Aptamer biorecognition and gold nanoshell-mediated fluorescence quenching for glycoprotein analysis and breast cancer diagnosis

CRISPR/Cas System-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Analysis and Detection

Fluorescent sensor is an important tool to reliaze qualitative or quantitative detection of target analyte based on the fluorescence principle. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) has been utilized to develop as a precise, efficient, and highly sensitive molecular diagnostic tool due to its efficient targeting and gene editing ability. At present, CRISPR/Cas system-based fluorescent sensors have shown excellent performance in the field of analysis and detection, and have received widespread attention. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanism of the CRISPR/Cas system, the characteristics of different Cas proteins, and the principle and characteristics of the fluorescent sensor, with a focus on summarizing the application of the CRISPR/Cas system-based fluorescent sensor for analysis and detection.

Hairpin aptamer and ROS-sensitive microcapsule-mediated glycoprotein determination for the prognosis of colorectal cancer

A novel glycoprotein assay was developed by integrating the hairpin aptamer (H-APT)-mediated glycoprotein recognition and the reactive oxygen species-sensitive microcapsule (ROS-MC)-induced signal amplification. The analyzing process begins with the transfer of the target glycoprotein to a chlorin e6 (Ce6)-labeled DNA sequence via H-APT-mediated DNA displacement. Subsequently, the Ce6-labeled DNA was used to induce the disassembly of fluorophore-loaded ROS-MC under 650-nm light irradiation. Leveraging the rapid release of the fluorophore and the high loading capacity of the MC, this glycoprotein assay is capable of quantifying glycoprotein content in native biofluids within 2.5 h, achieving a detection limit of 0.034 ng/mL. We applied this assay to determine the glycoprotein composition in plasma samples of colorectal cancer patients, revealing a significant increase in glycoprotein content for those with a poor prognosis. In summary, we have developed an innovative method for glycoprotein determination that shows potential for clinical translation.

Wearable Aptasensors

This Perspective explores the revolutionary advances in wearable aptasensor (WA) technology, which combines wearable devices and aptamer-based detection systems for personalized, real-time health monitoring. The devices leverage the specificity and sensitivity of aptamers to target specific molecules, offering broad applications from continuous glucose tracking to early diagnosis of diseases. The integration of data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) allows early risk prediction and guides preventive health measures. While challenges in miniaturization, power efficiency, and data security persist, these devices hold significant potential to democratize healthcare and reshape patient-doctor interactions.