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Puertas MJ, González-Sánchez M. Insertions of mitochondrial DNA into the nucleus—effects and role in cell evolution. Genome 2020; 63:365-374. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We review the insertion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments into nuclear DNA (NUMTS) as a general and ongoing process that has occurred many times during genome evolution. Fragments of mtDNA are generated during the lifetime of organisms in both somatic and germinal cells, by the production of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria. The fragments are inserted into the nucleus during the double-strand breaks repair via the non-homologous end-joining machinery, followed by genomic instability, giving rise to the high variability observed in NUMT patterns among species, populations, or genotypes. Some de novo produced mtDNA insertions show harmful effects, being involved in human diseases, carcinogenesis, and ageing. NUMT generation is a non-stop process overpassing the Mendelian transmission. This parasitic property ensures their survival even against their harmful effects. The accumulation of mtDNA fragments mainly at pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions is important to understand the transmission and integration of NUMTs into the genomes. The possible effect of female meiotic drive for mtDNA insertions at centromeres remains to be studied. In spite of the harmful feature of NUMTs, they are important in cell evolution, representing a major source of genomic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Puertas
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica González-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Montanari A, Leo M, De Luca V, Filetici P, Francisci S. Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase is present in the mitoplasts. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/2/bio041244. [PMID: 30777878 PMCID: PMC6398455 DOI: 10.1242/bio.041244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Lysine-acetyltransferase Gcn5 (KAT2) is part of the SAGA complex and is responsible for histone acetylation widely or at specific lysines. In this paper we report that GCN5 deletion differently affects the growth of two strains. The defective mitochondrial phenotype is related to a marked decrease in mtDNA content, which also involves the deletion of specific regions of the molecule. We also show that in wild-type mitochondria the Gcn5 protein is present in the mitoplasts, suggesting a new mitochondrial function independent from the SAGA complex and possibly a new function for this protein connecting epigenetics and metabolism. Summary: In yeast mitochondria the Gcn5 protein is present in the mitoplasts and is localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its deletion affects the mitochondrial phenotype and is related to a marked decrease of mitochondrial DNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Montanari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy .,Pasteur Institute Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Leo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Filetici
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - CNR, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Francisci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Sripathi SR, Sylvester O, He W, Moser T, Um JY, Lamoke F, Ramakrishna W, Bernstein PS, Bartoli M, Jahng WJ. Prohibitin as the Molecular Binding Switch in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Protein J 2016; 35:1-16. [PMID: 26661103 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-015-9641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, our molecular binding study showed that prohibitin interacts with phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositide and cardiolipin. Under stress conditions, prohibitin interacts with cardiolipin as a retrograde response to activate mitochondrial proliferation. The lipid-binding switch mechanism of prohibitin with phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate and cardiolipin may suggest the role of prohibitin effects on energy metabolism and age-related diseases. The current study examined the region-specific expressions of prohibitin with respect to the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A detailed understanding of prohibitin binding with lipids, nucleotides, and proteins shown in the current study may suggest how molecular interactions control apoptosis and how we can intervene against the apoptotic pathway in AMD. Our data imply that decreased prohibitin in the peripheral RPE is a significant step leading to mitochondrial dysfunction that may promote AMD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas R Sripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - O'Donnell Sylvester
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Weilue He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Ji-Yeon Um
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Folami Lamoke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Wan Jin Jahng
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria.
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Mitochondria in health, aging and diseases: the epigenetic perspective. Biogerontology 2015; 16:569-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA maintenance with advancing age. Biogerontology 2014; 15:417-38. [PMID: 25015781 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the impact of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance and mitochondrial function on the aging process. Mitochondrial function and mtDNA integrity are closely related. In order to create a protective barrier against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) attacks and ensure mtDNA integrity, multiple cellular mtDNA copies are packaged together with various proteins in nucleoids. Regulation of antioxidant and RONS balance, DNA base excision repair, and selective degradation of damaged mtDNA copies preserves normal mtDNA quantities. Oxidative damage to mtDNA molecules does not substantially contribute to increased mtDNA mutation frequency; rather, mtDNA replication errors of DNA PolG are the main source of mtDNA mutations. Mitochondrial turnover is the major contributor to maintenance of mtDNA and functionally active mitochondria. Mitochondrial turnover involves mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and selective autophagic removal of dysfunctional mitochondria (i.e., mitophagy). All of these processes exhibit decreased activity during aging and fall under greater nuclear genome control, possibly coincident with the emergence of nuclear genome instability. We suggest that the age-dependent accumulation of mutated mtDNA copies and dysfunctional mitochondria is associated primarily with decreased cellular autophagic and mitophagic activity.
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Evidence that core histone H3 is targeted to the mitochondria inBrassica oleracea. Cell Biol Int 2013; 34:997-1003. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang F, Wang S, Gan L, Vosler PS, Gao Y, Zigmond MJ, Chen J. Protective effects and mechanisms of sirtuins in the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:373-95. [PMID: 21930182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silent information regulator two proteins (sirtuins or SIRTs) are a group of histone deacetylases whose activities are dependent on and regulated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). They suppress genome-wide transcription, yet upregulate a select set of proteins related to energy metabolism and pro-survival mechanisms, and therefore play a key role in the longevity effects elicited by calorie restriction. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of sirtuins has been reported for both acute and chronic neurological diseases. The focus of this review is to summarize the latest progress regarding the protective effects of sirtuins, with a focus on SIRT1. We first introduce the distribution of sirtuins in the brain and how their expression and activity are regulated. We then highlight their protective effects against common neurological disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, axonal injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, we analyze the mechanisms underlying sirtuin-mediated neuroprotection, centering on their non-histone substrates such as DNA repair enzymes, protein kinases, transcription factors, and coactivators. Collectively, the information compiled here will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of sirtuins in the nervous system to date, and will hopefully help to design further experimental research and expand sirtuins as therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Choi YS, Hoon Jeong J, Min HK, Jung HJ, Hwang D, Lee SW, Kim Pak Y. Shot-gun proteomic analysis of mitochondrial D-loop DNA binding proteins: identification of mitochondrial histones. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1523-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gasiev AI, Shaikhaev GO. Lesions of the mitochondrial genome and ways of its preservation. RUSS J GENET+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795408040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gouliaeva NA, Kuznetsova EA, Gaziev AI. Proteins associated with mitochondrial DNA protect it against X-rays and hydrogen peroxide. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350906040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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