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Neikirk K, Harris C, Le H, Oliver A, Shao B, Liu K, Beasley HK, Jamison S, Ishimwe JA, Kirabo A, Hinton A. Air pollutants as modulators of mitochondrial quality control in cardiovascular disease. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e70118. [PMID: 39562150 PMCID: PMC11576129 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand the effects of environmental factors such as air pollution on mitochondrial structure and function, especially when these changes increase cardiovascular disease risk. Although lifestyle choices directly determine many mitochondrial diseases, increasingly, it is becoming clear that the structure and function of mitochondria may be affected by pollutants found in the atmosphere (e.g., gases, pesticides herbicide aerosols, or microparticles). To date, the role of such agents on mitochondria and the potential impact on cardiovascular fitness is neglected. Here we offer a review of airborne stressors and pollutants, that may contribute to impairments in mitochondrial function and structure to cause heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Chanel Harris
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Department of Anatomy of Cell BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Sydney Jamison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jeanne A. Ishimwe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Center for ImmunobiologyNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and InflammationNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global HealthNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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2
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Kozal JS, Jayasundara N, Massarsky A, Lindberg CD, Oliveri AN, Cooper EM, Levin ED, Meyer JN, Giulio RTD. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to cross-generational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Danio rerio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106658. [PMID: 37722151 PMCID: PMC10591944 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The potential for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to have adverse effects that persist across generations is an emerging concern for human and wildlife health. This study evaluated the role of mitochondria, which are maternally inherited, in the cross-generational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model PAH and known mitochondrial toxicant. Mature female zebrafish (F0) were fed diets containing 0, 12.5, 125, or 1250 μg BaP/g at a feed rate of 1% body weight twice/day for 21 days. These females were bred with unexposed males, and the embryos (F1) were collected for subsequent analyses. Maternally-exposed embryos exhibited altered mitochondrial function and metabolic partitioning (i.e. the portion of respiration attributable to different cellular processes), as evidenced by in vivo oxygen consumption rates (OCRs). F1 embryos had lower basal and mitochondrial respiration and ATP turnover-mediated OCR, and increased proton leak and reserve capacity. Reductions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, increases in mtDNA damage, and alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress were also found in maternally-exposed embryos. Notably, the mitochondrial effects in offspring occurred largely in the absence of effects in maternal ovaries, suggesting that PAH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may manifest in subsequent generations. Maternally-exposed larvae also displayed swimming hypoactivity. The lowest observed effect level (LOEL) for maternal BaP exposure causing mitochondrial effects in offspring was 12.5 µg BaP/g diet (nominally equivalent to 250 ng BaP/g fish). It was concluded that maternal BaP exposure can cause significant mitochondrial impairments in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Kozal
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | - Andrey Massarsky
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Casey D Lindberg
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony N Oliveri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ellen M Cooper
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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3
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Larigot L, Mansuy D, Borowski I, Coumoul X, Dairou J. Cytochromes P450 of Caenorhabditis elegans: Implication in Biological Functions and Metabolism of Xenobiotics. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030342. [PMID: 35327534 PMCID: PMC8945457 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model used for many aspects of biological research. Its genome contains 76 genes coding for cytochromes P450 (P450s), and few data about the biochemical properties of those P450s have been published so far. However, an increasing number of articles have appeared on their involvement in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics such as fatty acid derivatives and steroids. Moreover, the implication of some P450s in various biological functions of C. elegans, such as survival, dauer formation, life span, fat content, or lipid metabolism, without mention of the precise reaction catalyzed by those P450s, has been reported in several articles. This review presents the state of our knowledge about C. elegans P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Larigot
- Campus Saint Germain, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Daniel Mansuy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (D.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilona Borowski
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (D.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Campus Saint Germain, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (X.C.) or (J.D.); Tel.: +331-76-53-42-35; Fax: + 331-42-86-43-84
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (D.M.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.) or (J.D.); Tel.: +331-76-53-42-35; Fax: + 331-42-86-43-84
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4
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Hershberger KA, Rooney JP, Turner EA, Donoghue LJ, Bodhicharla R, Maurer LL, Ryde IT, Kim JJ, Joglekar R, Hibshman JD, Smith LL, Bhatt DP, Ilkayeva OR, Hirschey MD, Meyer JN. Early-life mitochondrial DNA damage results in lifelong deficits in energy production mediated by redox signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2021; 43:102000. [PMID: 33993056 PMCID: PMC8134077 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of damage to the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) are poorly understood, although mtDNA is more susceptible to damage resulting from some genotoxicants than nuclear DNA (nucDNA), and many environmental toxicants target the mitochondria. Reports from the toxicological literature suggest that exposure to early-life mitochondrial damage could lead to deleterious consequences later in life (the “Developmental Origins of Health and Disease” paradigm), but reports from other fields often report beneficial (“mitohormetic”) responses to such damage. Here, we tested the effects of low (causing no change in lifespan) levels of ultraviolet C (UVC)-induced, irreparable mtDNA damage during early development in Caenorhabditis elegans. This exposure led to life-long reductions in mtDNA copy number and steady-state ATP levels, accompanied by increased oxygen consumption and altered metabolite profiles, suggesting inefficient mitochondrial function. Exposed nematodes were also developmentally delayed, reached smaller adult size, and were rendered more susceptible to subsequent exposure to chemical mitotoxicants. Metabolomic and genetic analysis of key signaling and metabolic pathways supported redox and mitochondrial stress-response signaling during early development as a mechanism for establishing these persistent alterations. Our results highlight the importance of early-life exposures to environmental pollutants, especially in the context of exposure to chemicals that target mitochondria. Early life mtDNA damage led to lifelong deficits in mitochondrial function. C. elegans developed slowly and were sensitive to chemical exposures as adults. Redox signaling is a mechanism that establishes these persistent alterations. Data are consistent with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Hershberger
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John P Rooney
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elena A Turner
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren J Donoghue
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rakesh Bodhicharla
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura L Maurer
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ian T Ryde
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jina J Kim
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rashmi Joglekar
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Duke University Department of Biology and University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Latasha L Smith
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel N Meyer
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA.
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5
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Leuthner TC, Hartman JH, Ryde IT, Meyer JN. PCR-Based Determination of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Multiple Species. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2310:91-111. [PMID: 34096001 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1433-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is a critical component of overall mitochondrial health. In this chapter, we describe methods for simultaneous isolation of mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nucDNA), and measurement of their respective copy numbers using quantitative PCR. Methods differ depending on the species and cell type of the starting material, and availability of specific PCR reagents. We also briefly describe factors that affect mtDNA copy number and discuss caveats to its use as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica H Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ian T Ryde
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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6
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Bora S, Vardhan GSH, Deka N, Khataniar L, Gogoi D, Baruah A. Paraquat exposure over generation affects lifespan and reproduction through mitochondrial disruption in C. elegans. Toxicology 2020; 447:152632. [PMID: 33197508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (methyl viologen), is a non-selective contact herbicide and well known mitochondrial toxicant. Mitochondria are the center of cellular metabolism, and involved in the development, lifespan, and reproduction of an organism. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are inherited maternally through the germline and carry multiple copies of their own genome (mtDNA). It is important to understand the effects of acute and chronic stress caused by mitochondrial toxicants over multiple generations at the cellular and organism levels. Using the model nematode C. elegans, we show that acute and chronic exposure to paraquat affects reproduction, longevity, gene expression, and mitochondrial physiology. Acute exposure to paraquat in N2 (wild type) causes induction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), increased expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), a dose-dependent progression from linear to fragmented mitochondria, and dose-dependent changes in longevity. Chronic exposure to a low dose of paraquat (0.035 mM) over multiple generations in N2 causes a progressive decline of fertility, leading to complete loss of fertile embryo production by the third generation. The mutation in CEP-1 [cep-1(gk138)], a key regulator of stress-induced apoptosis in the germline, causes increased sensitivity to chronic paraquat relative to N2 with no fertile embryo production beyond the second generation. Whereas, mitochondrial electron transport chain (complex III) mutant [isp-1(qm150)], which display constitutive activation of mtUPR showed increased tolerance and produced fertile embryo out to the fourth generation. The N2, cep-1(gk138), and isp-1(qm150) strain's lifespan over multiple generations exposed to chronic paraquat were measured. Fertility and lifespan data together indicate a trade-off between reproduction and somatic maintenance during chronic paraquat exposure. We have proposed that mitochondrial signaling, dynamics, and CEP-1 mediated germline apoptosis is involved in this trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Bora
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India
| | | | - Nikhita Deka
- DBT-NECAB, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India
| | - Lipika Khataniar
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India
| | - Debajani Gogoi
- DBT-NECAB, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India
| | - Aiswarya Baruah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India; DBT-NECAB, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India.
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7
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Tarkhov AE, Alla R, Ayyadevara S, Pyatnitskiy M, Menshikov LI, Shmookler Reis RJ, Fedichev PO. A universal transcriptomic signature of age reveals the temporal scaling of Caenorhabditis elegans aging trajectories. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7368. [PMID: 31089188 PMCID: PMC6517414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We collected 60 age-dependent transcriptomes for C. elegans strains including four exceptionally long-lived mutants (mean adult lifespan extended 2.2- to 9.4-fold) and three examples of lifespan-increasing RNAi treatments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reveals aging as a transcriptomic drift along a single direction, consistent across the vastly diverse biological conditions and coinciding with the first principal component, a hallmark of the criticality of the underlying gene regulatory network. We therefore expected that the organism's aging state could be characterized by a single number closely related to vitality deficit or biological age. The "aging trajectory", i.e. the dependence of the biological age on chronological age, is then a universal stochastic function modulated by the network stiffness; a macroscopic parameter reflecting the network topology and associated with the rate of aging. To corroborate this view, we used publicly available datasets to define a transcriptomic biomarker of age and observed that the rescaling of age by lifespan simultaneously brings together aging trajectories of transcription and survival curves. In accordance with the theoretical prediction, the limiting mortality value at the plateau agrees closely with the mortality rate doubling exponent estimated at the cross-over age near the average lifespan. Finally, we used the transcriptomic signature of age to identify possible life-extending drug compounds and successfully tested a handful of the top-ranking molecules in C. elegans survival assays and achieved up to a +30% extension of mean lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei E Tarkhov
- Gero LLC, Nizhny Susalny per. 5/4, Moscow, 105064, Russia.
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia.
| | - Ramani Alla
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Research Service, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Research Service, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mikhail Pyatnitskiy
- Gero LLC, Nizhny Susalny per. 5/4, Moscow, 105064, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid I Menshikov
- Gero LLC, Nizhny Susalny per. 5/4, Moscow, 105064, Russia
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Research Service, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Peter O Fedichev
- Gero LLC, Nizhny Susalny per. 5/4, Moscow, 105064, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.
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8
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Zdraljevic S, Fox BW, Strand C, Panda O, Tenjo FJ, Brady SC, Crombie TA, Doench JG, Schroeder FC, Andersen EC. Natural variation in C. elegans arsenic toxicity is explained by differences in branched chain amino acid metabolism. eLife 2019; 8:40260. [PMID: 30958264 PMCID: PMC6453569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We find that variation in the dbt-1 gene underlies natural differences in Caenorhabditis elegans responses to the toxin arsenic. This gene encodes the E2 subunit of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, a core component of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. We causally linked a non-synonymous variant in the conserved lipoyl domain of DBT-1 to differential arsenic responses. Using targeted metabolomics and chemical supplementation, we demonstrate that differences in responses to arsenic are caused by variation in iso-branched chain fatty acids. Additionally, we show that levels of branched chain fatty acids in human cells are perturbed by arsenic treatment. This finding has broad implications for arsenic toxicity and for arsenic-focused chemotherapeutics across human populations. Our study implicates the BCKDH complex and BCAA metabolism in arsenic responses, demonstrating the power of C. elegans natural genetic diversity to identify novel mechanisms by which environmental toxins affect organismal physiology. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zdraljevic
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Bennett William Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | | | - Oishika Panda
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Francisco J Tenjo
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Shannon C Brady
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Tim A Crombie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
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9
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Qu M, Xu K, Li Y, Wong G, Wang D. Using acs-22 mutant Caenorhabditis elegans to detect the toxicity of nanopolystyrene particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:119-126. [PMID: 29936155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans with acs-22 mutation to examine the in vivo effect of functional deficit in intestinal barrier on toxicity and translocation of nanopolystyrene particles. Mutation of acs-22 leads to deficit in intestinal barrier. After prolonged exposure, nanopolystyrene particles at concentrations ≥1 μg/L could cause toxicity on acs-22 mutant nematodes. acs-22 mutation resulted in translocation of nanopolystyrene particles into targeted organs through intestinal barrier in nanopolystyrene particles (1 μg/L) exposed nematodes. After prolonged exposure, nanopolystyrene particles (1 μg/L) dysregulated expressions of some genes required for the control of oxidative stress and activated expression of Nrf signaling pathway. Therefore, under certain pathological conditions, our results suggest the potential toxicity of nanoplastic particles at predicted environmental concentration on organisms after long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kangni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Garry Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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10
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Smith RL, Tan JME, Jonker MJ, Jongejan A, Buissink T, Veldhuijzen S, van Kampen AHC, Brul S, van der Spek H. Beyond the polymerase-γ theory: Production of ROS as a mode of NRTI-induced mitochondrial toxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187424. [PMID: 29095935 PMCID: PMC5667870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of some HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) is associated with severe adverse events. However, the exact mechanisms behind their toxicity has not been fully understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction after chronic exposure to specific NRTIs has predominantly been assigned to mitochondrial polymerase-γ inhibition by NRTIs. However, an increasing amount of data suggests that this is not the sole mechanism. Many NRTI induced adverse events have been linked to the incurrence of oxidative stress, although the causality of events leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their role in toxicity is unclear. In this study we show that short-term effects of first generation NRTIs, which are rarely discussed in the literature, include inhibition of oxygen consumption, decreased ATP levels and increased ROS production. Collectively these events affect fitness and longevity of C. elegans through mitohormetic signalling events. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these effects can be normalized by addition of the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which suggests that ROS likely influence the onset and severity of adverse events upon drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben L. Smith
- Molecular Biology & Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine M. E. Tan
- Molecular Biology & Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijs J. Jonker
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Buissink
- Molecular Biology & Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steve Veldhuijzen
- Molecular Biology & Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H. C. van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biosystems data analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Molecular Biology & Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van der Spek
- Molecular Biology & Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Faculty of Science (FNWI), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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van der Bliek AM, Sedensky MM, Morgan PG. Cell Biology of the Mitochondrion. Genetics 2017; 207:843-871. [PMID: 29097398 PMCID: PMC5676242 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are best known for harboring pathways involved in ATP synthesis through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Major advances in understanding these roles were made with Caenorhabditiselegans mutants affecting key components of the metabolic pathways. These mutants have not only helped elucidate some of the intricacies of metabolism pathways, but they have also served as jumping off points for pharmacology, toxicology, and aging studies. The field of mitochondria research has also undergone a renaissance, with the increased appreciation of the role of mitochondria in cell processes other than energy production. Here, we focus on discoveries that were made using C. elegans, with a few excursions into areas that were studied more thoroughly in other organisms, like mitochondrial protein import in yeast. Advances in mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics were made through the discoveries of novel functions in mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins. Some of these functions were only apparent through the use of diverse model systems, such as C. elegans Studies of stress responses, exemplified by mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, have also benefitted greatly from the use of model organisms. Recent developments include the discoveries in C. elegans of cell autonomous and nonautonomous pathways controlling the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, as well as mechanisms for degradation of paternal mitochondria after fertilization. The evolutionary conservation of many, if not all, of these pathways ensures that results obtained with C. elegans are equally applicable to studies of human mitochondria in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M van der Bliek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Margaret M Sedensky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington 98101
| | - Phil G Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington 98101
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Wyatt LH, Luz AL, Cao X, Maurer LL, Blawas AM, Aballay A, Pan WKY, Meyer JN. Effects of methyl and inorganic mercury exposure on genome homeostasis and mitochondrial function in Caenorhabditis elegans. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 52:31-48. [PMID: 28242054 PMCID: PMC5394729 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mercury toxicity mechanisms have the potential to induce DNA damage and disrupt cellular processes, like mitochondrial function. Proper mitochondrial function is important for cellular bioenergetics and immune signaling and function. Reported impacts of mercury on the nuclear genome (nDNA) are conflicting and inconclusive, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) impacts are relatively unknown. In this study, we assessed genotoxic (mtDNA and nDNA), metabolic, and innate immune impacts of inorganic and organic mercury exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genotoxic outcomes measured included DNA damage, DNA damage repair (nucleotide excision repair, NER; base excision repair, BER), and genomic copy number following MeHg and HgCl2 exposure alone and in combination with known DNA damage-inducing agents ultraviolet C radiation (UVC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which cause bulky DNA lesions and oxidative DNA damage, respectively. Following exposure to both MeHg and HgCl2, low-level DNA damage (∼0.25 lesions/10kb mtDNA and nDNA) was observed. Unexpectedly, a higher MeHg concentration reduced damage in both genomes compared to controls. However, this observation was likely the result of developmental delay. In co-exposure treatments, both mercury compounds increased initial DNA damage (mtDNA and nDNA) in combination with H2O2 exposure, but had no impact in combination with UVC exposure. Mercury exposure both increased and decreased DNA damage removal via BER. DNA repair after H2O2 exposure in mercury-exposed nematodes resulted in damage levels lower than measured in controls. Impacts to NER were not detected. mtDNA copy number was significantly decreased in the MeHg-UVC and MeHg-H2O2 co-exposure treatments. Mercury exposure had metabolic impacts (steady-state ATP levels) that differed between the compounds; HgCl2 exposure decreased these levels, while MeHg slightly increased levels or had no impact. Both mercury species reduced mRNA levels for immune signaling-related genes, but had mild or no effects on survival on pathogenic bacteria. Overall, mercury exposure disrupted mitochondrial endpoints in a mercury-compound dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Wyatt
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Anthony L Luz
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiou Cao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Laura L Maurer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ashley M Blawas
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William K Y Pan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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