis, in sericulture were further evaluated. For plants, K. pneumoniae and B. licheniformis increased plant weight by 152.44 % and 130.91 %, respectively. We also found that even a simple synthetic community composed of the two bacteria performed better than any single bacterium. For animals, K. pneumoniae significantly increased the silkworm (Qiufeng × Baiyu strain) cocoon shell weight by 111.94 %, which could increase sericulture profitability. We also elucidated the mechanism by which K. pneumoniae assisted silkworms in degrading tannic acid, a common plant-derived antifeedant, thereby increasing silkworm feed efficiency. Overall, these findings provide the first data revealing multiple beneficial interactions among silkworm excrement-derived microbes, plants, and animals, highlighting the importance of focusing on microbes in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Shen
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintao He
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lei
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abrar Muhammad
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
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Gao X, Wu W, Yu L, Wu Y, Hong Y, Yuan X, Ming Q, Shen Z, Qin L, Zhu B. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Biocontrol Mechanism of Endophytic Bacterium AM201, Rhodococcus sp., against Root Rot Disease of Atractylodes macrocephala. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:218. [PMID: 38856763 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (AMK) is a perennial herb from the plant family Asteraceae (formerly Compositae). This herb is mainly distributed in mountainous wetlands in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Hunan provinces of China. Its medicinal production and quality, however, are severely impacted by root rot disease. In our previous study, endophytic bacterium designated AM201 exerted a high biocontrol effect on the root rot disease of AMK. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. In this study, the identity of strain AM201 as Rhodococcus sp. was determined through analysis of its morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, we performed transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to compare and analyze the transcriptome profiles of root tissues from two groups: AM201 (AMK seedlings inoculated with Fusarium solani [FS] and AM201) and FS (AMK seedlings inoculated with FS alone). We also conducted morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular identification analyses for the AM201 strain. We obtained 1,560 differentially expressed genes, including 187 upregulated genes and 1,373 downregulated genes. We screened six key genes (GOLS2, CIPK25, ABI2, egID, PG1, and pgxB) involved in the resistance of AM201 against AMK root rot disease. These genes play a critical role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance, Ca2+ signal transduction, abscisic acid signal inhibition, plant root growth, and plant cell wall defense. The strain AM201 was identified as Rhodococcus sp. based on its morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, and 16S rDNA sequencing results. The findings of this study could enable to prevent and control root rot disease in AMK and could offer theoretical guidance for the agricultural production of other medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tiantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 317200, China
| | - Le Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yueqing Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qianliang Ming
- School of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhanyun Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315500, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Bashir I, War AF, Rafiq I, Reshi ZA, Rashid I, Shouche YS. Uncovering the secret weapons of an invasive plant: The endophytic microbes of Anthemis cotula. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29778. [PMID: 38694109 PMCID: PMC11058297 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding plant-microbe interaction can be useful in identifying the microbial drivers of plant invasions. It is in this context that we explored the diversity of endophytic microbes from leaves of Anthemis cotula, an annual plant that is highly invasive in Kashmir Himalaya. We also tried to establish the role of endophytes in the invasiveness of this alien species. We collected and processed leaf samples from three populations at three different sites. A total of 902 endophytic isolates belonging to 4 bacterial and 2 fungal phyla were recovered that belonged to 27 bacterial and 14 fungal genera. Firmicutes (29.1%), Proteobacteria (24.1%), Ascomycota (22.8%) and Actinobacteria (19%) were dominant across all samples. Plant growth promoting traits, such as Ammonia production, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production, Phosphate solubilization and biocontrol activity of these endophytes were also studied and most of the isolates (74.68%) were positive for ammonia production. IAA production, phosphate solubilization and biocontrol activity was present in 39.24%, 36.70% and 20.26% isolates, respectively. Furthermore, Botrytis cinerea, a pathogen of A. cotula in its native range, though present in Kashmir Himalaya does not affect A. cotula probably due to the presence of leaf endophytic microbial antagonists. Our results highlight that the beneficial plant growth promoting interactions and enemy suppression by leaf endophytes of A. cotula, may be contributing to its survival and invasion in the Kashmir Himalaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aadil Farooq War
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iflah Rafiq
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A. Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Xiong Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Sha A, Xiao W, Luo Y, Peng L, Zou L, Li Q. Impact of Vanadium-Titanium-Magnetite Mining Activities on Endophytic Bacterial Communities and Functions in the Root Systems of Local Plants. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:526. [PMID: 38790155 PMCID: PMC11121153 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study utilized 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the community structure and function of endophytic bacteria within the roots of three plant species in the vanadium-titanium-magnetite (VTM) mining area. The findings indicated that mining activities of VTM led to a notable decrease in both the biodiversity and abundance of endophytic bacteria within the root systems of Eleusine indica and Carex (p < 0.05). Significant reductions were observed in the populations of Nocardioides, concurrently with substantial increments in the populations of Pseudomonas (p < 0.05), indicating that Pseudomonas has a strong adaptability to this environmental stress. In addition, β diversity analysis revealed divergence in the endophytic bacterial communities within the roots of E. indica and Carex from the VTM mining area, which had diverged to adapt to the environmental stress caused by mining activity. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that VTM mining led to an increase in polymyxin resistance, nicotinate degradation I, and glucose degradation (oxidative) (p < 0.05). Interestingly, we found that VTM mining did not notably alter the endophytic bacterial communities or functions in the root systems of Dodonaea viscosa, indicating that this plant can adapt well to environmental stress. This study represents the primary investigation into the influence of VTM mining activities on endophytic bacterial communities and the functions of nearby plant roots, providing further insight into the impact of VTM mining activities on the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (A.S.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (L.P.); (L.Z.)
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Giacomelli Ribeiro H, Teresinha Van Der Sand S. Exploring the Trends in Actinobacteria as Biological Control Agents of Phytopathogenic Fungi: A (Mini)-Review. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:70-81. [PMID: 38468744 PMCID: PMC10924869 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological control has been considered a sustainable alternative to combat phytopathogens. The increase of studies in the past few years involving Actinobacteria as biological control agents of phytopathogenic fungi has motivated us to search for which Actinobacteria genus that have been studied in the last five years and explore their mechanisms of antifungal activity. The accesses were carried out on three multidisciplinary digital platforms: PubMED/MedLine, Web of Science and Scopus. Actinobacteria from genus Amycolatopsis, Curtobacterium, Kocuria, Nocardioides, Nocardiopsis, Saccharopolyspora, Streptoverticillium and especially Streptomyces showed a broad antifungal spectrum through several antibiosis mechanisms such as the production of natural antifungal compounds, siderophores, extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and activation of plant defense system. We observed the formation of a methodology based on antagonistic compounds bioactivity to select efficient Actinobacteria to be used as biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi. The use of multifunctional Actinobacteria has been proven to be efficient, not only by its natural protective activity against phytopathogenic fungi but also because of their ability to act as plant growth-promoting bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa Giacomelli Ribeiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003 Brazil
| | - Sueli Teresinha Van Der Sand
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003 Brazil
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Gonçalves AC, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR, Flores-Félix JD. Diversity of Culture Microorganisms from Portuguese Sweet Cherries. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2323. [PMID: 38137924 PMCID: PMC10744636 DOI: 10.3390/life13122323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers today seek safe functional foods with proven health-promoting properties. Current evidence shows that a healthy diet can effectively alleviate oxidative stress levels and reduce inflammatory markers, thereby preventing the occurrence of many types of cancer, hypertension, and cardiovascular and neurological pathologies. Nevertheless, as fruits and vegetables are mainly consumed fresh, they can serve as vectors for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms associated with various disease outbreaks. As a result, there has been a surge in interest in the microbiome of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, given the growing interest in sweet cherries, and since their microbial communities have been largely ignored, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate their culturome at various maturity stages for the first time. A total of 55 microorganisms were isolated from sweet cherry fruit, comprising 23 bacteria and 32 fungi species. Subsequently, the selected isolates were molecularly identified by amplifying the 16S rRNA gene and ITS region. Furthermore, it was observed that the communities became more diverse as the fruit matured. The most abundant taxa included Pseudomonas and Ralstonia among the bacteria, and Metschnikowia, Aureobasidium, and Hanseniaspora among the fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (G.A.); (L.R.S.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (G.A.); (L.R.S.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (G.A.); (L.R.S.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II—Pinhal de Marrocos, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José D. Flores-Félix
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (G.A.); (L.R.S.)
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Yuan T, Qazi IH, Li J, Yang P, Yang H, Zhang X, Liu W, Liu J. Analysis of changes in bacterial diversity in healthy and bacterial wilt mulberry samples using metagenomic sequencing and culture-dependent approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206691. [PMID: 37680359 PMCID: PMC10481342 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Mulberry bacterial wilt is a serious destructive soil-borne disease caused by a complex and diverse group of pathogenic bacteria. Given that the bacterial wilt has been reported to cause a serious damage to the yield and quality of mulberry, therefore, elucidation of its main pathogenic groups is essential in improving our understanding of this disease and for the development of its potential control measures. Methods In this study, combined metagenomic sequencing and culture-dependent approaches were used to investigate the microbiome of healthy and bacterial wilt mulberry samples. Results The results showed that the healthy samples had higher bacterial diversity compared to the diseased samples. Meanwhile, the proportion of opportunistic pathogenic and drug-resistant bacterial flora represented by Acinetobacter in the diseased samples was increased, while the proportion of beneficial bacterial flora represented by Proteobacteria was decreased. Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC), Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. quasipneumoniae, K. michiganensis, K. oxytoca, and P. ananatis emerged as the main pathogens of the mulberry bacterial wilt. Discussion In conclusion, this study provides a valuable reference for further focused research on the bacterial wilt of mulberry and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiping Liu
- South China Agriculture University, College of Animal Science, Regional Sericulture Training Center for Asia-Pacific, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Xu W, Sun T, Du J, Jin S, Zhang Y, Bai G, Li W, Yin D. Structure and ecological function of the soil microbiome associated with 'Sanghuang' mushrooms suffering from fungal diseases. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:218. [PMID: 37573330 PMCID: PMC10422728 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most serious challenges in medicinal 'Sanghuang' mushroom production are the fungal diseases caused by various molds. Application of biological agents has been regarded as a potential crop disease management strategy. Here, the soil microbiome associated with 'Sanghuang' mushroom affected by fungal diseases grown under field cultivation (FC) and hanging cultivation (HC) was characterized using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. RESULTS A total of 12,525 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 168 pure cultures were obtained using high-throughput sequencing and a culture-dependent method, respectively. From high-throughput sequencing, we found that HC samples had more OTUs, higher α-diversity, and greater microbial community complexity than FC samples. Analysis of β-diversity divided the soil microbes into two groups according to cultivation mode. Basidiomycota (48.6%) and Ascomycota (46.5%) were the two dominant fungal phyla in FC samples, with the representative genera Trichoderma (56.3%), Coprinellus (29.4%) and Discosia (4.8%), while only the phylum Ascomycota (84.5%) was predominant in HC samples, with the representative genera Discosia (34.0%), Trichoderma (30.2%), Penicillium (14.9%), and Aspergillus (7.8%). Notably, Trichoderma was predominant in both the culture-independent and culture-dependent analyses, with Trichoderma sp. FZ0005 showing high host pathogenicity. Among the 87 culturable bacteria, 15 exhibited varying extents of antifungal activity against Trichoderma sp. FZ0005, with three strains of Bacillus spp. (HX0037, HX0016, and HX0039) showing outstanding antifungal capacity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that Trichoderma is the major causal agent of 'Sanghuang' fungal diseases and that Bacillus strains may be used as biocontrol agents in 'Sanghuang' cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Tao Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiahui Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Guofa Bai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cong H, Li C, Wu J, Li L, Jiang J, Cao X. Cultivable Endophyte Resources in Medicinal Plants and Effects on Hosts. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1695. [PMID: 37629552 PMCID: PMC10455732 DOI: 10.3390/life13081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for medicinal plants and the increasing shortage of resources, improving the quality and yield of medicinal plants and making more effective use of medicinal plants has become an urgent problem to be solved. During the growth of medicinal plants, various adversities can lead to nutrient loss and yield decline. Using traditional chemical pesticides to control the stress resistance of plants will cause serious pollution to the environment and even endanger human health. Therefore, it is necessary to find suitable pesticide substitutes from natural ingredients. As an important part of the microecology of medicinal plants, endophytes can promote the growth of medicinal plants, improve the stress tolerance of hosts, and promote the accumulation of active components of hosts. Endophytes have a more positive and direct impact on the host and can metabolize rich medicinal ingredients, so researchers pay attention to them. This paper reviews the research in the past five years, aiming to provide ideas for improving the quality of medicinal plants, developing more microbial resources, exploring more medicinal natural products, and providing help for the development of research on medicinal plants and endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoying Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.); (J.J.)
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Zou L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Li M, Huang J. Genetic diversity, plant growth promotion potential, and antimicrobial activity of culturable endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad185. [PMID: 37580141 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the phylogenetic diversity, plant growth promotion capacity, antifungal activity, and biocontrol potential of culturable actinobacterial endophytes isolated from the medicinal plant Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolation of actinobacteria from healthy A. carmichaelii plants was carried out on six different media. Full-length 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR from the genomic DNA of each strain. Indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore production were quantitatively assessed by the Salkowski and Chrome Azurol S methods, respectively. Rice seeds germination and seedling growth were employed to evaluate plant growth promotion capacities of candidate strains. Dual-culture assay and pot experiments were performed to investigate the antifungal and biocontrol potential of isolates. We obtained 129 actinobacterial isolates from A. carmichaelii, and they belonged to 49 species in 7 genera. These strains exhibited diverse plant growth promotion ability, among which one strain significantly enhanced rice seeds germination, while 31 strains significantly facilitated rice seedling growth. SWUST-123 showed strong antifungal activity against four pathogens in vitro and was most compatible with Qingchuan cultivar. SWUST-123 reduced around 40% of southern blight disease occurrence compared to blank control treatment. . CONCLUSION Aconitum carmichaelii harbored genetically diverse actinobacterial endophytes exhibiting diverse plant growth promotion and antifungal potential, some of which can be served as good candidates for biofertilizers and biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Muyi Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Zou L, Wang Q, Li M, Wang S, Ye K, Dai W, Huang J. Culturable bacterial endophytes of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. were diverse in phylogeny, plant growth promotion, and antifungal potential. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192932. [PMID: 37266004 PMCID: PMC10229814 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants harbor tremendously diverse bacterial endophytes that maintain plant growth and health. In the present study, a total of 124 culturable bacterial endophytes were isolated from healthy Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. plants. These strains were clustered into 10 genera based on full-length 16S rDNA sequences, among which Bacillus and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera. In addition, A. carmichaelii may capture 10 potential new bacterial species based on multi-locus sequence analysis of three housekeeping genes (gyrA, rpoB, and atpD). The majority of these bacterial endophytes exhibited plant growth-promoting ability through diverse actions including the production of either indole acetic acid and siderophore or hydrolytic enzymes (glucanase, cellulose, and protease) and solubilization of phosphate or potassium. A total of 20 strains inhibited hyphal growth of fungal pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum in vitro on root slices of A. carmichaelii by the dual-culture method, among which Pseudomonas sp. SWUSTb-19 showed the best antagonistic activity. Field experiment confirmed that Pseudomonas sp. SWUSTb-19 significantly reduced the occurrence of southern blight and promoted plant biomass compared with non-inoculation treatment. The possible mode of actions for Pseudomonas sp. SWUSTb-19 to antagonize against S. rolfsii involved the production of glucanase, siderophore, lipopeptides, and antimicrobial volatile compounds. Altogether, this study revealed that A. carmichaelii harbored diverse plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes, and Pseudomonas sp. SWUSTb-19 could be served as a potential biocontrol agent against southern blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Miangyang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Miangyang, China
| | - Muyi Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Miangyang, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Miangyang, China
| | - Kunhao Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Miangyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mianyang, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Miangyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mianyang, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Miangyang, China
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12
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Yuan T, Qazi IH, Yang P, Zhang X, Li J, Liu J. Analysis of endophytic bacterial flora of mulberry cultivars susceptible and resistant to bacterial wilt using metagenomic sequencing and culture-dependent approach. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:163. [PMID: 37067654 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes have a wide range of potential in maintaining plant health and sustainable agricultural environmental conditions. In this study, we analysed the diversity of endophytic bacteria in four mulberry cultivars with different resistance capacity against bacterial wilt using metagenomic sequencing and culture-dependent approaches. We further assessed the role of 11 shared genera in the control of bacterial wilt of mulberry. The results of the present study showed that Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the three dominant phyla in all communities, with the representative genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. The diversity analysis showed that the communities of the highly and moderately resistant varieties were more diverse compared to those of the weakly resistant and susceptible varieties. The control tests of mulberry bacterial wilt showed that Pantoea, Atlantibacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Acinetobacter were effective, with a control rate of over 80%. Microbacterium and Kosakonia were moderately effective, with a control rate between 50 and 80%. At the same time, Escherichia, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium were found to be less effective, with a control rate of less than 40%. In conclusion, this study provides a reasonable experimental reference data for the control of bacterial wilt of mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- College of Animal Science, Regional Sericulture Training Center For Asia-Pacific, South China Agriculture University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Animal Science, Regional Sericulture Training Center For Asia-Pacific, South China Agriculture University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, 67210, Pakistan
| | - Peijia Yang
- College of Animal Science, Regional Sericulture Training Center For Asia-Pacific, South China Agriculture University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueyin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Regional Sericulture Training Center For Asia-Pacific, South China Agriculture University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- College of Animal Science, Regional Sericulture Training Center For Asia-Pacific, South China Agriculture University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- College of Animal Science, Regional Sericulture Training Center For Asia-Pacific, South China Agriculture University, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Wang J, Qin S, Fan R, Peng Q, Hu X, Yang L, Liu Z, Baccelli I, Migheli Q, Berg G, Chen X, Cernava T. Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol of Leaf Blight Caused by Nigrospora sphaerica on Passion Fruit by Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Strain GUCC4. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020132. [PMID: 36836247 PMCID: PMC9966402 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is widely cultivated in tropic and sub-tropic regions for the production of fruit, flowers, cosmetics, and for pharmacological applications. Its high economic, nutritional, and medical values elicit the market demand, and the growing areas are rapidly increasing. Leaf blight caused by Nigrospora sphaerica is a new and emerging disease of passion fruit in Guizhou, in southwest China, where the unique karst mountainous landscape and climate conditions are considered potential areas of expansion for passion fruit production. Bacillus species are the most common biocontrol and plant-growth-promotion bacteria (PGPB) resources in agricultural systems. However, little is known about the endophytic existence of Bacillus spp. in the passion fruit phyllosphere as well as their potential as biocontrol agents and PGPB. In this study, 44 endophytic strains were isolated from 15 healthy passion fruit leaves, obtained from Guangxi province, China. Through purification and molecular identification, 42 of the isolates were ascribed to Bacillus species. Their inhibitory activity against N. sphaerica was tested in vitro. Eleven endophytic Bacillus spp. strains inhibited the pathogen by >65%. All of them produced biocontrol- and plant-growth-promotion-related metabolites, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), protease, cellulase, phosphatase, and solubilized phosphate. Furthermore, the plant growth promotion traits of the above 11 endophytic Bacillus strains were tested on passion fruit seedlings. One isolate, coded B. subtilis GUCC4, significantly increased passion fruit stem diameter, plant height, leaf length, leaf surface, fresh weight, and dry weight. In addition, B. subtilis GUCC4 reduced the proline content, which indicated its potential to positively regulate passion fruit biochemical properties and resulted in plant growth promotion effects. Finally, the biocontrol efficiencies of B. subtilis GUCC4 against N. sphaerica were determined in vivo under greenhouse conditions. Similarly to the fungicide mancozeb and to a commercial B. subtilis-based biofungicide, B. subtilis GUCC4 significantly reduced disease severity. These results suggest that B. subtilis GUCC4 has great potential as a biological control agent and as PGPB on passion fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wang
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Shun Qin
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruidong Fan
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zengliang Liu
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Agricultural Science Academy, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria and NRD–Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (T.C.)
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Zou L, Wang Q, Wu R, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Li M, Ye K, Dai W, Huang J. Biocontrol and plant growth promotion potential of endophytic Bacillus subtilis JY-7-2L on Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1059549. [PMID: 36704569 PMCID: PMC9871935 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. is a famous medicinal plant rich in alkaloids and widely used to treat various human diseases in Asian countries. However, southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii severely hampered the yield of A. carmichaelii. Beneficial microbe-based biological control is becoming a promising alternative and an environmentally friendly approach for the management of plant diseases. In this study, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of an endophytic bacterial strain JY-7-2L, which was isolated from the leaves of A. carmichaelii, against southern blight in vitro and by a series of field experiments. JY-7-2L was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on multi-locus sequence analysis. JY-7-2L showed strong antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii in vitro and on A. carmichaelii root slices by dual-culture assay. Cell-free culture filtrate of JY-7-2L significantly inhibited the hyphal growth, sclerotia formation, and germination of S. rolfsii. In addition, volatile compounds produced by JY-7-2L completely and directly inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii. Furthermore, JY-7-2L was proved to produce hydrolytic enzymes including glucanase, cellulase, protease, indole acetic acid, and siderophore. The presence of bacA, fenA, fenB, fenD, srfAA, and baeA genes by PCR amplification indicated that JY-7-2L was able to produce antifungal lipopeptides and polyketides. Field trials indicated that application of the JY-7-2L fermentation culture significantly reduced southern blight disease severity by up to 30% with a long-acting duration of up to 62 days. Meanwhile, JY-7-2L significantly promoted the fresh and dry weights of the stem, main root, and lateral roots of A. carmichaelii compared to non-inoculation and/or commercial B. subtilis product treatments. Taken together, JY-7-2L can be used as a promising biocontrol agent for the control of southern blight in A. carmichaelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Rongxing Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Qingshan Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Muyi Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Kunhao Ye
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mianyang, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mianyang, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China,*Correspondence: Jing Huang,
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15
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Anwar N, Jiang Y, Ma W, Yao Y, Li J, Ababaikeli G, Li G, Ma T. Culturable bacteria diversity in stem liquid and resina from Populus euphratica and screening of plant growth-promoting bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:322. [PMID: 36581840 PMCID: PMC9798617 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populus euphratica Olivier is a kind of tree capable of growing in extremely arid desert and semi-desert environments. In this study, a culture-dependent method was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of stem liquid of P. euphratica and resina of P. euphratica, and to further evaluate plant growth promoting (PGP) activity. RESULTS A total of 434 bacteria were isolated from stem fluid and resina of P. euphratica in Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve and Mulei Primitive forest. The results of taxonomic composition analysis shows that Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria_c are the three dominant groups in all the communities, and the representative genera are Bacillus, Nesterenkonia and Halomonas. The diversity analysis shows that the culturable bacterial community diversity of P. euphratica in Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve is higher than that in Mulei Primitive forest, and the bacterial community diversity of P. euphratica stem fluid is higher than that of resina. According to PGP activity evaluation, 158 functional bacteria with plant growth promoting potential were screened. Among them, 61 strains havephosphorus solubilizing abilities, 80 strains have potassium solubilizing abilities, 32 strains have nitrogen fixation abilities, and 151 strains have iron ammonia salt utilization abilities. The germination rate, plant height, and dry weight of the maize seedlings treated with strains BB33-1, TC10 and RC6 are significantly higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSION In this study, a large number of culturable bacteria were isolated from P. euphratica, which provides new functional bacteria sources for promoting plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusratgul Anwar
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Yuhao Yao
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Jue Li
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Gulibahaer Ababaikeli
- grid.464477.20000 0004 1761 2847College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054 China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Ting Ma
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
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16
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Medison RG, Tan L, Medison MB, Chiwina KE. Use of beneficial bacterial endophytes: A practical strategy to achieve sustainable agriculture. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:624-643. [PMID: 36694581 PMCID: PMC9834078 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial endophytic bacteria influence their host plant to grow and resist pathogens. Despite the advantages of endophytic bacteria to their host, their application in agriculture has been low. Furthermore, many plant growers improperly use synthetic chemicals due to having no or little knowledge of the role of endophytic bacteria in plant growth, the prevention and control of pathogens and poor access to endobacterial bioproducts. These synthetic chemicals have caused soil infertility, environmental contamination, disruption to ecological cycles and the emergence of resistant pests and pathogens. There is more that needs to be done to explore alternative ways of achieving sustainable plant production while maintaining environmental health. In recent years, the use of beneficial endophytic bacteria has been noted to be a promising tool in promoting plant growth and the biocontrol of pathogens. Therefore, this review discusses the roles of endophytic bacteria in plant growth and the biocontrol of plant pathogens. Several mechanisms that endophytic bacteria use to alleviate plant biotic and abiotic stresses by helping their host plants acquire nutrients, enhance plant growth and development and suppress pathogens are explained. The review also indicates that there is a gap between research and general field applications of endophytic bacteria and suggests a need for collaborative efforts between growers at all levels. Furthermore, the presence of scientific and regulatory frameworks that promote advanced biotechnological tools and bioinoculants represents major opportunities in the applications of endophytic bacteria. The review provides a basis for future research in areas related to understanding the interactions between plants and beneficial endophytic microorganisms, especially bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Litao Tan
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou Hubei 434025, China
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17
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Kandasamy GD, Kathirvel P. Insights into bacterial endophytic diversity and isolation with a focus on their potential applications –A review. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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18
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Liu JQ, Chen SM, Zhang CM, Xu MJ, Xing K, Li CG, Li K, Zhang YQ, Qin S. Abundant and diverse endophytic bacteria associated with medicinal plant Arctium lappa L. and their potential for host plant growth promoting. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:1405-1420. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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19
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Plant-Endophyte Interaction during Biotic Stress Management. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172203. [PMID: 36079585 PMCID: PMC9459794 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with diverse microbial communities and share complex relationships with each other. The intimate association between microbes and their host mutually benefit each other and provide stability against various biotic and abiotic stresses to plants. Endophytes are heterogeneous groups of microbes that live inside the host tissue without showing any apparent sign of infection. However, their functional attributes such as nutrient acquisition, phytohormone modulation, synthesis of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant enzymes of endophytes are similar to the other rhizospheric microorganisms. Nevertheless, their higher colonization efficacy and stability against abiotic stress make them superior to other microorganisms. In recent studies, the potential role of endophytes in bioprospecting has been broadly reported. However, the molecular aspect of host–endophyte interactions is still unclear. In this study, we have briefly discussed the endophyte biology, colonization efficacy and diversity pattern of endophytes. In addition, it also summarizes the molecular aspect of plant–endophyte interaction in biotic stress management.
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Ou T, Gao H, Jiang K, Yu J, Zhao R, Liu X, Zhou Z, Xiang Z, Xie J. Endophytic Klebsiella aerogenes HGG15 stimulates mulberry growth in hydro-fluctuation belt and the potential mechanisms as revealed by microbiome and metabolomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978550. [PMID: 36033884 PMCID: PMC9417544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth promotion and stress tolerance induced by endophytes have been observed in various plants, but their effects on mulberry regularly suffering flood in the hydro-fluctuation belt are less understood. In the present study, endophytic Klebsiella aerogenes HGG15 was screened out from 28 plant growth promotion (PGP) bacteria as having superior PGP traits in vitro and in planta as well as biosafety for silkworms. K. aerogenes HGG15 could actively colonize into roots of mulberry and subsequently transferred to stems and leaves. The 16S ribosomal RNA (V3–V4 variable regions) amplicon sequencing revealed that exogenous application of K. aerogenes HGG15 altered the bacterial community structures of mulberry roots and stems. Moreover, the genus of Klebsiella was particularly enriched in inoculated mulberry roots and was positively correlated with mulberry development and soil potassium content. Untargeted metabolic profiles uncovered 201 differentially abundant metabolites (DEMs) between inoculated and control mulberry, with lipids and organo-heterocyclic compounds being particularly abundant DEMs. In addition, a high abundance of abiotic stress response factors and promotion growth stimulators such as glycerolipid, sphingolipid, indole, pyridine, and coumarin were observed in inoculated mulberry. Collectively, the knowledge gained from this study sheds light on potential strategies to enhance mulberry growth in hydro-fluctuation belt, and microbiome and metabolite analyses provide new insights into the growth promotion mechanisms used by plant-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Xie,
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21
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Dee Tan IY, Bautista MAM. Bacterial Survey in the Guts of Domestic Silkworms, Bombyx mori L. INSECTS 2022; 13:100. [PMID: 35055946 PMCID: PMC8779307 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm, Bombyx mori L., research involves studies on improving strains for enhanced sustainability of high-quality silk production. Several of these have investigated the factors affecting growth and development of silkworm larvae and cocoon characteristics that subsequently affect the yield and quality of silk. The gut microbiota has been reported to impact growth and development of silkworms and has been linked, in particular, with absorption and utilization of nutrients and immunity to diseases. The silkworm strains maintained in the Philippines lack sufficient biological data for use in strain improvement. This prompted efforts to augment the data by profiling bacterial communities through high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and analysis in four of the local silkworm strains that are bred and maintained in the country. Results of the study showed that the four silkworm strains are abundant in bacteria that belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Delftia, Methylobacterium and Acinetobacter. Results also showed that bacterial diversity and evenness increase as larvae mature, which can be correlated to larval development and shifts in the amount and age of mulberry leaves the larvae consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y. Dee Tan
- Research and Development Division, Philippine Textile Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines;
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines—Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Ma. Anita M. Bautista
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines—Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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Ou T, Zhang M, Huang Y, Wang L, Wang F, Wang R, Liu X, Zhou Z, Xie J, Xiang Z. Role of Rhizospheric Bacillus megaterium HGS7 in Maintaining Mulberry Growth Under Extremely Abiotic Stress in Hydro-Fluctuation Belt of Three Gorges Reservoir. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:880125. [PMID: 35712602 PMCID: PMC9195505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.880125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been shown to play important roles in maintaining host fitness under periods of abiotic stress, and yet their effect on mulberry trees which regularly suffer drought after flooding in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in China remains largely uncharacterized. In the present study, 74 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of mulberry after drought stress, including 12 phosphate-solubilizing and 10 indole-3-acetic-acid-producing isolates. Bacillus megaterium HGS7 was selected for further study due to the abundance of traits that might benefit plants. Genomic analysis revealed that strain HGS7 possessed multiple genes that contributed to plant growth promotion, stress tolerance enhancement, and antimicrobial compound production. B. megaterium HGS7 consistently exhibited antagonistic activity against phytopathogens and strong tolerance to abiotic stress in vitro. Moreover, this strain stimulated mulberry seed germination and seedling growth. It may also induce the production of proline and antioxidant enzymes in mulberry trees to enhance drought tolerance and accelerate growth recovery after drought stress. The knowledge of the interactions between rhizobacteria HGS7 and its host plant might provide a potential strategy to enhance the drought tolerance of mulberry trees in a hydro-fluctuation belt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhou Huang
- Kaizhou District Nature Reserve Management Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Xie,
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Wu W, Wang S, Wu J, He B, Zhu B, Qin L. Influence of tissue and geographic locality on culturable endophytic bacteria of Atractylodes macrocephala. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2021; 167. [PMID: 34825886 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The endophytic bacterial community and their diversity are closely related to the host's growth and development. This paper explores the culturable endophytic bacteria in the stems, leaves, roots and rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala (AM) of four localities (Yuqian, Wenxian, Pan'an and Pingjiang) and the potential correlation between the bacteria and plant bioactive compounds. A total of 118 endophytic bacteria belonging to 3 phyla, 5 classes, 11 orders, 26 families and 48 genera were isolated and identified from the four AM tissues. Among them, Bacillus was the dominant genus. In AM, the tissue type and locality influenced the endophytic bacterial community. Approximately 29.7 and 28.8% of the endophytic bacteria exhibited tissue specificity and geographic specificity, respectively. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that the sesquiterpenoid (atractylenolide I, atractylenolide Ⅱ and atractylon) content was more in the rhizomes of Wenxian than in those of Pingjiang, Yuqian and Pan'an. The multiple linear regression was used to screen the bacterial strains related to the bioactive compounds of AM. The relative frequency of Microbacterium positively correlated with atractylenolide I and atractylon content in AM but negatively correlated with atractylenolide Ⅱ content. The study also provides a theoretical framework for future research on endophytic bacteria as alternative sources of secondary plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Bingqian He
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
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Seasonal Characterization of the Endophytic Fungal Microbiome of Mulberry ( Morus spp.) Cultivars Resistant and Susceptible to Sclerotiniosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102052. [PMID: 34683372 PMCID: PMC8537754 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic microbiome is thought to play an important role in promoting plant growth and health. Using culture-independent and culture-dependent protocols, this study characterized the seasonal shifts in the endophytic fungal microbiota of four mulberry (Morus L.) cultivars having different levels of resistance to mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis. Core endophytes can be obtained by two approaches, and they were divided into two clusters by season. Spring samples harbored higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and α-diversity, while autumn samples had more sequences or isolates of the fungal class Dothideomycetes with the representative orders Capnodiales and Pleosporales. While comparing different mulberry cultivars, we found that the total number of OTUs in susceptible cultivars was higher than that of resistant cultivars, and Cladosporium sp. were observed in all. Notably, the causal agent of fruit sclerotiniosis (Scleromitrula shiraiana) was only detected in susceptible cultivars. Collectively, our work elucidated significant variations in the mulberry endophytic microbiome, mainly because of seasonal shifts, and the fact that the host cultivars and mulberry endophytic fungal community appeared to have a certain connection with the resistance level of mulberry fruit to sclerotiniosis. These results provided valuable information on the isolation and culturing of mulberry endophytes that could be applied to improve mulberry fruit production and health.
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Jain R, Bhardwaj P, Pandey SS, Kumar S. Arnebia euchroma, a Plant Species of Cold Desert in the Himalayas, Harbors Beneficial Cultivable Endophytes in Roots and Leaves. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:696667. [PMID: 34335527 PMCID: PMC8322769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.696667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic mutualism of plants with microorganisms often leads to several benefits to its host including plant health and survival under extreme environments. Arnebia euchroma is an endangered medicinal plant that grows naturally in extreme cold and arid environments in the Himalayas. The present study was conducted to decipher the cultivable endophytic diversity associated with the leaf and root tissues of A. euchroma. A total of 60 bacteria and 33 fungi including nine yeasts were isolated and characterized at the molecular level. Among these, Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum with the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria (76.67%) and genus Pseudomonas. Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum (72.73%) dominated by class Eurotiales (42.42%) and genus Penicillium among isolated fungal endophytes. Leaf tissues showed a higher richness (Schao1) of both bacterial and fungal communities as compared to root tissues. The abilities of endophytes to display plant growth promotion (PGP) through phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) solubilization and production of ACC deaminase (ACCD), indole acetic acid (IAA), and siderophores were also investigated under in vitro conditions. Of all the endophytes, 21.51% produced ACCD, 89.25% solubilized P, 43.01% solubilized K, 68.82% produced IAA, and 76.34% produced siderophores. Six bacteria and one fungal endophyte displayed all the five PGP traits. The study demonstrated that A. euchroma is a promising source of beneficial endophytes with multiple growth-promoting traits. These endophytes can be used for improving stress tolerance in plants under nutrient-deficient and cold/arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Priyanka Bhardwaj
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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Gao L, Ma J, Liu Y, Huang Y, Mohamad OAA, Jiang H, Egamberdieva D, Li W, Li L. Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Halophytes from the West Aral Sea Basin. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071448. [PMID: 34361884 PMCID: PMC8303770 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes associated with halophytes may contribute to the host's adaptation to adverse environmental conditions through improving their stress tolerance and protecting them from various soil-borne pathogens. In this study, the diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic bacteria associated with halophytic samples growing on the shore of the western Aral Sea in Uzbekistan were investigated. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the nine halophytic samples by using the culture-dependent method and identified according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The screening of endophytic bacterial isolates with the ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi was completed by the plate confrontation method. A total of 289 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the nine halophytes, and they belong to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The predominant genera of the isolated endophytic bacteria were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces, accounting for 38.5%, 24.7%, and 12.5% of the total number of isolates, respectively. The comparative analysis indicated that the isolation effect was better for the sample S8, with the highest diversity and richness indices. The diversity index of the sample S7 was the lowest, while the richness index of samples S5 and S6 was the lowest. By comparing the isolation effect of 12 different media, it was found that the M7 medium had the best performance for isolating endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in the western Aral Sea Basin. In addition, the results showed that only a few isolates have the ability to produce ex-enzymes, and eight and four endophytic bacterial isolates exhibited significant inhibition to the growth of Valsa mali and Verticillium dahlia, respectively. The results of this study indicated that halophytes are an important source for the selection of microbes that may protect plant from soil-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.G.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (O.A.A.M.); (H.J.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinbiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.G.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (O.A.A.M.); (H.J.)
| | - Yonghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.G.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (O.A.A.M.); (H.J.)
| | - Yin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.G.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (O.A.A.M.); (H.J.)
| | - Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.G.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (O.A.A.M.); (H.J.)
| | - Hongchen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.G.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (O.A.A.M.); (H.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan;
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.G.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (O.A.A.M.); (H.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.G.); (J.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (O.A.A.M.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (L.L.)
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27
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Xu T, Jiang W, Qin D, Liu T, Zhang J, Chen W, Gao L. Characterization of the microbial communities in wheat tissues and rhizosphere soil caused by dwarf bunt of wheat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5773. [PMID: 33707584 PMCID: PMC7952392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dwarf bunt of wheat, which is caused by Tilletia controversa J.G. Kühn, is a soil-borne disease which may lead up to an 80% loss of yield together with degradation of the quality of the wheat flour by production of a fishy smell. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to characterize the microbial composition of wheat tissues (roots, spikes, first stem under the ear, and stem base) and rhizosphere soil of wheat varieties that are resistant and susceptible to T. controversa. We observed that the soil fungal community abundance and diversity were higher in resistant varieties than in susceptible varieties in both inoculated and uninoculated wheat, and the abundances of Sordariomycetes and Mortierellomycetes increased in the resistant varieties infected with T. controversa, while the abundances of Dothideomycetes and Bacteroidia increased in the susceptible varieties. Regarding the bacteria present in wheat tissues, the abundances of Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia and Acidobacteria in the ear and the first stem under the ear were higher than those in other tissues. Our results indicated that the abundances of Sordariomycetes, Mortierellomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Chryseobacterium and Massilia were higher in T. controversa-infected resistant varieties than in their controls, that Dothideomycetes, Bacteroidia, Nocardioides and Pseudomonas showed higher abundances in T. controversa-infected susceptible varieties, and that Curtobacterium, Exiguobacterium, Planococcus, and Pantoea may have higher abundances in both T. controversa-infected susceptible and resistant varieties than in their own controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Effects of the Biofertilizer OYK (Bacillus sp.) Inoculation on Endophytic Microbial Community in Sweet Potato. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) grows well even in infertile and nitrogen-limited fields, and endophytic bacterial communities have been proposed to be responsible for this ability. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria are considered eco-friendly and are used in agriculture, but their application can interact with endophytic communities in many ways. In this study, a commercial biofertilizer, OYK, consisting of a Bacillus sp., was applied to two cultivars of sweet potato, and the effects on indigenous endophytic bacterial communities in field conditions were examined. A total of 101 bacteria belonging to 25 genera in 9 classes were isolated. Although the inoculated OYK was not detected and significant plant-growth-promoting effects were not observed, the inoculation changed the endophytic bacterial composition, and the changes differed between the cultivars, as follows: Novosphingobium in α-Proteobacteria was dominant; it remained dominant in Beniharuka after the inoculation of OYK, while it disappeared in Beniazuma, with an increase in Sphingomonas and Sphingobium in α-Proteobacteria as well as Chryseobacterium and Acinetobacter in Flavobacteria. The behavior of Bacilli and Actinobacteria also differed between the cultivars. The Shannon diversity index (H) increased after inoculation in all conditions, and the values were similar between the cultivars. Competition of the inoculant with indigenous rhizobacteria and endophytes may determine the fates of the inoculant and the endophytic community.
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29
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Wang Z, Zhu Y, Jing R, Wu X, Li N, Liu H, Zhang X, Wang W, Liu Y. High-throughput sequencing-based analysis of the composition and diversity of endophytic bacterial community in seeds of upland rice. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:609-620. [PMID: 32995980 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Upland rice is an ecotype crop resulting from the long-term domestication and evolution of rice in dry land without a water layer. Generally, the stems and leaves are thick and luxuriant, while the leaves also typically broad and light. The root system is developed with abundant root hair, and the osmotic pressure of the root and cell juice concentration in the leaves is high, while this plant is drought-resistant, heat-resistant, and water absorbent. This study aims to reveal the "core flora" of the endophytes in upland rice seeds by examining their diversity and community structures. It further intends to reveal the impact of the soil environment on the formation of endophyte community structures in upland rice seeds by comparing the environmental soil microorganisms in upland rice habitats. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology based on the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform was used to investigate the structure and diversity of endophytic bacterial communities using upland rice varieties collected from different locations and soil samples from unified planting sites as materials. Here, 42 endophytic OTUs were found to coexist in the 14 samples. At the phylum level, the first dominant phyla in all the samples were Proteobacteria (93.81-99.99%). At the genus level, Pantoea (8.77-87.77%), Pseudomonas (1.15-61.58%), Methylobacterium (0.40-4.64%), Sphingomonas (0.26-3.85%), Microbacterium (0.01-4.67%) and Aurantimonas (0.04-4.34%), which represent the core microflora in upland rice seeds, served as the dominant genera that coexisted in all the upland rice seeds tested. This study significant for the isolation, screening, functional evaluation, and re-action of various functional microorganisms in upland rice to improve its agronomic traits. It also provides a specific reference for the interaction between microorganisms and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center At Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruixue Jing
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xianyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice (Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center), Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Hai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice (Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center), Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice (Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center), Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Xie J, Xu W, Zhang M, Qiu C, Liu J, Wisniewski M, Ou T, Zhou Z, Xiang Z. The impact of the endophytic bacterial community on mulberry tree growth in the Three Gorges Reservoir ecosystem, China. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:1858-1875. [PMID: 32902116 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant-associated microbes influence plant performance and may also impact biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The microbiome of mulberry trees planted for ecological restoration in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China, exhibited distinct patterns of localization. The endosphere exhibited lower α-diversity relative to the rhizosphere, but was more closely related to host growth status, especially in stem tissues. Pantoea was the predominant bacterial genus inhabiting the stems of two well-growing plants, while sequences identified as Pseudomonas and Pantoea were abundant in poorly growing plants. The complexity of the endophytic community was more connected to growth status in well-growing plants than it was in poorly growing plants. Among 151 endophytes cultured from collected samples of mulberry, 64 exhibited plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential in vitro and the majority of beneficial taxa were harvested from well-growing plants. Collectively, the present study indicates that the recruitment of beneficial endophytes may contribute to mulberry fitness under abiotic stress, and it provides a foundation for the development of a new strategy in vegetation restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weifang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changyu Qiu
- Promotion Station of Sericulture Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530007, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Pang Z, Zhao Y, Xu P, Yu D. Microbial Diversity of Upland Rice Roots and Their Influence on Rice Growth and Drought Tolerance. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091329. [PMID: 32878310 PMCID: PMC7564600 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Among abiotic stresses, drought is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth. To increase their drought tolerance and survival, most plants interact directly with a variety of microbes. Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rice ecotype that differs from irrigated ecotype rice; it is adapted to both drought-stress and aerobic conditions. However, its root microbial resources have not been explored. We isolated bacteria and fungi from roots of upland rice in Xishuangbanna, China. Four hundred sixty-two endophytic and rhizospheric isolates (337 bacteria and 125 fungi) were distributed. They were distributed among 43 genera on the basis of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis. Notably, these root microbes differed from irrigated rice root microbes in irrigated environments; for example, members of the Firmicutes phylum were enriched (by 28.54%) in the roots of the upland plants. The plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential of 217 isolates was investigated in vitro. The PGP ability of 17 endophytic and 10 rhizospheric isolates from upland rice roots was evaluated under well-irrigated and drought-stress conditions, and 9 fungal strains increased rice seedling shoot length, shoot and root fresh weight (FW), antioxidant capability, and proline (Pro) and soluble sugar contents. Our work suggests that fungi from upland rice roots can increase plant growth under irrigated and drought-stress conditions and can serve as effective microbial resources for sustainable agricultural production in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Z.P.); (Y.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Z.P.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Z.P.); (Y.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (D.Y.)
| | - Diqiu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (Z.P.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (D.Y.)
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Ding Z, Zhou H, Wang X, Huang H, Wang H, Zhang R, Wang Z, Han J. Deletion of the Histone Deacetylase HdaA in Endophytic Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701 Induces the Complex Response of Multiple Bioactive Secondary Metabolite Production and Relevant Gene Cluster Expression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163657. [PMID: 32796640 PMCID: PMC7464707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in controlling fungal secondary metabolism. Here, we report the pleiotropic effects of the epigenetic regulator HdaA (histone deacetylase) on secondary metabolite production and the associated biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) expression in the plant endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701. Deletion of the hdaA gene in strain Fes1701 induced a significant change of the secondary metabolite profile with the emergence of the bioactive indole alkaloid meleagrin. Simultaneously, more meleagrin/roquefortine-related compounds and less chrysogine were synthesized in the ΔhdaA strain. Transcriptional analysis of relevant gene clusters in ΔhdaA and wild strains indicated that disruption of hdaA had different effects on the expression levels of two BGCs: the meleagrin/roquefortine BGC was upregulated, while the chrysogine BGC was downregulated. Interestingly, transcriptional analysis demonstrated that different functional genes in the same BGC had different responses to the disruption of hdaA. Thereinto, the roqO gene, which encodes a key catalyzing enzyme in meleagrin biosynthesis, showed the highest upregulation in the ΔhdaA strain (84.8-fold). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the upregulation of HdaA inactivation on meleagrin/roquefortine alkaloid production in the endophytic fungus P. chrysogenum. Our results suggest that genetic manipulation based on the epigenetic regulator HdaA is an important strategy for regulating the productions of secondary metabolites and expanding bioactive natural product resources in endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ding
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-635-8239136
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Haotian Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China;
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.)
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Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. The endosphere microbial communities, a great promise in agriculture. Int Microbiol 2020; 24:1-17. [PMID: 32737846 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural food production and sustainability need intensification to address the current global food supply to meet human demand. The continuous human population increase and other anthropogenic activities threaten food security. Agrochemical inputs have long been used in conventional agricultural systems to boost crop productivity, but they are disadvantageous to a safe environment. Towards developing environmentally friendly agriculture, efforts are being directed in exploring biological resources from soil and plant microbes. The survival of the rhizosphere and endosphere microbiota is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Plant microbiota live interdependently with the host plants. Endophytes are regarded as colonizer microbes inhabiting and establishing microbial communities within the plant tissue. Their activities are varied and include fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, synthesis of siderophores, secretion of metabolite-like compounds containing active biocontrol agents in the control of phytopathogens, and induced systemic resistance that stimulates plant response to withstand stress. Exploring beneficial endophyte resources in the formulation of bio-inoculants, such as biofertilizers, as an alternative to agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) in developing environmentally friendly agriculture and for incorporation into crop breeding and disease control program is promising. Therefore, in this review, endosphere microbial ecology, associating environmental factors, and their roles that contribute to their effectiveness in promoting plant growth for maximum agricultural crop productivity were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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A potentially important resource: endophytic yeasts. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:110. [PMID: 32656593 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the research on endophytes isolated from plants and crops have greatly broadened its application in various fields. Endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi are known to promote the growth of various plants. Besides, the secondary metabolites such as alcohol and xylitol secreted by the endophytic yeast also help their hosts to resist microbial invasion. This makes them a potential substitute for chemical-based control methods. Moreover, the plant hosts can also provide nutrients for the growth of endophytic yeasts. To achieve the symbiotic relationship, yeasts must colonize most parts of the plant tissues, including intercellular spaces, cytoplasm, stomata of seeds, roots, stems, leaves, and fruits as well. Conventionally, isolation of endophytic yeasts from different plant tissues and understanding their interior plants colonization mechanism have remainedkey strategies to exploit their key potentials. In this review, we will elaborate on the diversity, characteristics of colonization, and the factors that influence the distribution of endophytic yeasts. This review also lays a theoretical foundation for the application of endophytic yeasts in various industrial and agricultural practices.
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Isolation and Characterization of Root-Associated Bacterial Endophytes and Their Biocontrol Potential against Major Fungal Phytopathogens of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030172. [PMID: 32121142 PMCID: PMC7157602 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal food crop worldwide, and its growth and yield are affected by several fungal phytopathogens, including Magnaporthe oryzae, Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme, and Rhizoctonia solani. In the present study, we have isolated and characterized root-associated bacterial endophytes that have antifungal activities against rice fungal phytopathogens. A total of 122 root-associated bacterial endophytes, belonging to six genera (Bacillus, Fictibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Cupriavidus, and Microbacterium) and 22 species were isolated from three rice cultivars. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA sequence-based phylogeny results revealed that Bacillus was the most dominant bacterial genera, and that there were 15 different species among the isolates. Moreover, 71 root-associated endophytes showed antagonistic effects against four major fungal phytopathogens, including M. oryzae, F. graminearum,F. moniliforme, and R. solani. Additionally, the biochemical, physiological, and PCR amplification results of the antibiotic-related genes further supported the endophytes as potential biocontrolling agents against the rice fungal pathogens. Consequently, the findings in this study suggested that the isolated bacterial endophytes might have beneficial roles in rice defense responses, including several bioactive compound syntheses. The outcomes of this study advocate the use of natural endophytes as an alternative strategy towards the rice resistance response.
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