1
|
Alonso-Pérez V, Hernández V, Calzado MA, Vicente-Blázquez A, Gajate C, Soler-Torronteras R, DeCicco-Skinner K, Sierra A, Mollinedo F. Suppression of metastatic organ colonization and antiangiogenic activity of the orally bioavailable lipid raft-targeted alkylphospholipid edelfosine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116149. [PMID: 38266621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Metastatic cancer is notoriously difficult to treat, and it accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths. The ether lipid edelfosine is the prototype of a family of synthetic antitumor compounds collectively known as alkylphospholipid analogs, and its antitumor activity involves lipid raft reorganization. In this study, we examined the effect of edelfosine on metastatic colonization and angiogenesis. Using non-invasive bioluminescence imaging and histological examination, we found that oral administration of edelfosine in nude mice significantly inhibited the lung and brain colonization of luciferase-expressing 435-Lung-eGFP-CMV/Luc metastatic cells, resulting in prolonged survival. In metastatic 435-Lung and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we found that edelfosine also inhibited cell adhesion to collagen-I and laminin-I substrates, cell migration in chemotaxis and wound-healing assays, as well as cancer cell invasion. In 435-Lung and other MDA-MB-435-derived sublines with different organotropism, edelfosine induced G2/M cell cycle accumulation and apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Edelfosine also inhibited in vitro angiogenesis in human and mouse endothelial cell tube formation assays. The antimetastatic properties were specific to cancer cells, as edelfosine had no effects on viability in non-cancerous cells. Edelfosine accumulated in membrane rafts and endoplasmic reticulum of cancer cells, and membrane raft-located CD44 was downregulated upon drug treatment. Taken together, this study highlights the potential of edelfosine as an attractive drug to prevent metastatic growth and organ colonization in cancer therapy. The raft-targeted drug edelfosine displays a potent activity against metastatic organ colonization and angiogenesis, two major hallmarks of tumor malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Alonso-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vanessa Hernández
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Molecular Oncology Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), E-14004 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Soler-Torronteras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), E-14004 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Angels Sierra
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Molecular Oncology Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona-FCRB, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Faculty of Health and Live Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torrens-Mas M, Collado-Solé A, Sola-Leyva A, Carrasco-Jiménez MP, Oliver J, Pons DG, Roca P, Sastre-Serra J. Mitochondrial Functionality Is Regulated by Alkylphospholipids in Human Colon Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1457. [PMID: 38132283 PMCID: PMC10740929 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphospholipids (APLs) have been studied as anticancer drugs that interfere with biological membranes without targeting DNA. Although their mechanism of action is not fully elucidated yet, it is known that they disrupt the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol and its metabolism. Here, we analyzed whether APLs could also interfere with mitochondrial function. For this purpose, we used HT29 colorectal cancer cells, derived from a primary tumor, and SW620 colorectal cancer cells, derived from a metastasis site. After treatment with the APLs miltefosine and perifosine, we analyzed various mitochondrial parameters, including mitochondrial mass, cardiolipin content, mitochondrial membrane potential, H2O2 production, the levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, metabolic enzymes activity, the oxygen consumption rate, and the levels of apoptosis and autophagy markers. APLs, especially perifosine, increased mitochondrial mass while OXPHOS complexes levels were decreased without affecting the total oxygen consumption rate. Additionally, we observed an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) levels and a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, suggesting a metabolic rewiring induced by perifosine. These alterations led to higher mitochondrial membrane potential, which was potentiated by decreased uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Consequently, perifosine induced an imbalance in mitochondrial function, resulting in higher ROS production that ultimately impacted cellular viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (J.O.); (D.G.P.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Alejandro Collado-Solé
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (J.O.); (D.G.P.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Alberto Sola-Leyva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-L.); (M.P.C.-J.)
| | - María Paz Carrasco-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-L.); (M.P.C.-J.)
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (J.O.); (D.G.P.); (J.S.-S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (J.O.); (D.G.P.); (J.S.-S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (J.O.); (D.G.P.); (J.S.-S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (J.O.); (D.G.P.); (J.S.-S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang P, He T, Zhang W, Ma D, Li P, Chen J. A high-throughput Gaussia luciferase reporter assay for screening potential gasdermin E activators against pancreatic cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4253-4272. [PMID: 37799380 PMCID: PMC10548051 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is discovered that activated caspase-3 tends to induce apoptosis in gasdermin E (GSDME)-deficient cells, but pyroptosis in GSDME-sufficient cells. The high GSDME expression and apoptosis resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells shed light on another attractive strategy for PDAC treatment by promoting pyroptosis. Here we report a hGLuc-hGSDME-PCA system for high-throughput screening of potential GSDME activators against PDAC. This screening system neatly quantifies the oligomerization of GSDME-N to characterize whether pyroptosis occurs under the stimulation of chemotherapy drugs. Based on this system, ponatinib and perifosine are screened out from the FDA-approved anti-cancer drug library containing 106 compounds. Concretely, they exhibit the most potent luminescent activity and cause drastic pyroptosis in PDAC cells. Further, we demonstrate that perifosine suppresses pancreatic cancer by promoting pyroptosis via caspase-3/GSDME pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, this study reveals the great significance of hGLuc-hGSDME-PCA in identifying compounds triggering GSDME-dependent pyroptosis and developing promising therapeutic agents for PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tingting He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dingyuan Ma
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren Z, Wang Z, Gu D, Ma H, Zhu Y, Cai M, Zhang J. Genome Instability and Long Noncoding RNA Reveal Biomarkers for Immunotherapy and Prognosis and Novel Competing Endogenous RNA Mechanism in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740455. [PMID: 34746134 PMCID: PMC8564000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) crucially modulate DNA damage responses/repair in cancer cells. However, the underlying regulatory role of genome integrity and its clinical value in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains unclear. This study links genome instability to lncRNA using computational biology techniques, in attempt to propose novel biomarkers of immunotherapy outcome, and investigated a potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) as a molecular regulatory mechanism. Methods: TCGA-COAD patients were divided into genome unstable (GU)-like and genome stable (GS)-like clusters via hierarchical clustering to predict immunotherapy outcomes. Multivariate Cox model was established to predict the overall survival rate in COAD patients. Additionally, SVM and LASSO algorithms were applied to obtain hub lncRNAs. A novel genome instability-related ceRNA network was predicted with the Starbase 2.0 database. To better understand how these genes fundamentally interact during tumor progression and development, the mutation analysis and single-gene analysis for each gene was performed. Results: In contrast to those in the GS-like cluster, GU-like-cluster patients demonstrated a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB)/microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutation rate, and immune checkpoint expression, all indicate a greater predictive power for response rate for immunotherapy. The novel prognostic signature demonstrated an outstanding predictive performance (AUC > 0.70). The genes in the genome insatiability-related ceRNA network (including four axes: AL161772.1-has-miR-671-5p (hsa-miR-181d-5p, has-miR-106a-5p)-NINL, AL161772.1-has-miR-106a-5p-TNFSF11, AC124067.4-hsa-miR-92b-3p (hsa-miR-589-5p)-PHYHIPL, and BOLA3-AS1-has-miR-130b-3p-SALL4) were identified as critical regulators of tumor microenvironment infiltration, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. qPCR was performed to validate the expression patterns of these genes. Furthermore, the MSI-high proportion was greater in patients with mutated type than in those with the wild type according to all four target genes, indicating that these four genes modulate genomic integrity and could serve as novel immunotherapy biomarkers. Conclusion: We demonstrated that genome instability-related lncRNA is a novel biomarker for immunotherapy outcomes and prognosis. A novel ceRNA network that modulates genomic integrity, including four lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes, was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Ren
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Donghong Gu
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Hanchen Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Menghua Cai
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key Laboratory for T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Mitochondrial Targeting Involving Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts in the Mechanism of Action of the Antitumor Ether Lipid and Alkylphospholipid Analog Edelfosine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:763. [PMID: 34065546 PMCID: PMC8161315 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ether lipid edelfosine induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and is the prototypic molecule of a family of synthetic antitumor compounds collectively known as alkylphospholipid analogs. Cumulative evidence shows that edelfosine interacts with cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Edelfosine induces apoptosis in a number of hematological cancer cells by recruiting death receptors and downstream apoptotic signaling into lipid rafts, whereas it promotes apoptosis in solid tumor cells through an ER stress response. Edelfosine-induced apoptosis, mediated by lipid rafts and/or ER, requires the involvement of a mitochondrial-dependent step to eventually elicit cell death, leading to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and the triggering of cell death. The overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL blocks edelfosine-induced apoptosis. Edelfosine induces the redistribution of lipid rafts from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria. The pro-apoptotic action of edelfosine on cancer cells is associated with the recruitment of F1FO-ATP synthase into cholesterol-rich lipid rafts. Specific inhibition of the FO sector of the F1FO-ATP synthase, which contains the membrane-embedded c-subunit ring that constitutes the mitochondrial permeability transcription pore, hinders edelfosine-induced cell death. Taking together, the evidence shown here suggests that the ether lipid edelfosine could modulate cell death in cancer cells by direct interaction with mitochondria, and the reorganization of raft-located mitochondrial proteins that critically modulate cell death or survival. Here, we summarize and discuss the involvement of mitochondria in the antitumor action of the ether lipid edelfosine, pointing out the mitochondrial targeting of this drug as a major therapeutic approach, which can be extrapolated to other alkylphospholipid analogs. We also discuss the involvement of cholesterol transport and cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in the interactions between the organelles as well as in the role of mitochondria in the regulation of apoptosis in cancer cells and cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murray M, Dyari HRE, Allison SE, Rawling T. Lipid analogues as potential drugs for the regulation of mitochondrial cell death. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2051-66. [PMID: 24111728 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion plays an important role in the production of energy as ATP, the regulation of cell viability and apoptosis, and the biosynthesis of major structural and regulatory molecules, such as lipids. During ATP production, reactive oxygen species are generated that alter the intracellular redox state and activate apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-recognized component of the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer. Understanding mitochondrial function, and how this is dysregulated in disease, offers the opportunity for the development of drug molecules to specifically target such defects. Altered energy metabolism in cancer, in which ATP production occurs largely by glycolysis, rather than by oxidative phosphorylation, is attributable in part to the up-regulation of cell survival signalling cascades. These pathways also regulate the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors that may determine the rate of cell death and proliferation. A number of anti-cancer drugs have been developed that target these factors and one of the most promising groups of agents in this regard are the lipid-based molecules that act directly or indirectly at the mitochondrion. These molecules have emerged in part from an understanding of the mitochondrial actions of naturally occurring fatty acids. Some of these agents have already entered clinical trials because they specifically target known mitochondrial defects in the cancer cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Valdez BC, Zander AR, Song G, Murray D, Nieto Y, Li Y, Champlin RE, Andersson BS. Synergistic cytotoxicity of gemcitabine, clofarabine and edelfosine in lymphoma cell lines. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e171. [PMID: 24413065 PMCID: PMC3913938 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments for lymphomas include gemcitabine (Gem) and clofarabine (Clo) which inhibit DNA synthesis. To improve their cytotoxicity, we studied their synergism with the alkyl phospholipid edelfosine (Ed). Exposure of the J45.01 and SUP-T1 (T-cell) and the OCI-LY10 (B-cell) lymphoma cell lines to IC10–IC20 levels of the drugs resulted in strong synergistic cytotoxicity for the 3-drug combination based on various assays of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell death correlated with increased phosphorylation of histone 2AX and KAP1, decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increased production of reactive oxygen species and release of pro-apoptotic factors. Caspase 8-negative I9.2 cells were considerably more resistant to [Gem+Clo+Ed] than caspase 8-positive cells. In all three cell lines [Gem+Clo+Ed] decreased the level of phosphorylation of the pro-survival protein AKT and activated the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) stress signaling pathway, which in J45.01 cells resulted in the phosphorylation and heterodimerization of the transcription factors ATF2 and c-Jun. The observed rational mechanism-based efficacy of [Gem+Clo+Ed] based on the synergistic convergence of several pro-death and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways in three very different cell backgrounds provides a powerful foundation for undertaking clinical trials of this drug combination for the treatment of lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C Valdez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A R Zander
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Song
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Murray
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Y Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B S Andersson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|